1993—2004年华东部分地区酸雨的时空分布特征及其与气象条件的关系     

张明明  杨军  黄志勇  徐静馨 《南京气象学院学报》2013,5(2):120-126

分析华东地区15个酸雨观测站的1993—2004年数据资料,结果显示华东地区的酸雨灾害在全国范围内较为严重,其中以长江以南的浙江、福建地区尤为突出.1993—2004年华东地区降水的酸度呈现出先减轻后加重的趋势.降水量是影响华东酸雨的电导率和pH值的重要因素.pH值季节变化由高到低为夏、秋、冬、春,酸雨频率随季节的变化不显著.对同期15个观测站的电导率变化的分析显示,12年间华东地区降水的电导率呈现先稳定后变幅增大的趋势,降水酸度和电导率的年际变化存在显著的正相关关系.应当对影响降水酸度和电导率的相关大气成分加强监测与研究.  相似文献   

A palaeoecological test of the land-use hypothesis for recent lake acidification in South-West Norway using hill-top lakes     

H. J. B. Birks  Frode Berge  J. F. Boyle  B. F. Cumming 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1990,4(1):69-85

Lakes perched on hill-tops have very small catchments. Their water chemistry is largely influenced by the chemical composition of precipitation and by the underlying bedrock geology. They are ideal sites for testing the hypothesis that land-use and associated soil changes are a major cause of recent lake acidification. On this hypothesis, hill-top lakes in SW Norway are predicted not to show any recent lake acidification because, by their very nature, the chemistry of such lakes is little influenced by land-use or soil changes.Palaeolimnological analyses of diatoms and chrysophytes show that prior to ca. 1914 the two hill-top lakes investigated were naturally acid with reconstructed lake-pH values of at least 4.8–5.1. Since ca. 1914 lake pH values declined to ca. 4.5–4.7. These results contradict the land-use hypothesis. All the available palaeolimnological evidence (diatoms, chrysophytes, pollen, sediment geochemistry, carbonaceous particles) is consistent with the acid-deposition hypothesis.In the absence of any evidence to support the land-use hypothesis as a primary cause of recent lake acidification and in the light of several independent refutations, it is perhaps time to put the land-use hypothesis for recent lake acidification to rest.  相似文献   

Comparison of the acid-base responses to CO2 and acidification in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)     

Hayashi M  Kita J  Ishimatsu A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(11-12):1062-1065

To investigate whether the biological toxicity of aquatic hypercapnia is due to the direct effects of CO2 or to the effects of acidification of seawater by CO2, the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was subjected to seawater equilibrated with a gas mixture of air containing 5% CO2 (pH 6.18) or seawater acidified to the same pH with 1 N H2SO4. All the fish died within 72 h in the CO2 exposure group, whereas no mortality occurred in the acid group. Acid-base parameters as well as plasma ion concentrations were severely perturbed in the CO2 exposure group, whereas they were minimally affected in the acid group. These results clearly demonstrate that the mortality in the CO2 group is a direct result of the elevated levels of dissolved CO2 and not to the effects of the reduced water pH.  相似文献   

Heightened sensitivity of a poorly buffered high arctic lake to late-Holocene climatic change   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Neal Michelutti  Marianne S.V. Douglas  Alexander P. Wolfe  John P. Smol 《Quaternary Research》2006,65(3):421-430

A diatom-based paleolimnological investigation was conducted on late Holocene sediments from a poorly buffered lake, informally named “Rock Basin Lake”, on Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada. The fossil diatom record is unlike any other obtained thus far from high arctic regions, exhibiting dynamic assemblage shifts over the entire 3300 yr sedimentary record. Multiple proxies (i.e., diatoms, pH reconstructions, biogenic silica, C/N ratios, total organic carbon) appear to sensitively track rapid limnological changes, which are associated with distinct climate intervals as inferred from other regional proxy records. The highly responsive nature of the diatom assemblages in Rock Basin Lake, relative to those recorded from nearby alkaline sites, appears to be related to this lake's limited ability to buffer changes in pH. The dynamic species responses suggest that the diatoms in Rock Basin Lake are faithfully tracking climatic changes, and that low-alkalinity lakes may provide the most sensitive diatom-based paleolimnological records from high arctic regions.  相似文献   

滇东石漠化伴生“红裸土”表层有机质含量与酸碱度关系分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡灿灿  王嘉学  陈虎 《云南地理环境研究》2012,24(4):97-103

对滇东地区石漠化伴生"红裸土"典型发育地带的表层样品的有机质和酸碱度分析表明:"红裸土"表层有机质含量范围为0.60～38.5(g.kg-1),平均值为13.49(g.kg-1);酸碱度在4.20～5.72。不但"红裸土"表层有机质含量低,呈中强酸性,且"红裸土"表层土壤有机质含量与酸碱度成弱正相关。这一特征与同区域有植被覆盖下的表层土壤相反,与其他典型的喀斯特地区土壤表层有相似的变化规律。这些特征说明"红裸土"可能是形成石漠化过程的一个阶段。  相似文献   

