关于热水沉积物稀土配分模式的讨论   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

高怀忠 《地质科技情报》1999,18(3):40-42

海底热水沉积物的稀土配分模式取决于流体的密度和流方式,低密度热流体的沉积物稀配合模式类似于海水模式,高密度热流体的沉积物没有固定的稀土配分模式,在判别热水沉积物时不宜单独使用稀土配分模式。  相似文献   

长白山天池火山天文峰期黄色浮岩成因研究     

潘波  程滔  徐丹  刘松军 《岩石学报》2020,36(7):2067-2080

长白山天池火口北侧天文峰之上,一套醒目的黄色浮岩引起广泛的关注,其颜色成因问题更是讨论的热点。本文通过野外地质调查、显微形貌和地球化学分析等方法,探索了黄色浮岩的颜色成因问题,并对此次喷发活动(天文峰期喷发)有了更进一步的认识。黄色浮岩与其下部灰白色浮岩应为同一期喷发所形成,两者成分一致且特征相似。黄色浮岩初始颜色为灰白色,后期受所处环境(降水丰富)与本身气孔特征的影响,浮岩内发生了元素析出和元素沉淀的过程。首先,浮岩内Si与H2O结合形成弱硅酸(H2Si O3),而大气中CO2与H2O结合形成弱碳酸(H2CO3),在弱酸环境下火山玻璃逐渐析出Si、K、Al、Ca和Fe等阳离子,而析出的元素易溶于水的部分被流水带走,难溶于水的Fe与Al富集并粘附在火山玻璃壁上,同时由于Fe可与H2O络合形成黄色的Fe的水合物(Fe2O3·n H2O),而Al与H2O络合形成凝胶状白色水合物(Al2O3·n H2O),两者混合形成了黄色胶状物粘附在火山玻璃壁上,改变了浮岩原本的灰白色,形成了黄色浮岩。因此,天文峰期浮岩的黄色是由于后期风化淋滤作用所造成,属于次生色。本研究提高了对火山喷发堆积物风化淋滤作用过程的认识,也为其他地区相似颜色变化问题的讨论提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

Mechanisms of salinization in a middle Eocene lake in the Tanggu area of the Huanghua Depression     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The Sha-3-5 Submember of the Shahejie Formation in the Tanggu area of the Huanghua Depression contains analcime-bearing dolomite, indicating salinization of an ancient lake during deposition. Solar evaporation and hydrothermal salinization have both been proposed as ways to generate these saline conditions. Based on a comprehensive analysis of core data, thin sections, spore and pollen data, elemental geochemistry, pyrolysis results, and vitrinite reflectance, we assessed the mechanisms driving salinization in light of provenance evolution, geothermal evolution, paleoclimate, mineral responses to evaporation, and the relationship between fluid temperature and salinity. The vertical profiles of ΣREE, Eu/*Eu, and T_max exhibit little variation, and the maximum paleotemperatures attained by organic matter are comparable to present-day drill hole temperature. No major changes in provenance or paleotemperature and no petrological fabrics that would indicate a hydrothermal input are observed in the studied section. However, evidence for a semi-humid to semi-arid climate, primary evaporitic textures and structures, and a positive relationship between fluid temperature and salinity all support evaporation as the primary mechanism driving rising salinity. Solar evaporation, rather than hydrothermal eruption, appears to have been the primary factor driving lake salinization during middle Eocene deposition of the dolomitic Sha-3-5 Submember.  相似文献   

origin of the mud volcano in northern tianshan constrained by geochemical investigation     

GAO Xiao-qi  LIANG Hui  WANG Hai-tao  ZHENG Li-ming  LI Jie  ZHAO Chun-qing  XIANG Yang  ZHANG Tao 《地震地质》2015,37(4):1215-1224

Mud volcano is a kind of structural geological phenomena under certain hydrogeological environment and can bring plenty of valuable information to the ground when it erupts, therefore, many researchers call it as "Heaven granted well" whose depth can be up to 12km. Mud volcanoes in Xinjiang are distributed in the central-west region of North Tianshan, and five of them are representative, namely, Horgus, Dushanzi, Wenquan, Poplar valley, and Sailetike. We tested the gas, fluid and solid components of these mud volcanoes through investigations and studies of topography and geomorphology, geological and hydrogeological conditions, and mud debris characteristics, and preliminary obtained the origin of these mud volcanoes based on geochemical features. Finally, the paper describes briefly that the continuous enchancement of regional crustal tectonic stress can not only give rise to the seismogenesis and earthquake occurrence, but also break the original cycle of mud volcano to bring about significant activity, therefore, the two have a certain homology relationship.  相似文献   

Formation mechanism of in-situ volcanic reservoirs in eastern China:A case study from Xushen gasfield in Songliao Basin     

