沪杭苏地区若干文化遗址的孢粉——气候对应分析   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

刘会平  王开发 《地理科学》1998,18(4):368-373

运用对应分析方法研究沪、杭、苏地区三个文化遗址孢粉与气候的关系。结果表明,马家浜文化期和崧泽文化期（属全世新大西洋期）比较温暖,年平均温度比今高１￣３℃,而良渚文化期（属全新世亚北方期）相对凉爽,年平均温度比今低１．５℃左右。年降水量各有所不同,但以马爱浜期末和崧泽期最为潮湿,年平均降水量比今高１５０￣３００ｍｍ。  相似文献   

A late Holocene pollen record of deforestation and environmental change from the Lake Tauanui catchment, Northland, New Zealand     

M. B. Elliot  J. R. Flenley  D. G. Sutton 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1998,19(1):23-32

Late Holocene pollen and sediment records from the Lake Tauanui catchment, northern New Zealand, indicate that the lake formed about 5500 years ago following a series of volcanic events in the Tauanui Volcanic Centre. These volcanic events initiated a volcanosere resulting in a mixed conifer-hardwood forest. Dacrydium cupressinum was the dominant tree. Agathis australis was always present. Changes similar to those registered in other Northland pollen diagrams are apparent. At ca 4000 yr B.P., when the climate became cooler and drier than before, a fire occurred in the catchment area causing erosion of the surrounding slopes and some destruction of forest. Fluctuations in abundance of many forest species, including Ascarina lucida, A. australis and D. cupressinum, from ca 3500 yr B.P. indicate repeated disturbance, increasingly so after 1600 yr B.P. Summer droughts and increased frequency of cyclonic winds are suggested as the cause. Major anthropogenic deforestation events defined by palynology occurred across many parts of the New Zealand landscape at ca 700 yr B.P. At Lake Tauanui anthropogenic forest disturbance, radiocarbon dated to ca 1000 yr B.P., is indicated by significant decline in all tree and shrub elements with concomitant increase in pteridophytes, especially Pteridium esculentum. Charcoal concentration increases steadily from the onset of disturbance, and in the final phase after the arrival of Europeans, major clearance of vegetation is indicated. Herbs increase markedly in this period, in diversity and abundance.  相似文献   

Peatland Initiation During the Holocene in Continental Western Canada   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Linda A. Halsey  Dale H. Vitt  Ilka E. Bauer 《Climatic change》1998,40(2):315-342

Today, the southern limit of peatlands in continental western Canada is largely limited by thermal seasonal aridity, although physiographic parameters of substrate texture, topography, and salinity also exsert important controls on the presence and absence of peatlands. Factors that control peatland distribution today also operated in the past, thus the initiation of peatlands during the Holocene was mainly limited by aridity and physiography. Calibrated radiocarbon dates of basal peat deposits from 90 locations across continental western Canada indicate that peat formation began approximately 8,000 to 9,000 years BP in nucleation zones along the upper elevations of the Montane region of Alberta and in northern Alberta uplands after an initial deglacial lag. Predictions of maximum early Holocene summer insolation by climate simulations provide a mechanism for limiting peatland establishment during the early Holocene. From 6,000 to 8,000 years ago, peat formation in continental western Canada expanded eastwards into Manitoba responding to decreases in summer insolation. Peatland expansion during the early Holocene was more extensive in Alberta than in Manitoba in response to a southwesterly shift in the Arctic front. The displacement of the Arctic front allowed for more frequent incursions of moist Pacific air into Alberta while limiting it in Manitoba. After 6,000 years BP, the trend of southeasterly peatland expansion continued. Peatlands are youngest in the southern Boreal Forest and Aspen Parkland Region as well as in the lower elevations of the Peace-Wapiti River drainage basin, forming over the last 3,000 to 4,000 years. Peatlands are also young in the lower elevations of the Hudson Bay Lowlands where peat initiation has been limited by timing of emergence from glacial rebound. The spatial and temporal distribution of peatland initiation during the Holocene is verified by existing pollen records and corroborates some simulated climate models.  相似文献   

