一种基于InSAR相干系数的SAR阴影提取方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王健  向茂生  李绍恩 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2005,30(12):1063-1066

给出了一种新的阴影提取方法,根据阴影区域在InSAR相干系数图上的特性,利用Sigma滤波和最优阈值分割算法实现阴影的自动提取。实验结果表明,本方法是一种高效的阴影提取方法。  相似文献   

台风活动对副热带高压位置和强度的影响   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：9  

李春虎  黄福均  罗哲贤 《高原气象》2002,21(6):576-582

利用一个浅水模式，实施了6组时间积分为4－5个模式日的试验，研究了台风对副热带高压中心位置及强度的影响。结果表明：台风和副热带高压的相互作用可以使高压中心位置西移,强度增加。据此讨论了台风活动和西北地区东部干旱之间统计联系的可能机制。  相似文献   

张家界水环境演变与旅游发展关系   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

全华  陈田  杨竹莘 《地理学报》2002,57(5):619-624

通过实地监测并全面分析张家界国家森林公园水环境演变趋势，发现金鞭溪水质下降最为明显，而且随着游客的逐年增多，呈现出加速恶化的趋势。金鞭溪水质恶化主要表现为蓝藻，绿藻迅速繁殖，感官质量下降，主要原因是上游接待区锣鼓塔排出的污水中总磷超标，通过建立基于环境脆弱因子的动态阈值模型，计算得出：在不超出张家界景区最为脆弱的环境因子－金鞭溪水质标准：总磷≤0．02前提下，金鞭溪上游接待区住宿设施生态阈值，春季临界床位数1186，夏季为3057，冬季为545，秋季为333。  相似文献   

山岳型旅游区人文建筑环境后效与调控模型   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

全华 《山地学报》2002,20(6):706-711

许多山岳型旅游区内或其流域上游，都建有人文建筑，而且在急剧增多，导致自然环境日趋恶化，其中乱建疗养院和旅馆的影响最为严重。通过地监测并全面分析张家界环境演变趋势，发现住宿施对环境的影响，比其他游乐设施更为明显。张家界国家森林公园生态环境的脆弱因子是金鞭溪水质。金鞭溪水质恶化主要表现为蓝藻，绿藻迅速繁殖，感官质量下降。主要原因是磷污染较重，总磷年均值100%超标。本文提出了基于环境脆弱因子的动态阈值调控模型，通过计算得出：在不超出张家界景区最为脆弱的环境因子-金鞭溪水质标准：总磷≤0.02前提下，金鞭溪上游接待区住宿设施生态阈值的动态系列：春季临界床位数为1186，夏季为3057，冬季为545，秋季为333。目前的建筑规模已超过了金鞭溪上游接待区住宿设施生态阈值。  相似文献   

Statistic forecast of typhoons going over the Chinese coasts     

FENG Lihua  WU Zhanghua 《地理学报》2003,13(3):305-308

According to the measured data of typhoons going over the Chinese coasts in 1949-2002, a statistic relative equation showing the relation between the central atmospheric pressure of typhoons in a certain region at a certain period of time and their accumulation of frequency is established, and the concept of recurrence interval of typhoons is put forward, which is of actual significance for typhoon disaster reduction along the coastal area.  相似文献   

The stability of a remediated bed in Hamilton Harbour,Lake Ontario,Canada     

Carl L. Amos  Ian G. Droppo  Eduardo A. Gomez  Tom P. Murphy 《Sedimentology》2003,50(1):149-168

