草莓状黄铁矿微晶形态和成分的地质意义——以栖霞组含泥灰岩为例     

李洪星  陆现彩  边立曾  马野牧  张雪芬  张壮志  丁子建 《矿物学报》2012,32(3):443-448

在湖北省京山县雁门口地区二叠世栖霞组上部的含泥灰岩中发现棘皮动物化石,其腔被不同形态微晶的草莓状黄铁矿充填,有正四面体、正六面体、五角十二面体和近球体。溶解氧与草莓状黄铁矿的形成过程有关,其浓度决定微晶的S/Fe。统计显示,黄铁矿的S/Fe平均值随微晶的边数增加而增加,所以,棘皮动物腔内草莓状黄铁矿形成由早及晚的次序为：近球体微晶,五角十二面体微晶,正六面体微晶,正四面体微晶的草莓状黄铁矿。同一环境中,黄铁矿微晶的S/Fe可用来指示形成次序。  相似文献   

新构造运动影响下的雅鲁藏布江水系发育和河流地貌特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

余国安  王兆印  刘乐  黄河清  巩同梁 《水科学进展》2012,23(2):163-169

雅鲁藏布江(雅江)水系发育和河流地貌演变受新构造运动的强烈影响。通过野外调查,结合SRTM(航天飞机雷达地形测绘使命)数据分析和Google Earth三维地图功能,对雅江河网形态及河流地貌特征进行了分析,并采用EH4电磁成像系统测量了雅江及其支流宽谷河道淤沙深度。研究发现,雅江河网呈现格状水系特点,同时具有枝状河网的拓扑性质,这主要是由于新构造运动的影响,河网发育过程中受到南北向挤压和东西向拉伸所至。青藏高原阶段性不均匀抬升形成了宽窄相间的藕节状河道形态,宽阔河段河道为辫状河型,而窄深河段为深切的V型河谷、单一顺直河型,纵剖面上构成裂点。裂点河段地块相对上升较快,阻滞了水流和泥沙,上游河段大量卵石和泥沙在河谷里淤积深达800多米,形成了平整而宽阔的U型河谷。整个雅江宽谷段泥沙淤积量约0.9万亿m³。  相似文献   

Provenance and sediment characteristics of contemporary gravel deposits at Sellicks Beach,eastern shore of Gulf St Vincent,South Australia     

J. H. Cann  C. S. Lower  J. B. Jago 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):819-836

Sellicks Beach, located on the eastern shore of Gulf St Vincent, South Australia, is subject to wave-dominated processes and northward longshore transport. During winter, when wave energy is typically vigorous, gravel deposits are exposed across most of the beach, and three step-like berms are well developed. Sand is restricted to a narrow strip that is exposed only at low tide. In contrast, during summer, when wave energy is generally moderate to low, much of the gravel is covered by a thin veneer of sand and only the high berm, on the landward edge of the beach, remains as an obvious feature. Steeply dipping Neoproterozoic to Cambrian strata that outcrop strongly across Sellicks Hill are the original source rocks for the beach gravel; distinctive sedimentary textures, structures and fossils in the cobble-size clasts can be confidently matched with those of the provenance rocks. Much of the sediment entered the modern beach environment as a consequence of coastal erosion of transitional alluvial fan sediments. The oldest alluvial fan sediments are of late Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene age. Mount Terrible Gully provides a conduit for the input of fluvial sediment at the mouth of Cactus Canyon, where clasts as large as boulders accumulate across the beach. Sellicks Beach gravels are subject to longshore transport northwards. Relatively softer clasts, such as those derived from the Heatherdale Shale, are rare beyond Cactus Canyon. In contrast, quartzite clasts are more abundant towards the north. This lithological differentiation is attributed to preferential survivorship of clasts that are physically harder and chemically less reactive. The change in the shapes of clasts northwards, from predominately shingle-like ‘very platy’ and ‘very bladed’ at Cactus Canyon, to more ‘compact’ towards the boat ramp, is in accord with the more massive fabric of the surviving quartzite clasts. At Sellicks Beach, preservation of uplifted, coarse gravels, with entire and comminuted marine molluscan shells, of last interglacial age, provides evidence of neotectonism. At the landward margin of the beach, imbricated gravels in which pore spaces have been infilled with mud, and which show no evidence of modern coastal erosion, may provide evidence of continuing uplift during the recent Holocene. The geological setting, geomorphic framework and modern sedimentary regime at Sellicks Beach combine to provide an exceptionally useful outdoor laboratory for education in field geology.  相似文献   

Seismotectonic versus man-induced morphological changes in a cave on the Arrábida chain (Portugal)     

José António Crispim 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(3-4):135-142

Abstract

Distinctions between cave morphologies originating from seismic or active tectonics and those generated by natural clastic breakdown or by human activity must be made using unambiguous interpretative criteria.