西昆仑山甜水海24万年以来生态环境演化的孢粉学证据   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘光秀 《冰川冻土》1998,20(1):21-24

西昆仑山甜水海深５６．３２的钻孔岩芯孢粉记录表明,本地区２４０ｋａＢＰ以来,高寒荒漠植被一直占主导地位,但其嶂有草原成分蒿墙加的若干波动,它反映了寒冷干昌气候背影下的湿润温和波动,亦反映了生态环境的脆弱性。  相似文献   

云南鹤庆古湖晚更新世的孢粉记录及其古气候学意义   总被引：25，自引：7，他引：18       下载免费PDF全文

羊向东  王苏民  童国榜  吴敬禄  蒋雪中 《第四纪研究》1998,18(4):335-343

本文通过鹤庆古湖沉积物的孢粉记录对该区晚更新世的古植被和古气候进行了恢复。该区末次间冰期和末次冰期内部气候波动性特点与深海氧同位素记录有着较好的可比性,反映在全球变化的背景上,气候的不稳定性同样在本区有明显的响应。而且不同季风区气候资料对比也表明,本区冷湿和暖干的气候组合具有明显的区域特征,末次冰期该区夏季锋面降水增多,而间冰期则与之相反。造成这种区域环境效应的原因,与西南季风区大气环流的复杂性、云贵高原的地貌部位以及由青藏高原地表反照率引起的热力学和动力学过程有关。  相似文献   

天山乌鲁木齐河源区大西沟表土花粉散布特征   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：13  

杨振京  孔昭宸  阎顺  倪健  马克平  许清海 《干旱区地理》2004,27(4):543-547

在天山乌鲁木齐河源区大西沟垂直植被带表土孢粉分析及植被调查的基础上，对大西沟垂直带的植被与表土孢粉的关系进行了探讨。从表土孢粉百分比含量可划分出4个孢粉带，其对应的植被带分别为高山垫状植被、高山草甸、亚高山草甸和云杉(Picea)林带。孢粉百分含量基本上反映了大西沟地区垂直植被带分布的特征。云杉、麻黄(Ephedra)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)和蒿属(Artemisia)等植物花粉明显表现为超代表性。山谷上升气流在天山山地垂直植被带的表土孢粉散布中起着重要的作用。  相似文献   

松粉热解脂肪酸生物标志物的特征及其地球化学意义     

吉利明  陈践发  郑建京 《高校地质学报》2002,8(2):141-151

现代松粉的温－压热模拟实验中，产出的轻质烃和氯仿抽提物芳烃馏份的GC－MS分析均检出大量偶数碳优势明显的脂肪酸类分子生物标志物，轻烃主要为C16，C18烷酸及其甲，乙酯，芳烃组分相对比较复杂，包括饱和脂肪酸（酯），不饱和脂肪酸（酯）和脂肪酸内酯，前者碳数分布为C15－，C30，C16，C18碳酸（酯）相对丰度占绝对优势为特征，后者碳数分布为C20-C30,以C26，C28和C30脂肪酸内酯为主，在250℃以下样品中检测出相对丰度较高的不饱和C18碳酸（酯），脂肪酸酯化合物在极低的温度条件下便可排出，并分别在200－300℃和300－400℃之间形成两次产出高峰；花粉内质体中的游离态脂肪酸及不饱和脂肪酸形成低温阶段的第一次高峰；花粉壁脂质结构中的脂肪酸及饱和脂肪酸在较高温度阶段形成第二次高峰，原样及低温样品以脂肪酸酯为主，250℃及其以上温度条件下因水解产生较多的脂肪酸，随温率继续升高，脂肪酸酯易发生脱羰反应而生成链烷烃。400℃以后因强烈降解脂肪酸酯含量大大降低，这与350－450℃之间奇数碳优势正构烷烃在轻质烃和饱和烃中的大量产出相吻合，研究表明，植物花粉是沉积有机质中饱和及不饱和C16，C18脂肪酸酯的重要母源之一。  相似文献   

