Plane strain deformation of a multi-layered poroelastic half-space by surface loads     

Sarva Jit Singh  Sunita Rani 《Journal of Earth System Science》2006,115(6):685-694

The Biot linearized quasi-static theory of fluid-infiltrated porous materials is used to formulate the problem of the two-dimensional plane strain deformation of a multi-layered poroelastic half-space by surface loads. The Fourier-Laplace transforms of the stresses, displacements, pore pressure and fluid flux in each homogeneous layer of the multi-layered half-space are expressed in terms of six arbitrary constants. Generalized Thomson-Haskell matrix method is used to obtain the deformation field. Simplified explicit expressions for the elements of the 6 × 6 propagator matrix for the poroelastic medium are obtained. As an example of the possible applications of the analytical formulation developed, formal solution is given for normal strip loading, normal line loading and shear line loading.  相似文献   

Evaluation of earthquake potential along the Northern Anatolian Fault Zone in the Marmara Sea using comparisons of GPS strain and seismotectonic parameters     

Ali. O. Oncel  Tom Wilson   《Tectonophysics》2006,418(3-4):205-218

Seismotectonic parameters including the Gutenberg-Richter b-value and multifractal dimensions D₂ and D₁₅ of seismicity patterns (both spatial and temporal) were compared to GPS-derived maximum shear and dilatation strains measured in the Marmara Sea region of western Turkey along the Northern Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). Comparisons of seismotectonic parameters and GPS-derived maximum shear and dilatation strain along the NAFZ in the vicinity of the 1999 M7.4 Izmit earthquake reveal a positive correlation (r = 0.5, p = 0.05) between average dilatation and the Gutenberg-Richter b-value. Significant negative correlation (r = − 0.56, p = 0.03 and r = − 0.56, p = 0.02) was also observed between the spatial fractal dimension D₂ and GPS-derived maximum geodetic and shear strain. This relationship suggests that, as maximum geodetic and shear strains increase, seismicity becomes increasingly clustered.Anomalous interrelationships are observed in the Marmara Sea region prior to the Izmit event along a bend in the NAFZ near the eastern end of the Marmara Sea known as the Northern Boundary Fault (NBF). An asperity is located near the northwest end of the NBF. Along the 50-km length of the NBF, GPS strains become slightly compressive. The correlation between b-value and GPS-derived dilatation suggests that regions in compression have increased probability of larger magnitude rupture. The NBF appears to serve as an impediment to the transfer of strain from east to west along the NAFZ. Recurrence times for large earthquakes along the NBF are larger than in surrounding areas. Temporal clustering of seismicity in the vicinity of the NBF may represent foreshocks of an impending rupture.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic response of subduction zones to seismic activity: A case study for the Costa Rica margin     

Paula A. Cutillo  Shemin Ge  Elizabeth J. Screaton   《Tectonophysics》2006,426(1-2):167

Thermal anomalies in tectonically active areas are often attributed to sub-seafloor fluid circulation and faulting mechanisms, particularly in subduction zones where the largest thrust earthquakes occur. Postseismic fluid flow is enabled by the poroelastic response of the fault system to the earthquake's strain field, as well as by the rupturing of permeability barriers in the vicinity of the fault zone. We investigated the relative importance of these mechanisms on postseismic pore-pressure diffusion and advective heat transport in the subduction zone setting. A two-dimensional numerical fluid flow and heat transport model was developed for the Costa Rica subduction zone offshore of the Nicoya Peninsula. The flow and transport model was coupled with an earthquake strain model to quantify the effects of coseismic strain and permeability enhancement on fluid pressures and temperatures within the Costa Rica margin. Coseismic changes in pore pressure and postseismic pore-pressure diffusion were found to be sensitive to the compressibility of the porous medium, and patterns of pore-pressure recovery were more complex than that predicted by theoretical faulting models. Coseismic contraction and extension of the crust produced high fluid pressures close to the fault, while the inflow of fluid from depth increased fluid pressures several years following the simulated fault slip. Crustal deformation alone was not observed to perturb the temperature field. Laterally extensive permeability increases of two orders of magnitude along the décollement were required to produce small changes in heat flow. Local permeability changes in the upper slope region of least five orders of magnitude were necessary to noticeably affect heat flow. The results of the numerical simulations may help to refine conceptual faulting models and provide guidance for locating long-term hydrologic monitoring sites at Costa Rica and other subduction zones.  相似文献   

Mesozoic–Tertiary structural evolution of an extensional gneiss dome—the Kesebir–Kardamos dome, eastern Rhodope (Bulgaria–Greece)     

Nikolay Bonev  Jean-Pierre Burg  Zivko Ivanov 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(2):318-340