Easily accessible caves in particular, which may have been visited for centuries or millennia, or caves located near engineering works or quarries using great quantities of explosives, may have broken speleothems, breakdowns or detachment joints unrelated to seismic events or tectonic movements.

Zambujal cave lies near neotectonic and seismic structures associated with a Plio-Quatemary 200 m uplift of the Arrábida chain and has suffered impacts resulting from quarrying, followed by possible vandalism. It is thus an example for which it is difficult to decipher morphological agents as there is the possibility that identical forms have been generated by several causes, which may have repeated at different episodes of its evolution. However, a careful morphological interpretation makes it possible to accept the existence of two seismic episodes, an “ancient” one and a “modern” one. The detection of other episodes between these is only possible using absolute dating. © Elsevier, Paris  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal variability of bedload transport rate: analysis and 2D modelling approach     

《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(1-2):67-79

Field measurements to calibrate numerical bedload formulae are largely missing. Measurements using a Large Helley-Smith sampler were performed over a period of five years in the large Alpine Drau River, Austria. Our results reveal the high spatio-temporal variability of bedload transport rates. Commonly used bedload predictors poorly describe measured transport rates. Temporal and localised cross-sectional variation in bedload transport rates are observed in short time frames. To obtain significant mean values, the measurement period has to be extended to cover the existing bedload transport periodicity. The discrepancy between bedload transport measurements and simulation is partially explained by local hydraulic variations. The results can be improved, particularly for verticals where most of the bedload occurs, by relating measured transport rates to local hydraulic parameters. The incorporation of local cross-sectional parameters demonstrates the utility of 2D bedload models and their greater predictive power over similar 1D models.  相似文献   

Adjusting Chlorine Dosage and to Prevent Bio‐Growth and Minimize Trihalomethanes in Reverse Osmosis Filtrate in a Wastewater Reclamation Process     

Yi‐Che Hsu  Yu‐Hsuan Wang  Shuo‐Chuan Wu  Chuen‐Mei Wu  Ching‐Ping Chu  Yu‐Jen Chung  Yong‐Tang Huang  Kuo‐Liang Wang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(3):254-261

Feasibility of effluent reclamation for the Futian municipal WWTP in Taichung Taiwan was evaluated using an “SF‐UF‐RO” pilot plant. The optimal parameters of each unit were obtained during the pilot plant test. The pilot plant started the operation in late October 2008 and operated until January 2011. The reverse osmosis (RO) system produces 75 m³ water daily, and the produced water quality was comparable to the city water in Taichung. Chlorine dosed in the sand filtration (SF) inlet and ultrafiltration (UF) backwash had the most significant effect on the stability of system performance. When the chlorine was underdosed, biofilm clogged the bag filter (prefilter of UF) and led to the flow rate decay of the UF. The prefilter needed replacement every 1 or 2 weeks resulting in increased process cost. On the other hand, when the chlorine dosage was increased to mitigate the biofilm growth, the residual chlorine not only reacted with TOC and derived trihalomethanes (THMs) in the RO product water (more than 20 µg/L), but it also damaged the RO membrane. After trial and error, the chlorine concentration was optimized as 0.7 mg/L in SF inlet to prevent growth of biofilm as well as to control the residual chlorine in the RO inlet and THMs in the RO product water. It is suggested that cautiously adjusting chlorine dosage is essential for stably operating such a hybrid membrane system to reclaim the municipal wastewater.  相似文献   