ABSTRACT In situ measurements of lakebed sediment erodibility were made on three sites in Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario, using the benthic flume Sea Carousel. Three methods of estimating the surface erosion threshold (τ_c(0)) from a Carousel time series were evaluated: the first method fits measures of bed strength to eroded depth (the failure envelope) and evaluates threshold as the surface intercept; the second method regresses mean erosion rate (E_m) with bed shear stress and solves for the floc erosion rate (E_f) to derive the threshold for E_m = E_f = 1 × 10^?5 kg m^?2 s^?1; the third method extrapolates a regression of suspended sediment concentration (S) and fluid transmitted bed shear stress (τ₀) to ambient concentrations. The first field site was undisturbed (C) and acted as a control; the second (W) was disturbed through ploughing and water injection as part of lakebed treatment, whereas the third site (OIP) was disturbed and injected with an oxidant used for remediation of contaminated sediment. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the three different methods of deriving erosion threshold; (2) to compare the physical behaviour of lacustrine sediments with their marine estuarine counterparts; and (3) to examine the effects of ploughing and chemical treatment of contaminated sediment on bed stability. Five deployments of Sea Carousel were carried out at the control site. Mean erosion thresholds for the three methods were: τ_c(0) = 0·5 (±0·06), 0·27 (±0·01) and 0·34 (±0·03) Pa respectively. Method 1 overpredicted bed strength as it was insensitive to effects in the surface 1–2 mm, and the fit of the failure envelope was also highly subjective. Method 2 exhibited a wide scatter in the data (low correlation coefficients), and definition of the baseline erosion rate (E_f) is largely arbitrary in the literature. Method 3 yielded stable (high correlation coefficients), reproducible and objective results and is thus recommended for evaluation of the erosion threshold. The results of this method correlated well with sediment bulk density and followed the same trend as marine counterparts from widely varying sites. Mass settling rates, expressed as a decay constant, k, of S(t), were strongly related to the maximum turbidity at the onset of settling (S_max) and were also in continuity with marine counterparts. Thus, it appears that differences in salinity had little effect on mass settling rates in the examples presented, and that biological activity dominated any effects normally attributable to changes in salinity. Bedload transport of eroded aggregates (2–4 mm in diameter) took place by rolling below a mean tangential flow velocity (U_y) of 0·32 ms^?1 and by saltation at higher velocities. Mass transport as bedload was a maximum at U_y = 0·4 ms^?1, although bedload never exceeded 1% of the suspended load. The proportion of material moving as bedload was greatest at the onset of erosion but decreased as flow competence increased. Given the low bulk density and strength of the lakebed sediment, the presence of a bedload component is notable. Bedload transport over eroding cohesive substrates should be greater in estuaries, where both sediment density and strength are usually higher. Significant differences between the ploughed and control sites were apparent in both the erosion rate and the friction coefficient (φ), and suggest that bed recovery after disruption is rapid (< 24 h). τ_c(0) increased linearly with time after ploughing and recovered to the control mean value within 3 days. The friction coefficient was reduced to zero by ploughing (diagnostic of fluidization), but increased linearly with time, regaining control values within 6 days. No long‐term reduction in bed strength due to remediation was apparent.  相似文献   

印度洋春、夏季海温对西藏高原夏季降水的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

周顺武  丁锋  假拉 《气象科学》2003,23(2):168-175

利用NCEP提供的1950—1997年全球月平均海表面温度场资料，首先通过EOF分解得到不同季节印度洋海温场空间分布特征，并在此基础上使用合成分析、相关分析和SVD分解等多种方法讨论了印度洋前期和同期海温异常与西藏高原夏季降水变化的关系。寻找出影响高原夏季降水的关键海区，目的为高原夏季早涝预测提供参考依据。  相似文献   

泰山顶部近地层风的方差与谱分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王秀梅  王海英冯磊  丁善文赵勇 《应用气象学报》2003,14(6):739-744

风在速度与方向上的不稳定性可引发结构振动并可导致损坏。山顶风较少受局地作用影响, 流场较稳定，作为典型风况对山顶风湍流脉动情形进行的观测和分析，对于研究建筑结构风载振动情形有着重要意义。在不同风况下对泰山气象站近地层风的风速和风向进行了同时、逐秒测记，所得样本经检验符合正态分布。计算表明，风向样本方差显著大于风速样本方差。绘制了各风速、风向样本自、互谱密度曲线图。谱图显示诸样本具有红噪声序列特征，不同样本自、互谱密度曲线具有相近形状，而以风速自谱曲线吻合程度最好，谱密度曲线在周期为4秒及2秒处有峰值。此后的研究应结合记录仪器的改进增加采样频率，对周期为2秒以下谱曲线作进一步分析。  相似文献   

西太平洋副高活动与平流层QBO关系的研究   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

李崇银  龙振夏 《大气科学》1997,21(6):670-678

资料分析表明，西太平洋副高活动有准两年振荡特征，副高的相对强度和副高脊线的纬度位置都清楚地表现出这种振荡。而且分析还表明，平流层低层纬向风的垂直切变同西太平洋副高活动有关，东（西）风切变对应着脊线位置偏北的较强（弱）副高形势。平流层低层东（西）垂直切变在赤道对流层上部所引起的异常上升（下沉）运动，导致Hadley环流的异常加强（减弱）可能是平流层QBO影响西太平洋副高准两年振荡的重要机制。用IAP-GCM所作的数值模拟试验得到了同观测资料分析相一致的结果。  相似文献   

青藏高原冬季积雪异常对东,南亚夏季风影响的初步数值模拟研究   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

范广洲  罗四维 《高原气象》1997,16(2):140-142

利用一个耦合了简化的简单生物圈模式的大气环流谱模式（ＳＳｉＢ－ＧＣＭ），初步探讨了青藏高原冬季积雪异常对东、南亚夏季季风环流和降水的影响及其机理。结果表明，高原地区积雪增加将使随后地夏季东、南来季风明显减弱，主要表现为东、南亚季风区降水减少，索马里急流、印度季风的印度西南气流弱弱。另外，还提出欧亚大陆雪盖与整个高原雪盖和高原东部雪盖对东、南亚夏季风影响的敏感问题。与欧亚大陆雪盖相比，高原雪盖是影响  相似文献