西南地区酸雨时空分布特征研究     

唐信英  罗磊  张虹娇 《四川气象》2009,(2):33-36

利用中国气象局酸雨观测网西南地区四川、重庆、贵州、昆明、西藏五省、市、自治区17个酸雨观测站1993—2004年的观测资料．研究了西南地区降水pH值、酸雨频率及降水电导率时空分布特征。分析结果表明,红原、拉萨、甘孜极少出现酸雨;重庆酸雨频率最高,遵义降水pH均值最小,降水酸性较强;酸雨年际变化有降低趋势;酸雨强度及频率存在明显的月际变化,变化接近U型分布,并且与降水量成正相关。西南地区的酸雨污染仍很严重。  相似文献   

广东省1999—2013年雷电活动特征的分析     

刘三梅  贺灿花  许锐文  黄国开 《广东气象》2014,36(6):32-39

以1999—2013年广东省雷电定位资料作为数据来源,采用数理统计方法、Sql server数据库技术和GIS技术,统计分析雷电时空分布特征。研究表明,全省雷电活动频繁,规律性强,每年有数百万次雷电发生,具有明显的区域性特征。以广州为中心的珠三角区域和湛江局部地区雷电密度分布密集,粤东和粤西则分布相对稀疏,全省平均雷电密度为16.25次/(km2·年),其中广州最高,达30.96次/(km2·年),韶关最小,为9.52次/(km2·年);全省平均雷电流为25.29 k A,其中珠海最高,达33.7 k A,湛江最小,为22.3 k A;月分布主要集中在5—9月,占总数的89.5%,时段分布则在午后至傍晚13:00—19:00,占总数的62.0%。闪电以负闪为主,占93.01%,正闪占6.99%。  相似文献   

农用地土壤中7种重金属可提取态的测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

夏传波  郑建业  成学海  赵伟  田兴磊  张伟 《山东国土资源》2020,36(3):59-65

该文以氯化钙溶液进行提取,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和原子荧光光谱法,测定农用地土壤中Cd,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni等7种重金属可提取态,检出限在0.003~0.06 mg/kg之间。该方法用于4个可提取态质控样品的测定,测定值与推荐值基本相符,测定的相对标准偏差(n=8)在3.3%~9.1%之间。基于800余件农用地土壤样品的测定数据,对7种重金属可提取态与土壤pH值及重金属总量之间的关系进行了初步考察。结果表明,7个重金属可提取态和总量关系无明显相关性,仅在土壤酸性条件下可提取态Cd与总量Cd呈正相关性。7种重金属提取率大小顺序为Cd>Zn>Ni>Cu,As>Pb>Cr,其中Cd,Zn,Ni,Cu,Pb的提取率随土壤pH值的增大而迅速下降,而As,Cr在土壤碱性条件下的提取率略高于中酸性条件下的提取率。  相似文献   

Analysis of the Spatio-temporal Changes in Acid Rain and Their Causes in China (1998-2018)     

CHEN Xuan  SHAN Xiaoran  SHI Zhaoji  ZHANG Jiaen  QIN Zhong  XIANG Huimin  WEI Hui 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(5):593-599

With the rapid development of the economy, acid rain has become one of the major environmental problems that endanger human health. Being the largest developing country, the environmental problems caused by acid rain are of increasing concern with the rapid industrialization and urbanization in China. Recently, many researchers have focused on acid rain. To better understand the temporal and spatial dynamics of acid rain in China, the monitoring data on acid rain from 1998 to 2018 were studied using ArcGIS 10.2. The results show that the proportion of acid rain cities, the frequency, and the area of acid rain were decreasing, however, the situation still remains serious. Overall, the chemical type of acid rain was mainly sulfuric acid rain. However, the concentration ratio of SO₄ ^2-/NO₃ ^- decreased by 81.90% in 2018 compared with 1998, and presented a decreasing trend, which indicates that the contribution of nitrate to precipitation acidity has been increasing year by year. This research will help us to understand the distribution characteristics and causes of acid rain in China, and it may provide an effective reference for the prevention and control of acid rain in China.  相似文献   

长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物pH、Eh分布及制约因素   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

齐红艳  范德江  徐琳  杨作升 《沉积学报》2008,26(5):820-827

使用精密酸度计和新型全自动氧化还原电位仪测定了长江口及其临近海域表层沉积物中的pH、Eh值,分析了它们的分布特征,并从水团性质、层化特征、底质类型、生物扰动等方面深入探讨了pH、Eh的影响因素和影响机理。研究表明:研究区内表层沉积物属于中性—弱碱性环境,pH值变化于7.1～7.8之间,空间分布上具有分带性和不均一性特征;为还原环境,Eh变化于-100～-300 mV之间,大部分在-250 mV左右,其空间分布也具有弱分带和不均一的特点。该区沉积物酸碱性主要受水团性质的制约,同时底质类型、生物扰动对沉积物酸碱性也有一定影响,而氧化还原电位则主要受水团性质、水层层化和生物扰动等的影响。  相似文献