NUMERICAL STUDIES OF THE MOMENT CARRYING CAPACITY OF A SHORT PIER FOUNDATION IN A CLAY SOIL     

G. J. W. KING  M. LAMAN 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1996,20(6):431-442

Numerical predictions of the immediate moment carrying capacity of a short pier foundation in saturated clay are presented. Three-dimensional finite element analyses are carried out using linear and non-linear programs and using a linear axi-symmetric program. Preliminary investigations are made to determine suitable boundary distances for analysis at full-scale and size of loading increment for non-linear analyses. Predictions of the behaviour of prototype pier and of conventional and centrifuge models of this pier are then made. It is shown that the axi-symmetric program yields significantly higher rotations per unit moment than the linear three-dimensional program and that, using both of these programs, elastic analyses of the conventional and centrifuge models and of the prototype yield very similar results. It is also shown that non-linear analyses of the conventional and centrifuge models yield significantly different moment/rotation relationship in accordance with the behaviour actually observed in the model tests. The relationship obtained for the centrifuge model is shown to differ only slightly from that obtained for the prototype, due to the boundary restrictions in the model, and to be of the same order as the centrifuge test result at working condition but not at ultimate capacity.  相似文献   

福建湄洲岛对台客运码头淤积分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高智勇  蔡锋和转 《海洋工程》2004,22(3):102-106

以岸滩固定剖面观测、沉积物搬运趋势模型、沙粒捕沙器现场观测为基础,分析造成湄洲岛台客运码头淤积的主要原因。分析结果表明,由于风、浪、流共同作用,码头建成后,在其前缘形成一个淤积区,致使码头的使用受到影响。  相似文献   

破碎波作用下圆端形桥墩受力特性数值模拟     

魏凯  姜沫臣  洪杰 《海洋工程》2021,39(5):111-118

当波浪由外海向跨海桥梁所在的近岸海域传播时,随着水深急剧变浅,波浪会发生破碎。强非线性的破碎波会给桥墩结构带来极大冲击作用。基于计算流体力学(CFD)数值软件Flow-3D建立三维数值水槽,造波边界设为斯托克斯五阶波。通过在数值水槽中建立逐渐浅化的三维地形,采用k-ω湍流模型求解雷诺平均N-S(RANS)方程,模拟破碎波冲击桥墩。与前人水槽试验及数值模拟结果进行比对,验证数值水槽的有效性。采用验证过的数值水槽,研究了不同入射波高和周期下的破碎波浪特性,计算了不同长宽比圆端形桥墩在不同入射波高的破碎波作用下受力和流场变化,讨论了最大压强作用点、准静态力和冲击力随桥墩长宽比的变化规律。研究表明:与前人试验和数值模拟相比,所建立的数值水槽具有较高精度;圆端形桥墩破波力随桥墩长宽比增大,先增大后趋于稳定,破波力峰值随着入射波高的增大而增大,同时,圆端形桥墩破波力峰值主要由冲击力控制。进行跨海桥梁圆端形桥墩设计时,应重点关注桥墩长宽比和破碎波冲击力的影响。  相似文献   

考虑波流影响的深水群桩基础桥墩地震反应分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈国兴  白德贵  王志华 《地震工程与工程振动》2008,28(5)

用基于ABAQUS软件为平台的平行计算技术,对考虑波流影响的地基土-群桩-桥墩体系进行三维非线性地震反应数值模拟,土体和墩台以八节点等参单元离散,桩以梁单元离散,采用土体黏塑性记忆型嵌套面本构模型描述土的动力特性,采用动力塑性损伤模型描述混凝土的动力特性;基于Morison公式,采用Stokes五阶波浪理论描述表面波流,波浪力以分布力的形式施加于桥墩之上,分析了考虑和不考虑波流作用时不同地震动作用下群桩基础桥墩的地震反应特性,结果表明:波流作用对桩体加速度反应的影响很小,但对桩体相对位移和弯矩的影响显著,波流作用使桩体弯矩和顺流向的相对位移增大、逆流向的相对位移减小,其影响幅度随流速的增大而增大,波流作用与输入地震动特性密切相关。考虑波流作用对深水大型桥梁群桩基础桥墩地震反应的影响是有必要的。  相似文献   