FENG ZiHui  YIN ChangHai  LIU JiaJun  ZHU YingKang  LU JiaMin  LI JiangHai 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(12)

A large number of in-situ volcanic reservoirs have been discovered from the Meso-Cenozoic rift basin group in eastern China.Based on drilling results in combination with geological and geophysical analysis,a case study from the Early Cretaceous Xujiaweizi fault-depression shows that the formation mechanism of in-situ volcanic reservoirs is characterized by"fault-controlled body,body-controlled facies,facies-controlled reservoir,and reservoir-controlled accumulation".In other words,deep faults control the volcanic eruption type,volcanic body,and gas reservoir distribution;the volcanic body determines the spatial distribution of volcanic facies and volcanic gas reservoir size;the volcanic facies control reservoir physical properties and effective thickness of gas formation;the volcanic reservoir properties control gas reservoir type and gas productivity.The result is useful to guiding the discovery of in-situ volcanic gas reservoirs in faulted basins in both theory and practice.  相似文献   

1597年10月6日ldquo;珲春-汪清深震区rdquo;Mge;8地震触发的湖震和火山喷发          下载免费PDF全文

李裕澈  时振梁  曹学锋 《地震学报》2012,34(4):557-570

探讨了1597年10月6日（明万历二十五年八月二十六日）地震的烈度特征,地震伴随的湖震和火山喷发,以及地震类型与规模．结果表明, 1597年10月6日地震为可能发生在ldquo;珲春——汪清深震区rdquo;的一次Mge;8深源地震;地震在中国东部地区产生了广泛的湖震,其多种形态可与1775年葡萄牙里斯本地震产生的湖震比拟;地震触发了望天鹅火山的一次中小规模爆发式喷发,其地点在中国吉林省长白县境内．   相似文献   

利用树轮密度重建新疆北部5-8月温度变化     

陈峰  袁玉江  魏文寿  喻树龙  尚华明  张同文  张瑞波  王慧琴 《冰川冻土》2017,39(1):43-53

利用新疆北部5个采样点的树轮密度年表主序列和新疆北部33个气象站观测气温平均值进行相关分析,结果显示其与新疆北部5-8月平均温度存在很强一致相关性,相关系数为0.667（p<0.001, n=49）。温度重建方程能够解释校准期（1960-2008年）内44.5%的温度变化方差。空间相关分析揭示该温度重建序列能够表征新疆北部过去353 a （1656-2008年）5-8月温度总体变化特征。重建序列揭示新疆北部5-8月平均温度大致经历了6个偏暖阶段,即1656-1664年、1667-1692年、1711-1734年、1804-1832年、1855-1956年、2000-2008年,中间为偏冷阶段,这些阶段中间多个小幅度变化。温度重建结果发现新疆北部温度变化与太阳活动、火山喷发有着紧密联系。温度重建序列与全球海温场的相关分析显示当西风带海区及热带大西洋地区的海温偏高时,研究区气温偏高。与海温、火山喷发和云量变化的相关分析都指示在西风环流的作用下,上述因子对于该地区温度变化有着重要影响。该温度重建序列在低频变化上与北半球气温具有显著正相关,说明中亚地区温度变化与北半球整体温度变化具有较好的一致性。  相似文献   

内蒙古达里诺尔火山群火山地貌特征及火山岩岩石学特点     

李霓  龚丽文  赵勇伟  樊祺诚  王佳龙  张传杰 《岩石学报》2017,33(1):137-147

在内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟与赤峰交界处、达里湖的西北部有一群第四纪火山,数目达上百座,多数为中心式或裂隙-中心式喷发,形成相对高度在50~130m之间的火山锥,它们被称为"达里诺尔火山群",也是世界上海拔较高的火山群之一。因锥体形成后受风化、流水侵蚀等外力作用,多数火山锥已受剥蚀,但相对较新的火山还保留着完整的火山机构,包括火山渣锥、火山口、降落和溅落堆积物、塌陷坑、熔岩流、喷气锥等。达里诺尔火山锥体多由火山碎屑物组成,熔岩则流动迭加在早期形成的多级熔岩台地之上,分布总面积约3100km2,与其它火山岩共同组成了广阔的内蒙古高原。火山区整体呈四周低、中间阶梯状隆起的台地地形,按高程可分为四个阶梯,高度分别为1280m、1360m、1440m和1500m。熔岩台地的展布和火山锥的分布均呈东西走向的条带状,火山群的整体分布主要受东西向天山-阴山基底断裂和北东向大兴安岭-太行山断裂的双重影响,与大地构造关系密切。本群火山锥体虽然大小不一、形态各异,但按锥体形态可将火山锥分为截顶单锥形、复合型、盾形和残余型等四类,其剥蚀程度有明显差异,暗示了火山喷发活动时代的先后关系。锥形及复合型火山位于火山群中部,而盾形火山多沿台地边部分布,残余形火山则分布广泛,表明台地边部火山形成时间较早,晚期火山活动集中于台地中部,而更早期造台地的溢流式拉斑玄武岩喷发规模更大,形成本区基底。达里诺尔火山岩的岩性主要为碧玄岩和碱性玄武岩,少量为粗面玄武岩,虽然SiO_2变化范围较大,但全碱含量变化幅度相对较小,均属钾质系列的碱性火山岩范畴。火山岩斑晶数量少,在镜下为斑状结构,基质多为隐晶质,少量微晶质,明显不同于火山岩之下早期熔岩台地火山岩的基质显晶质结构。火山岩的微量元素呈LREE富集、HREE亏损的右倾型,显示了岩浆低度部分熔融的特征,并且本区与邻区火山岩可能有共同或相似的岩浆源。在岩性相近的基础上,结合火山锥体剥蚀和保留程度显示的火山活动相对时序,暗示本区岩浆成分从碱性玄武质和粗面玄武质逐渐演化为碧玄质,岩浆可能来自软流圈,且来源逐渐变深。  相似文献   

