半空间埋置动点源荷载问题的传递矩阵法     

周海林 《岩土工程技术》2004,18(2):55-58

引用了流体饱和两相多孔介质的动力控制方程分析半空间埋置动点源荷载问题的位移和变形。经过Laplace Hankel变换 ,控制方程化成常微分方程组。利用数学软件mathmatic对上述方程组求解 ,可以得到单层砂土的传递矩阵。分析过程中 ,假设在两层面上 ,位移与应力相互连续 ,可以借鉴有限元的思想进行耦合计算。这样就获得了在饱和砂土中施加竖向动荷载问题的Laplace Hankel变换解 ,其最终的解还需要通过Laplace Hankel逆变换得到  相似文献   

岩质高边坡岩体变形参数及松弛带厚度研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

聂德新 《地球科学进展》2004,19(3):472-477

预测岩质高边坡开挖后岩体变形模量的变化及松弛带厚度，是分析岩质高边坡在开挖后变形（位移）和作好防护设计的重要资料，运用波动力学关于平均应力与体积模量、岩体纵波速度与弹性模量、变形模量间的关系，通过部分实测资料及边坡应力场有限元分析的资料，分别建立了纵波速度与岩体变形模、岩体应力间的关系，研究了开挖边坡岩体变形模量的变化，预测了岩体松弛带的厚度。  相似文献   

基坑开挖与土钉支护的数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘志凯  郑毅  左广州 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2004,(Z1)

运用FLAC程序对深基坑土钉墙支护设计进行了数值模拟,分析了边壁土体的变形大小和土钉应力分布,并与现场实测结果对比,得出基坑顶的水平位移值与实测值相差不大,并对差值进行了分析。在应力方面,改善了土体内应力集中的现象,从而制约了土体的变形。剪应力在支护结构和坡角处有集中现象,在坡角处较为严重。  相似文献   

Experimental research on reservoir sensitivity to stress and impacts on productivity in Kela 2 Gas Field     

Sun Longde  Song Wenjie  Jiang Tongwen 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(Z2)

Kela 2 Gas Field, with high formation pressure (74.35MPa), high pressure coefficient (2.022) and difficulty of potential test and evaluation, is the largest integrated proved dry gas reservoir in China so far and the principal source for West-East Gas Development Project. In order to correctly evaluate the elastic-plastic deformation of rocks caused by the pressure decline during production, some researches, as the experiment on reservoir sensitivity to stress of gas filed with abnormal high pressure, are made. By testing the rock mechanic properties, porosities and permeabilities at different temperature and pressure of 342 core samples from 5 wells in this area, the variations of petro-physical properties at changing pressure are analyzed, and the applicable inspection relationship is concluded. The average productivity curve with the reservoir sensitivity to stress is plotted on the basis of the research, integrated with the field-wide productivity equation. The knowledge lays a foundation for the gas well productivity evaluation in the field and the gas field development plan, and provides effective techniques and measures for basic research on the development of similar gas fields.  相似文献   

Are open fractures necessarily aligned with maximum horizontal stress?     

Stephen E Laubach  Jon E Olson  Julia F.W Gale 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,222(1):191-195

Fluid flow in fractured rock is an increasingly central issue in recovering water and hydrocarbon supplies and geothermal energy, in predicting flow of pollutants underground, in engineering structures, and in understanding large-scale crustal behaviour. Conventional wisdom assumes that fluids prefer to flow along fractures oriented parallel or nearly parallel to modern-day maximum horizontal compressive stress, or S_Hmax. The reasoning is that these fractures have the lowest normal stresses across them and therefore provide the least resistance to flow. For example, this view governs how geophysicists design and interpret seismic experiments to probe fracture fluid pathways in the deep subsurface. Contrary to these widely held views, here we use core, stress measurement, and fluid flow data to show that S_Hmax does not necessarily coincide with the direction of open natural fractures in the subsurface (>3 km depth). Consequently, in situ stress direction cannot be considered to predict or control the direction of maximum permeability in rock. Where effective stress is compressive and fractures are expected to be closed, chemical alteration dictates location of open conduits, either preserving or destroying fracture flow pathways no matter their orientation.  相似文献   

Evidence for freeze–thaw events and their implications for rock weathering in northern Canada     

