塔里木河流域人水和谐定量评价及调控对策   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

左其亭  张云 《干旱区地理》2008,31(2):164-174

针对人水和谐难以量化的难点问题及塔里木河流域缺乏定量评价研究的现状,详细介绍一套完整和系统的人水和谐量化方法体系,并在典型干旱区的塔里木河流域进行了详细的应用实例研究。通过实例的应用及分析,该方法经过定量计算得到了塔里木河流域的人水和谐度,比较客观的反映该流域的人水和谐程度。本文所做的工作丰富了人水和谐量化理论的研究,将人水和谐理念付诸于水资源管理实践有一定的理论和应用意义。  相似文献   

PCBs in fish from the southern Baltic Sea: levels, bioaccumulation features, and temporal trends during the period from 1997 to 2006   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Szlinder-Richert J  Barska I  Mazerski J  Usydus Z 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(1):85-92

Levels of seven marker polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been determined in five species of Baltic fish collected during 1997-2006. Downward time trends in the concentrations of heavier congeners of PCBs in different Baltic fish, with the exception of cod, have been observed between 1997 and 2001. In case of sprat and herring samples, the statistical significance of the time trends of the PCBs: 101, 118, 153, 138 and 180 concentrations has been proved. Species-specific bioaccumulation of PCBs has been indicated, and the lowest and highest levels of PCBs (expressed on the basis of lipid weight) have been observed in sprat and salmon samples, respectively. PCB profiles have been found to be similar in all the fish species tested. Sampling location has not been a crucial factor for the observed levels of various PCBs. In some fish species, PCB concentrations are negatively correlated with the fat content but have no relation with the fish length.  相似文献   

海湾分类系统研究   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

吴桑云  王文海 《海洋学报》2000,22(4):83-89

在全国海湾调查的基础上,将《中国海湾志》所记载的96个海湾的基本要素进行了统计分析,选择了海湾的水域率、开敞度、形态系数、动力参数等量化指标,对中国海湾分类进行定量化划分的探索,同时对海湾的成因分类也进行了有益的探讨.  相似文献   

中国西北地区寒武纪岩相古地理   总被引：20，自引：18，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

冯增昭  张家强  金振奎  鲍志东  王国力 《古地理学报》2000,2(2):1-10

西北地区是指贺兰山及六盘山以西和昆仑山以北的我国西北部的广大地区。作者在各露头剖面及钻井剖面的地层学和岩石学研究的基础上,采用单因素分析综合作图法,编制出了中国西北地区寒武系各统的各种单因素图和寒武纪各世的岩相古地理图。这些岩相古地理图具有定量、多级别和多类型的特点。定量,即每个古地理单元的划分和确定都有确切的定量的单因素数据和图件为依据。多级别,即已划分出三级古地理单元,如陆和海为一级;在海中又划分出台地、盆地和斜坡,为二级;在台地中,又划分出滩、坪、湖等,为三级。多类型,即每个古地理单元,主要是二级和三级古地理单元,还可根据其岩石特征区分出不同的类型,如台地可区分出碳酸盐岩台地、碎屑岩台地等,盆地可区分出硅质岩盆地、碎屑岩盆地、石灰岩盆地、复理石盆地、火山岩盆地等,滩可区分出亮晶颗粒滩（准滩、雏滩）、灰泥颗粒滩（准滩、雏滩）等。这种古地理图在西北地区还是首次出现。西北地区寒武纪岩相古地理格局可概括为“陆海并存,海中台盆相间分布,台中有滩坪湖,台盆间有坡”。新疆北山地区和西昆仑甘青地区的古地理特征有所不同,但其古地理格局和演化阶段以及海进过程则是相同的。  相似文献   

数量化理论在泥石流易发性预测中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

程英建  石豫川  石胜伟  刘富开 《水文地质工程地质》2015,42(1):140-145

泥石流易发性是泥石流研究中的重点与难点,泥石流易发性的确定对于泥石流整体特征的把握具有十分重要的作用。在总结现行标准和前人研究不足的基础上,从发生学角度选取流域面积、纵坡降、谷坡坡度等9个评价指标,采用数量化理论Ⅰ建立了泥石流易发性预测模型。通过模型自检和应用验证结果表明,模型准确率分别达到87.14%和90%,证明了该方法在泥石流易发性评价中的合理性与有效性。  相似文献   

Testing techniques to quantify drumlin height and volume: synthetic DEMs as a diagnostic tool          下载免费PDF全文

John K. Hillier  Michael J. Smith 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(5):676-688

Glacial bedform height (H) and volume (V) likely preserve important information about the behaviour of former ice sheets. However, large systematic errors exist in the measurement of H and V. Three semi‐automated methods to isolate drumlins from other components of the landscape (e.g. trees, hills) as portrayed by NEXTMap have recently been devised; however, it is unclear which is most accurate. This paper undertakes the first quantitative comparison of such readily implementable methods, illustrating the use of statistically representative ‘synthetic landscapes’ as a diagnostic tool. From this analysis, guidelines for quantifying the 3D attributes of drumlins are proposed. Specifically, to avoid obtaining incorrect estimates caused by substantial systematic biases, interpreters should currently take three steps: declutter the digital elevation model for estimating H but not V; remove height data within the drumlin; then interpolate across the resultant hole to estimate a basal surface using Delaunay triangulation. Results are demonstrated through analysis of drumlins in an area in western central Scotland. The guidance arguably represents the best current advice for subglacial bedforms in general, highlighting the need for more studies into the quality of mapped data using synthetic landscapes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