江苏淮安地区上白垩统含盐地层孢粉组合序列     

杨学英  周山富 《地层学杂志》2002,26(3):193-196,210,T004

江苏淮安地区上白垩统含盐地层含有丰富的孢粉化石 ,可划分为 3个孢粉组合 :第 孢粉组合为 Clas-sopollis- Quantonenpollenites组合 ;第 孢粉组合为 Classopollis- Lythraites组合 ,这二个组合的地质时代均为土伦期 ;第 孢粉组合为 Schizaeoisporites- Beaupreaidites组合 ,时代为土伦晚期—桑顿期。当地此时为干旱炎热的亚热带—热带气侯。  相似文献   

亚洲热带山地垂直植被带对晚第四纪气候变化的响应   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

郑卓 《地理研究》1999,18(1):96-104

过去一直认为热带低海拔地区晚更新世冰期的地表气温基本维持不变。孢粉分析、树线等研究结果证明,从南半球的新几内亚和赤道附近的苏门达腊,一直到我国的热带山地在末次盛冰期垂直植被带下降了500m～1600m不等。植被带的下降不仅仅与温度变化有关,其他的综合因素如高海拔紫外线辐射、大气CO₂浓度等都可能共同影响垂直植被带的分布。综合研究认为,整个亚洲地区年均温度平均下降约4℃的结果与热带非洲和美洲基本一致,并与近两年来热带海洋表层水温的研究结果和近期的气候模拟结果相吻合。  相似文献   

Late glacial — early holocene palaeosalinity in Alberta,Canada — climate implications     

Michael Hickman  Charles E. Schweger 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1993,8(2):149-161

Palaeolimnological and palynological records from climatically variable central Alberta, Canada, document periods of hypersaline lake conditions indicative of late glacial and early Holocene drought. The sensitivity of palaeolimnological indicators for inferring palaeoclimates is examined by comparing records from two sites at opposite ends of the regional precipitation gradient. Palaeosalinity is identified by the presence of Ruppia pollen, a hypersaline aquatic plant not presently growing in either lake, and diatom assemblages comprising both saline epipelic and planktonic species. Goldeye Lake (52° 27 N; 116° 12 W), in the relatively moist Rocky Mountain Foothills remained saline from its inception before ca 14500 years BP until ca 10400 years BP by which time pioneering forests had replaced tundra vegetation; however, freshwater planktonic diatoms dominated ca 12500 to 11500 years BP. However, dating problems endemic to the Foothills region make this chronology only tentative. Moore Lake (54° 30 N; 110° 30 N), in dry, east-central Alberta contained Ruppia only between ca 9000 and 6000 years BP. Freshwater diatoms dominated until ca 10000 years BP when they were succeeded by taxa characteristic of saline water. The lake remained saline until ca 6000 years BP. The late glacial period of palaeosalinity at Goldeye Lake occurred because the lake was surrounded by Cordilleran and Laurentide glacial ice, and therefore, cut off from moisture sources until the early Holocene by which time significant ice recession had occurred. Factors causing the second period of salinity remain unknown at this time. In contrast, by the early Holocene, Moore Lake was influenced by drought caused by high summer insolation induced by orbital fluctuations. Freshwater conditions were maintained through the Holocene in the Foothills region of west-central Alberta, but occurred consistently only over the last 4000 years in central and east-central Alberta. The warmer, drier climate during the early Holocene did affect lake levels in at least one headwater Foothills lake (Fairfax Lake — 52° 58 N; 116° 34 W). The severity of the drought increased in an easterly direction across the province.This publication is the fourth of a series of papers presented at the Conference on Sedimentary and Palaeolimnological Records of Saline Lakes. This Conference was held August 13–16, 1991 at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. Dr. Evans is serving as Guest Editor.  相似文献