浮力装置触发深海管道水平向整体屈曲效果的数值模拟研究     

曹洋  张淑华  孙林 《海洋通报》2019,38(6):719-726

海洋油气资源的运输主要通过海底管道进行,管道在工作时受到较大的温度荷载,会产生整体屈曲变形。深海管道设计中常采用人为装置触发一定程度的水平向整体屈曲变形,来释放轴向的温度应力,浮力装置是常用的触发方式之一。本文通过数值模拟研究,分析了不同浮力大小和不同浮力施加范围下,管道水平向整体屈曲的临界屈曲力,得出临界屈曲力随浮力大小和施加范围变化的情况;并研究了不同土体阻力下,浮力装置触发整体屈曲的效果。研究表明,水平向土体阻力较大时,浮力装置触发水平向整体屈曲的效果较好。浮力装置的触发效果对轴向土体阻力不敏感。  相似文献   

波浪溢流作用下海堤内坡高性能加筋草皮护坡防侵蚀特征研究     

潘毅  张同鑫  周子骏  陈永平 《海洋工程》2019,37(1):29-36

基于1∶1的大型水槽试验结果,分析了波浪溢流过程中位于海堤内坡的高性能加筋草皮护面的侵蚀特征。试验观察表明试验期间有一定土壤的损失,但护坡无明显的破坏;土面高度测量表明,当土壤流失发展到一定深度后,如果水动力强度变化不大,侵蚀趋于逐渐停止,这种现象称为侵蚀上限;结合试验现象对侵蚀上限进行了初步解释,并讨论了侵蚀上限达到前的侵蚀速率特征;植株密度监测表明,试验期间的草茎密度基本不变,草叶密度在开始几次试验期间持续减小,而后达到一个稳定值,这对于海堤的可持续防护有重要意义。研究成果能够为波浪溢流期间海堤内坡防御的相关研究和工程措施提供参考依据。  相似文献   

Synergetic efficiency of Lidar and WorldView-2 for 3D urban cartography in Northeast Mexico     

Fabiola D. Yépez Rincón  Diego F. Lozano García 《国际地球制图》2019,34(2):164-178

Three-dimensional urban cartography is needed for city changes’ assessment. The variety of studies using 3D calculations of urban elements grows each year. Building and vegetation volumes are necessary to assess and understand spatio-temporal urban changeable environments. However, there are technical questions as to which method can improve 3D urban cartographic accuracy. The innovative part of this current study is the creation of a six-band hybrid obtained from LIDAR and WorldView2 synergy. Two different enhancement algorithms demonstrated the most important spectral features for the urban development and vegetation classes. Results indicated an improvement in accuracy by up to 21.3%, according to the Kappa coefficient. Both infra-red band and intensity band were the most significant, according to the principal components analysis. The synergy delimited classes and polygons, as well as the direct display of information regarding heights of elements and improving the extraction of roads, buildings and vegetation classes.  相似文献   

Long-term soil moisture content estimation using satellite and climate data in agricultural area of Mongolia     

Enkhjargal Natsagdorj  Philippe De Maeyer  Chimgee Dari  Batchuluun Tseveen 《国际地球制图》2019,34(7):722-734

The purpose of this study is to estimate long-term SMC and find its relation with soil moisture (SM) of climate station in different depths and NDVI for the growing season. The study area is located in agricultural regions in the North of Mongolia. The Pearson’s correlation methodology was used in this study. We used MODIS and SPOT satellite data and 14 years data for precipitation, temperature and SMC of 38 climate stations. The estimated SMC from this methodology were compared with SM from climate data and NDVI. The estimated SMC was compared with SM of climate stations at a 10-cm depth (r² = 0.58) and at a 50-cm depth (r² = 0.38), respectively. From the analysis, it can be seen that the previous month’s SMC affects vegetation growth of the following month, especially from May to August. The methodology can be an advantageous indicator for taking further environmental analysis in the region.  相似文献   

随机森林算法在全球干旱评估中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

方秀琴  郭晓萌  袁玲  杨露露  任立良  朱求安 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(6):1040-1049

干旱是发生频率最高,造成社会、经济损失和生态破坏最严重、最广泛的自然灾害之一,因此对干旱进行可靠、有效的评估十分重要.本文以月平均降水、月平均温度、月最高温度、月最低温度、土壤湿度、蒸散发、NDVI、叶绿素荧光等作为解释变量,以基于SPI的干旱等级作为目标变量,采用随机森林算法,以2007-2012年的数据作为训练数据...  相似文献   

人工冻土观测的冻点对应的土壤温度研究     

孙艳云  苗传海  丛郁  王若男  侯畅  韩莹  李琳  肖楠舒 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(3):102-109