沉积学发展及油气勘探领域热点问题概述     

姜文超  张新荣  方石  袁魏  王凯  刘林萍 《地质与资源》2014,23(4):398-407

沉积学发展经历了萌芽与初步形成、沉积岩石学到沉积学、沉积学全面发展3个阶段.研究范畴从微观到宏观,从沉积岩的岩类学特征深入至成因探讨,从岩石观察到对沉积相的解释.层序地层学、地震沉积学是沉积学定性到定量化研究的开端,地球化学、数值模拟和实验技术是实现定量化的有效途径.总结了当前油气勘探领域中沉积学的热点问题,如地震沉积学的理论研究和实际应用,深水沉积的识别,白云岩的成因,浅水三角洲在油气勘探开发中的发展前景,旋回地层学及全球变化沉积学的发展与挑战等,为新的理论方法和技术手段的进一步完善提供基础信息.  相似文献   

山体基面高度对欧亚大陆东南部林线分布的影响——山体效应定量化研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

韩芳  张百平  谭靖  朱运海  姚永惠 《地理学报》2010,65(7)

根据收集到173个林线数据,采用纬度、经度和基面高度的三元一次方程拟合欧亚大陆东南部林线分布,计算各自的标准回归系数和贡献率,以此来确定山体基面高度(山体效应的简明表达形式)对林线分布高度的影响。结果表明,纬度、经度和山体基面高度对林线分布高度的贡献率分别为30.60%、26.53%、42.87%。以北纬32o为界线,对其以北、以南区域也分别进行了分析,基面高度的贡献率达到24.10%和39.11%。分析不同尺度和区域山体基面高度作用于林线的贡献率不难发现:在欧亚大陆东南部以基面高度代表的山体效应对于林线高度的影响显著,明显地超过了纬度和经度。基面高度的作用受气候条件和海陆位置影响较小,不论大陆内部或沿海,基面高度分异对山地垂直带分异的影响都相对独立和稳定。该结果定量地表明了山体效应对林线分布高度的重要作用。  相似文献   

中国晚寒武世岩相古地理   总被引：20，自引：16，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

冯增昭  彭勇民  金振奎  鲍志东 《古地理学报》2002,4(3):1-10

本文是《中国早寒武世岩相古地理》和《中国中寒世岩相古地理》的继续。本文的基础是笔者等的华北地区、华南地区和西北地区寒武纪和奥陶纪定量岩相古地理研究及编图的成果。定量,即每个古地理单元的划分都有确切的定量资料和定量图件为依据。在此基础上,结合其他地区的地质资料,全面分析,综合判断,编制出了全国范围的晚寒武世岩相古地理图并撰写出本文。因此,在本文中,华北、华南和西北地区的岩相古地理图及其文字论述是定量的和比较精细的,其他地区的岩相古地理图及其文字论述则是定性的和概略性的。在中国晚寒武世,中寒武世的 “两槽和三台相间分布”的古地理格局依然存在。两槽即天山北山蒙辽吉槽地和昆仑秦岭槽地,三台即准噶尔蒙兴台地、塔里木柴达木华北台地和西藏华南台地。这5个古地理单元的范围与中寒武世的基本上相同,但他们的次级古地理单元的特征则与中寒武世的有所不同或大不相同。  相似文献   

Arctic-alpine brown soils as a source of palaeoenvironmental information: Further 14C dating and palynological evidence from Vestre Memurubreen,Jotunheimen, Norway     

John A. Matthews  Christopher J. Caseldine 《第四纪科学杂志》1987,2(1):59-71

¹⁴C dating and pollen analytical evidence is presented relating to the usefulness of arctic-alpine Brown Soils for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. A present-day soil has been examined together with its continuation beneath the outermost ?Little Ice Age’? end moraine of the glacier Vestre Memurubreen at a location well above the tree-line in the mid-alpine belt of southern Norway. Fourteen ¹⁴C dates from chemically-fractionated soil samples, which range in age from 495 ± 55 ¹⁴C yr in the uppermost 1 cm to > 4000 ¹⁴C yr within 13 cm of the buried soil surface, demonstrate near-linear age/depth gradients in the palaeosol. Continuous development of the palaeosol over at least 5000 calendar yr prior to burial confirms that Vestre Memurubreen attained its Neoglacial maximum extent in the ?Little Ice Age’?. Pollen stratification in buried and unburied profiles indicates a single vegetation change from a low-alpine dwarf-shrub heath to a mid-alpine ?grass’? heath, reflecting an altitudinal lowering of vegetation belts and a possible climatic cooling of 2-4°C. Surface additions of allochthonous (aeolian) mineral particles appear to have contributed to soil development, whilst mixing processes have been relatively unimportant at this site. The immobilisation of resistant organic residues and the ineffectiveness of biological and chemical activity are major reasons for the preservation of a palaeoenvironmental record in these high altitude soils.  相似文献