Response of pendulums to complex input ground motion   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Vladimir Graizer  Erol Kalkan   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(8):621-631

Dynamic response of most seismological instruments and many engineering structures to ground shaking can be represented via response of a pendulum (single-degree-of-freedom oscillator). In most studies, pendulum response is simplified by considering the input from uni-axial translational motion alone. Complete ground motion however, includes not only translational components but also rotations (tilt and torsion). In this paper, complete equations of motion for three following types of pendulum are described: (i) conventional (mass-on-rod), (ii) mass-on-spring type, and (iii) inverted (astatic), then their response sensitivities to each component of complex ground motion are examined. The results of this study show that a horizontal pendulum similar to an accelerometer used in strong motion measurements is practically sensitive to translational motion and tilt only, while inverted pendulum commonly utilized to idealize multi-degree-of-freedom systems is sensitive not only to translational components, but also to angular accelerations and tilt. For better understanding of the inverted pendulum's dynamic behavior under complex ground excitation, relative contribution of each component of motion on response variants is carefully isolated. The systematically applied loading protocols indicate that vertical component of motion may create time-dependent variations on pendulum's oscillation period; yet most dramatic impact on response is produced by the tilting (rocking) component.  相似文献   

基于干接缝单元的预制拼装桥墩抗震性能数值模拟     

赵建锋  孟庆一 《地震工程与工程振动》2020,(2):111-122

为克服利用OpenSEES进行预制拼装桥墩纤维模型分析时干接缝区域模拟困难的问题,提出一种由刚性单元、非线性梁柱单元、零长度单元配合ENT单压材料组成的干接缝单元。通过基于干接缝单元的纤维模型数值模拟结果与文献中的1:3.5缩尺桥墩拟静力试验结果对比发现:该干接缝单元不仅解决了墩身混凝土压溃带来的模型不收敛问题,而且考虑了墩身节段宽度对干接缝区域的影响,使预制拼装桥墩干接缝处的力学性能更接近实际的力学性能;数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好证明了该干接缝单元用于模拟预制拼装桥墩干接缝区域的可行性。在此基础上设置耗能钢筋、外包钢管和墩底橡胶支承垫层作为桥墩附加耗能装置,对预制拼装桥墩进行拟静力循环加载模拟,研究不同耗能装置对预制拼装桥墩的滞回能力、预应力筋内力、累积耗能、残余位移以及等效刚度等性能参数的影响。结果表明:设置耗能钢筋和外包钢管可以显著提高预制拼装桥墩的耗能能力、水平承载力和刚度,降低预应力损失;设置墩底橡胶支承垫层也能提高预制拼装桥墩的耗能能力,但会降低桥墩的水平承载力和刚度,应根据桥墩自身刚度谨慎选择橡胶垫层的刚度。  相似文献   

自复位高墩振动台模型试验          下载免费PDF全文

夏修身  唐径遥  韦性涵  张颖周 《世界地震工程》2020,(1):109-117

为探讨自复位桥墩的地震反应,以某简支梁桥为工程背景,设计并制作了一个缩尺的模型桥梁。通过白噪声扫频获得了自复位桥墩的动力特性及其变化规律,选取El-Centro、Mexico和Chi-Chi强震记录作为地震动输入,进行振动台模型试验。试验记录了墩顶的加速度和位移反应,考查了地震动强度、频谱特性及预应力钢筋及其初始预加力对模型桥墩动力特性及摇摆反应的影响。试验结果表明:墩顶水平加速度反应随地震动强度及初始预加力的提高而增大,墩顶位移反应受地震动的强度、频谱特性及初始预加力大小影响较大。墩底提离面轻微损伤会明显降低体系的整体水平刚度,初始预加力则能提高体系整体水平刚度,桥墩的阻尼比随体系的水平刚度增大而减小。强震下自复位桥墩发生了预期的提离摇摆,震后墩底提离面出现轻微损伤,墩身无裂缝产生,结构具有良好的抗震及自复位性能。振动台试验结果验证已有文献的数值分析结论,振动台试验数据可用于数值模型校核或修正。  相似文献   