Kevin Hall 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(1):43-57

Discussions regarding weathering in cold environments generally centre on mechanical processes and on the freeze–thaw mechanism in particular. Despite the almost ubiquitous assumption of freeze–thaw weathering, unequivocal proof of interstitial rock water actually freezing and thawing is singularly lacking. Equally, many studies have used the crossing of 0 °C, or values close to that, as the basis for determining the number of ‘freeze–thaw events’. In order to assess the weathering regime at a site in northern Canada, temperatures were collected at the surface, 1 cm and 3 cm depth for sets of paving bricks, with exposures both vertical and at 45°, orientated to the four cardinal directions. Temperature data were collected at 1 min intervals for 1 year. These data provide unequivocal proof for the occurrence of the freezing and thawing of water on and within the rock (freeze–thaw events). The freeze event is evidenced by the exotherm associated with the release of latent heat as the water actually freezes. This is thought to be the ?rst record of such events from a ?eld situation. More signi?cantly, it was found that the temperature at which freezing occurred varied signi?cantly through the year and that on occasion the 1 cm depth froze prior to the rock surface. The change in freeze temperature is thought to be due to the chemical weathering of the material (coupled with on‐going salt inputs via the melting of snowfall), which, it is shown, could occur throughout the winter despite air temperatures down to ?30 °C. This ?nding regarding chemical weathering is also considered to be highly signi?cant. A number of thermal stress events were also recorded, suggesting that rock weathering in cold regions is a synergistic combination of various chemical and mechanical weathering mechanisms. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analysis of crack movements observed in an alpine bedrock cliff     

Mamoru Ishikawa  Yoshimasa Kurashige  Kazuomi Hirakawa 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(7):883-891

Crack widths and rock temperatures were monitored on an andestic bedrock cliff in the summit area of the Daisetsu Mountains, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Sequential data recorded the gradual widening of a crack to the point of critical crack extension, which resulted in catastrophic rock breakage. The data indicate that a combination of liquid water in?ltration into crack tip and subsequent freezing is the most signi?cant factor contributing to critical crack extension. The recorded sub‐critical crack movements involved a number of minor crack extensions and contractions, the timing of which correlates well with the magnitude of the reconstructed thermal stresses at the crack tip derived from thermal deformation of the plate‐shaped rock fragment. Larger crack extensions occurred when stress at the crack tip exceeded a threshold value, possibly re?ecting the control of rock fracture mechanics by which cracks are thought to propagate when the stress intensity factor at the crack tip exceeds the threshold values for stress corrosion cracking and the fracture toughness of the material. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Large aftershocks triggering by Coulomb failure stress following the 2001 M_S=8.1 great Kunlun earthquake     

郝平  傅征祥  田勤俭  刘杰  刘桂萍 《地震学报(英文版)》2004,17(1):31-37

IntroductionItisshowedbyresearchesonearthquakestresstriggeringrecentlythatsmall'static'stresschangesduetopermanentfaultdisplacementcanalterthelikelihoodof,ortrigger,earthquakesonnearbyfaults(Harris,1998).Manystudiesoftriggeringinthenear-field,particularlyofaftershocks,showthesestaticchangesaretriggeringagent(Kilb,etal,2000).ReasenbergandSimpson(1992)studiedthere-sponseofregionalseismicitytothestaticstresschangeproducedbyLomaPrietaearthquake,andtheresultsshowedthataftershockratesincreasedinre…  相似文献   

3-D finite element modeling for evolution of stress field and interaction among strong earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan region     

陈化然  陈连旺  马宏生  李轶群  张杰卿  何巧云  王建国 《地震学报(英文版)》2004,17(6)

Introduction Sichuan-Yunnan region is a major area with frequent strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland, especially the middle-southern segment of South-North Seismic Zone, where many strong earth-quakes occurred in history. In the past 30 years, Sichuan-Yunnan region has two seismically active periods: one is from Tonghai earthquake in 1970 to Longling-Songpan earthquake in 1976, the other is from Lancang earthquake in 1988 to now. During this two periods, the M=7.7 Tonghai, M=7.1 Dagua…  相似文献   

Analytical methods Of assessing the image quality associated with digital and photographic imaging systems     

Grant H. Thomson 《The Photogrammetric Record》2004,19(107):237-249

The introduction of digital cameras for aerial survey photography and use of scanners with processed aerial film present a number of technical questions concerning the way photography is to be acquired in the future. Among the questions to be addressed are the comparative metric properties of images acquired by each system and the associated image quality characteristics. The new digital camera systems will require very careful appraisal, using well-established methods of assessing metric quality already available to survey organisations. The questions concerning image quality are more difficult to answer, as they require very specialised instrumentation if measurements are to be made directly in practice. Over the course of the past several decades a more analytical approach to assessing image quality has emerged, and one that may be used by individuals. The method is particularly effective where information on the micro-image characteristics of products is made available by the manufacturers concerned. An outline is given of some considerations that need to be taken into account when using an analytical approach, with references given for further reading.  相似文献