Progress on Sedimentation of Subaqueous Volcanic Eruption     

Jiao Xin  Liu Yiqun  Yang Wan  Zhou Dingwu 《地球科学进展》2017,32(9):926-936

In recent years, more and more originally regarded as black oil and gas-bearing shales have been found, whose formation has close relationship with subaqueous volcanic activities, with much more fundamental research work on tight oil in China. However, our study of sedimentations of subaqueous eruption has not been well studied since their sediments are very tiny, not easy to be sampled, and extremely difficult to differentiate from mud-size clastic sediments. This paper reviewed the advances of the processes of fragmentation, transportation, and deposition of sediments originated by subaqueous eruption, on the basis of publications and research experience on some special intervals in interlaminated shales and dolostones in Permian Lucaogou Formation in Santanghu Basin. Three main features and their implications were documented. ① Minerals in those intervals were angular with a low component maturity, and some of them were shard-like, suggesting volcanic-eruptive origin. ② Intervals were laminated and thin bedded. The former had a sharp erosional base, and was internal normal graded, and showed crude orientation of elongate grains parallel to bedding plane, suggesting deposition of lateral tractive current; the latter showed messy accumulation without internal structure, suggesting deposition of dense granular flow. ③ Intervals were localized and repetitive in stratigraphy, indicating origin from episodic-pulsating volcanic activities. We preliminarily interpreted those intervals as sedimentations of subaqueous volcanic-hydrothermal activities (phreatomagmatic/hydrovolcanic deposition). Then, the relationship of intraclasts, extraclasts, and deep-derived clasts, the difference of sedimentary rocks formed by subaqueous between subaerial eruptions, and the terminology of these eruptive rocks were discussed. Finally, macro to micro scale observation, micro-texture of minerals, attaching importance on hydrothermal exhalative sedimentations, and multidisciplinary studies were suggested for future research on those rocks.  相似文献   

Clarifying the distal to proximal tephrochronology of the Millennium (B–Tm) eruption,Changbaishan Volcano,northeast China     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2016

Tephra dispersed during the Millennium eruption (ME), Changbaishan Volcano, NE China provides one of the key stratigraphic links between Asia and Greenland for the synchronization of palaeoenvironmental records. However, controversy surrounds proximal-distal tephra correlations because (a) the proposed proximal correlatives of the distal ME tephra (i.e. B–Tm) lack an unequivocal chronostratigraphic context, and (b) the ME tephra deposits have not been chemically characterized for a full spectrum of element using grain-specific techniques. Here we present grain-specific glass chemistry, including for the first time, single grain trace element data, for a composite proximal sequence and a distal tephra from Lake Kushu, northern Japan (ca. 1100 km away from Changbaishan). We demonstrate a robust proximal-distal correlation and that the Kushu tephra is chemically associated with the ME/B–Tm. We propose that three of the proximal pyroclastic fall units were erupted as part of the ME. The radiocarbon chronology of the Kushu sedimentary record has been utilised to generate a Bayesian age-depth model, providing an age for the Kushu tephra which is consistent with high resolution ages determined for the eruption and therefore supports our geochemical correlation. Two further Bayesian age-depth models were independently constructed each incorporating one of two ice-core derived ages for the B–Tm tephra, providing Bayesian modelled ages of 933–949 and 944–947 cal AD (95.4%) for the Kushu tephra. The high resolution ice-core tephra ages imported into the deposition models help test and ultimately constrain the radiocarbon chronology in this interval of the Lake Kushu sedimentary record. The observed geochemical diversity between proximal and distal ME tephra deposits clearly evidences the interaction of two compositionally distinct magma batches during this caldera forming eruption.  相似文献