Characterization of horseshoe vortex in a developing scour hole at a cylindrical bridge pier   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dawei Guan  Yee-Meng Chiew  Maoxing Wei  Shih-Chun Hsieh 《国际泥沙研究》2019,34(2):118-124

Since local scour at bridge piers in rivers and estuaries is a major cause of bridge failure, estimation of the maximum local scour depth is of great importance to hydraulic and coastal engineers. Although numerous studies that focus on scour-depth prediction have been done and published, understanding of the flow and turbulence characteristics of the horseshoe vortex that drives the scour mechanism in a developing scour hole still is immature. This study aims to quantify the detailed turbulent flow field in a developing clear-water scour hole at a circular pier using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The distributions of velocity fields, turbulence intensities, and Reynolds shear stresses of the horseshoe vortex that form in front of the pier at different scour stages (t=0, 0.5, 1, 12, 24, and 48 h) are presented in this paper. During scour development, the horseshoe vortex system was found to evolve from one initially small vortex to three vortices. The strength and size of the main vortex are found to increase with increasing scour depth. The regions of both the maximum turbulence intensity and Reynolds shear stress are found to form at a location upstream of the main vortex, where the large turbulent eddies have the highest possibility of occurrence. Results from this study not only provide new insight into the complex flow-sediment interaction at bridge piers, but also provide valuable experimental databases for advanced numerical simulations.  相似文献   

隔震支墩长细比研究     

宋晓春  宋廷苏 《震灾防御技术》2020,15(2):317-328

《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB 50011—2010）（中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部等,2016）中第12.2.9条第2款规定隔震层应满足嵌固刚度比要求,此要求使隔震支墩长细比较小,须单独增设1个隔震层,增加了结构造价,在一定程度上限制了隔震技术的应用。本文利用ANSYS软件分别对无隔震支座、常规隔震、柱顶隔震、柱底隔震4种方案的相同建筑进行地震时程反应分析及对比。结果表明,柱顶隔震、柱底隔震方案可行,隔震支墩长细比能达到普通层柱长细比,可推动隔震技术在多层建筑特别是学校、医院等建筑中的应用,提高隔震建筑经济性,为《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB 50011—2010）的修订提供一定理论依据。  相似文献   

Shaking table tests of a reinforced concrete bridge pier with a low-cost sliding pendulum system     

Miguel B. Brito  Hiroki Ishibashi  Mitsuyoshi Akiyama 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(3):366-386

After the occurrence of various destructive earthquakes in Japan, extensive efforts have been made to improve the seismic performance of bridges. Although improvements to the ductile capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers have been developed over the past few decades, seismic resilience has not been adequately ensured. Simple ductile structures are not robust and exhibit a certain level of damage under extremely strong earthquakes, leading to large residual displacements and higher repair costs, which incur in societies with less-effective disaster response and recovery measures. To ensure the seismic resilience of bridges, it is necessary to continue developing the seismic design methodology of RC bridges by exploring new concepts while avoiding the use of expensive materials. Therefore, to maximize the postevent operability, a novel RC bridge pier with a low-cost sliding pendulum system is proposed. The seismic force is reduced as the upper component moves along a concave sliding surface atop the lower component of the RC bridge pier. No replaceable seismic devices are included to lengthen the natural period; only conventional concrete and steel are used to achieve low-cost design solutions. The seismic performance was evaluated through unidirectional shaking table tests. The experimental results demonstrated a reduction in the shear force transmitted to the substructure, and the residual displacement decreased by establishing an adequate radius of the sliding surface. Finally, a nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed to estimate the seismic response of the proposed RC bridge pier.  相似文献