天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川退缩地植物群落演替规律及机理研究     

刘光琇  李师翁  伍修锟  张昺林  张宝贵  龙昊知  台喜生  李忠勤 《冰川冻土》2012,34(5):1134-1141

以空间代时间的方法, 研究了天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川退缩地植物群落的演替. 结果表明, 1号冰川退缩地现代冰期冰碛物上共出现被子植物15科50种, 以菊科、 禾本科、 石竹科和莎草科为主. 植物群落演替可明显分为4个阶段, 并且表现出菊科→石竹科→禾本科→莎草科的基本演替规律. 在时间序列上, 物种数、 物种丰富度、 物种个体数、 多样性指数和群落盖度等重要值都与演替时间呈显著正相关. 该区域内植物种的分布主要受风力种子传播驱动, 种子小而多、 易于通过风力传播、 且株型低矮抗逆性强的植物种类优先出现, 而土壤发育程度则是植物群落演替的直接决定因素.  相似文献   

黑河下游典型生态系统水分补给源及优势植物水分来源研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

尹力  赵良菊  阮云峰  肖洪浪  程国栋  周茅先  王芳  李彩芝 《冰川冻土》2012,34(6):1478-1486

通过对黑河源区降水、 黑河下游河岸林生态系统、 人工梭梭林生态系统梭梭及戈壁红砂生态系统土壤水和浅层地下水稳定氢氧同位素组成(δD、 δ¹⁸O)的测定, 对黑河下游典型生态系统土壤水和浅层地下水的补给源进行了研究. 同时通过对比分析河岸林生态系统胡杨和柽柳、 人工梭梭林生态系统梭梭及戈壁红砂生态系统红砂等优势植物根系水及其对应的土壤水及浅层地下水的δ¹⁸O, 对黑河下游典型荒漠植物水分来源进行了研究, 并对不同潜在水源对植物水分来源的贡献率进行了计算. 结果表明: 河岸林生态系统和人工梭梭林生态系统的土壤水和浅层地下水来自黑河源区的降水, 源区降水通过黑河河道输水补给河岸林进而形成土壤水和浅层地下水, 但人工梭梭林的土壤水蒸发作用强烈. 戈壁红砂生态系统由于远离黑河, 土壤水不受黑河源区中上游输水的补给. 就植物水分来源而言, 在河岸林生态系统中, 乔木胡杨主要利用40~60 cm的土壤水和地下水, 灌木柽柳主要利用40~80 cm的土壤水; 人工梭梭主要利用200 cm至饱和层土壤水和地下水; 戈壁红砂主要利用175~200 cm的土壤水. 因此, 在黑河下游极端干旱区, 土壤水和地下水是维持荒漠植物生存、 生长及发育的主要来源.  相似文献   

基于投影寻踪学习网络算法的植物群落高分遥感分类研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杜欣  黄晓霞  李红旮  沈利强 《地球信息科学学报》2016,18(1):124-132

传统的植物群落调查方法主要是野外样地调查和抽样统计,其对于地形复杂的区域难以做到对数据的全面调查;将遥感技术应用于植物群落调查,可实现数据的全面获取,以及对植物群落的快速分类。在深圳市植物群落野外样地调查的基础上,本文应用高分辨率Pléiades影像,结合光谱、地形及纹理信息,采用投影寻踪学习网络的方法,实现了深圳市东部地区植物分类。在实验中,选取人工林和次生林中典型群落样本,将投影寻踪与学习网络算法结合应用于植被分类,通过分类结果与经典监督分类方法比较表明,该算法应用于植物群落分类是可行的;并且该算法分类精度高,更新速度快,能满足深圳市重点项目基本生态控制线专项调查的要求。  相似文献   

Degradation of organic matter from wastewater using advanced primary treatment by O3 and O3/UV in a pilot plant     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

The oxidation of organic matter from wastewater using ozone, ultraviolet radiation and ozone/UV oxidation was evaluated in a pilot plant, applying a continuous effluent arising from the Autonomous Metropolitan University wastewater treatment plant. The oxidation was measured as the efficiency to remove organic load, measured as chemical oxygen demand. The use of ozone and UV was evaluated separately and in combination through a continuous process. Three different ozone doses (0.6–1.2 mg O₃/L) and three different UV radiation fluencies (6.7–20.12 mJ/cm²) were assessed. A synergistic effect of the combined process ozone/UV was demonstrated, and a maximal chemical oxygen demand reduction was achieved both processes. Due to residence times used (less than 1 min), 36% of chemical oxygen demand reduction was obtained when ozone treatment was evaluate separately and only 9% using ultraviolet radiation.  相似文献