基于2018年12月至2020年3月喀左、沈阳、辽阳、满洲里4个国家级地面气象站人工冻土器与测温式冻土自动观测仪观测的资料,对人工冻土观测获得的冻点与测温式冻土自动观测仪获得的相应深度的温度进行对比分析.结果表明:人工冻土器获取的冻点对应的土壤温度与0℃总体一致,又不完全重合;0—35 cm深度范围,冻点对应的温度变化...  相似文献   

基于高光谱技术的黑土地微量金属元素探测方法及地学意义     

王建华  左玲  李志忠  穆华一  周萍  杨佳佳  赵英俊  秦凯 《地质力学学报》2021,27(3):418-429

在土壤中重金属含量较低的情况下,重金属的高光谱特征响应非常微弱,不易构建精确的高光谱直接反演模型.为了解决上述问题,依据土壤化学变量间的理化性质,将重金属富集特征转移到与之相关的化学主量元素上,使重金属微弱的信息得以间接定量反演.文中以海伦市黑土土壤为研究对象,通过主成分分析、 聚类分析确定了主量元素氧化铁(Fe2O3...  相似文献   

四川雪宝顶W-Sn-Be矿床中矿物化学组成及矿床成因     

朱鑫祥  刘琰 《岩矿测试》2021,(2):296-305

雪宝顶矿床位于四川省的松潘甘孜造山带中,以出产大颗粒含W-Sn-Be-F-P的矿物而闻名,前人对该矿床已经开展了大量的研究,但缺乏对粗粒矿物的主次痕量元素研究.本次研究采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、电子探针(EMPA)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术对矿床中各矿物的主次痕量元素进行测试分析.结果显示,雪宝顶矿...  相似文献   

海山富钴结壳标准物质研制   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王毅民  高玉淑  王晓红  张学华  赵宏櫵  刘淑琴  ANDREEVSI 《海洋学报》2007,29(2):82-91

报道了我国与俄罗斯合作研制的三个海山富钴结壳标准物质GSMC-1,2,3.这三个标准物质的原样分别取自西太平洋麦哲伦海山和中太平洋海山.样品经风干、选配、球磨制备成均匀的粉体样品,其均匀性采用高精度的X-射线荧光光谱法检验.样品的化学组分采用国内外多实验室协同分析方式定值,有八个国内实验室和八个国外实验室参加了合作分析.测试组分均为57个,其中GSMC-1,2有43个组分定为保证值,10个组分作为参考值;GSMC-3有45个组分定为保证值,8个组分作为参考值.经2a多的试用,三个标准物质已于2005年被国家计量部门批准为国家一级标准物质,其编号分别为GBW07337,GBW07338和GBW07339.  相似文献   

Impacts of soil fauna on litter decomposition at different succession stages of wetland in Sanjiang Plain, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Haitao Wu  Xianguo Lu  Ming Jiang  Xiao Bao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2009,19(3):258-264

Litter decomposition is the key process in nutrient recycling and energy flow. The present study examined the impacts of soil fauna on decomposition rates and nutrient fluxes at three succession stages of wetland in the Sanjiang Plain, China using different mesh litterbags. The results show that in each succession stage of wetland, soil fauna can obviously increase litter decomposition rates. The average contribution of whole soil fauna to litter mass loss was 35.35%. The more complex the soil fauna group, the more significant the role of soil fauna. The average loss of three types of litter in the 4mm mesh litterbags was 0.3–4.1 times that in 0.058mm ones. The decomposition function of soil fauna to litter mass changed with the wetland succession. The average contribution of soil fauna to litter loss firstly decreased from 34.96% (Carex lasiocapa) to 32.94% (Carex meyeriana), then increased to 38.16% (Calamagrostics angustifolia). The contributions of soil fauna to litter decomposition rates vary according to the litter substrata, soil fauna communities and seasons. Significant effects were respectively found in August and July on C. angustifolia and C. lasiocapa, while in June and August on C. meyeriana. Total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents and the C/N and C/P ratios of decaying litter can be influenced by soil fauna. At different wetland succession stages, the effects of soil fauna on nutrient elements also differ greatly, which shows the significant difference of influencing element types and degrees. Soil fauna communities strongly influenced the TC and TP concentrations of C. meyeriana litter, and TP content of C. lasiocapa. Our results indicate that soil fauna have important effects on litter decomposition and this influence will vary with the wetland succession and seasonal variation. Foundation item: Under the auspices of State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (No. 2009CB421103), Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40830535/D0101), Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-BR-16, KSCX2-YW-N-46-06)  相似文献