The tectonic evolution of the Rhodope massif involves Mid-Cretaceous contractional deformation and protracted Oligocene and Miocene extension. We present structural, kinematic and strain data on the Kesebir–Kardamos dome in eastern Rhodope, which document early Tertiary extension. The dome consists of three superposed crustal units bounded by a low-angle NNE-dipping detachment on its northern flank in Bulgaria. The detachment separates footwall gneiss and migmatite in a lower unit from intermediate metamorphic and overlying upper sedimentary units in the hanging wall. The high-grade metamorphic rocks of the footwall have recorded isothermal decompression. Direct juxtaposition of the sedimentary unit onto footwall rocks is due to local extensional omission of the intermediate unit. Structural analysis and deformational/metamorphic relationships give evidence for several events. The earliest event corresponds to top-to-the SSE ductile shearing within the intermediate unit, interpreted as reflecting Mid-Late Cretaceous crustal thickening and nappe stacking. Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene/Eocene late-tectonic to post-tectonic granitoids that intruded into the intermediate unit between 70 and 53 Ma constrain at least pre-latest Late Cretaceous age for the crustal-stacking event. Subsequent extension-related deformation caused pervasive mylonitisation of the footwall, with top-to-the NNE ductile, then brittle shear. Ductile flow was dominated by non-coaxial deformation, indicated by quartz c-axis fabrics, but was nearly coaxial in the dome core. Latest events relate to brittle faulting that accommodated extension at shallow crustal levels on high-angle normal faults and additional movement along strike-slip faults. Radiometric and stratigraphic constraints bracket the ductile, then brittle, extensional events at the Kesebir–Kardamos dome between 55 and 35 Ma. Extension began in Paleocene–early Eocene time and displacement on the detachment led to unroofing of the intermediate unit, which supplied material for the syn-detachment deposits in supra-detachment basin. Subsequent cooling and exhumation of the footwall unit from beneath the detachment occurred between 42 and 37 Ma as indicated by mica cooling ages in footwall rocks, and extension proceeded at brittle levels with high-angle faulting constrained at 35 Ma by the age of hydrothermal adularia crystallized in open spaces created along the faults. This was followed by Late Eocene–Oligocene post-detachment overlap successions and volcanic activity. Crustal extension described herein is contemporaneous with the closure of the Vardar Ocean to the southwest. It has accommodated an earlier hinterland-directed unroofing of the Rhodope nappe complex, and may be pre-cursor of, and/or make a transition to the Aegean back-arc extension that further contributed to its exhumation during the Late Miocene. This study underlines the importance of crustal extension at the scale of the Rhodope massif, in particular, in the eastern Rhodope region, as it recognizes an early Tertiary extension that should be considered in future tectonic models of the Rhodope and north Aegean regions.  相似文献   

1982年卢龙MemＳsub6.1地震余震序列震源机制的矩张量反演   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李文军  王培德  陈棋福 《地震学报》2006,28(2):111-118

用矩张量反演的方法，通过对1982年10月19日河北卢龙MＳ6.1地震的余震序列的震源机制求解，认为卢龙盆地的主压应力轴方位角为N74deg;E，近东西向；而盆地的北边变为N43deg;E；在盆地中心有些部位主压应力轴转为北西方向，与盆地周边的主压应力轴方位几乎垂直. 这说明在卢龙地震中构造的不同部位地壳应力方位很不一致，反映出卢龙地区构造活动的复杂性. 一方面，由于卢龙位处中国大陆东部，受到来自东部的日本海盆地在太平洋板块驱动力作用下的挤压；另一方面，卢龙又夹持在燕山地块与华北板块之间，因而受块体边界的限制也是很明显的.   相似文献   

安徽蒙城尉迟寺遗址地层的磁化率与元素地球化学记录研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

马春梅  朱诚  朱光耀  王吉怀  黄润  顾维玮 《地层学杂志》2006,30(2):124-130

通过磁化率和地球化学元素的因子分析法和比值法分析提取出尉迟寺遗址地层记录的环境演变信息。本区5050aBP以前的新石器时期为暖湿的气候环境;大汶口文化阶段气候总体偏干冷,存在数次波动;从大汶口至龙山文化期间,本区气候发生了较为明显的变化,由干冷转向温湿,这为水稻生产提供了有利条件,也促进了龙山文化的繁荣。在5050aBP之前及4620aBP、4700aBP前后可能都发生过冷干事件。  相似文献   

川西北磁组构演化及其揭示的应变特征   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

罗良 贾东陈竹新  胡潜伟贾秋鹏李一泉  张元元 《地质通报》2006,25(11):342-1348

对龙门山褶皱冲断带北段前锋带至四川盆地边缘的川西北地区进行了磁组构研究.在江油和广元之间,沿着垂直于龙门山构造走向的4条采样路线,在18个采样点钻取了173个定向样品,样品采自侏罗纪和白垩纪砂岩及粉砂质泥岩.综合分析表明川西北磁组构反映的是新生代的变形,并在研究区域内总结出了3类磁组构:沉积磁组构、初始变形磁组构和铅笔状磁组构.除沉积磁组构之外的所有采样点样品的K1优势方向都是NE-SW向,说明研究区域的最大主压应力方向为NW-SE向,主要来源于龙门山褶皱冲断带.在垂直于龙门山褶皱冲断带构造走向上,从四川盆地到龙门山前锋,磁组构由沉积磁组构逐渐变为初始变形磁组构,直至铅笔状磁组构,说明盆地内部应变十分微弱,靠近造山带应变逐渐增强,且侏罗纪、白垩纪以来研究区的构造变形主要集中在造山带边缘或者还未传递到盆地内部.  相似文献   

一类常系数线性奇异积分方程的讨论     

蒋勇国 《南京气象学院学报》2002,25(5):706-710

在“矩形”主值的基础上,获得合成公式,并利用合成公式讨论了一类相应的常系数线性奇异积分方程。  相似文献   

全球热带海表温度异常的POP预报模型   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

段安民  吴洪宝 《南京气象学院学报》1998,21(3):346-353

在对全球热带海表温度异常（ＳＳＴＡ）进行主振荡型（ＰＯＰ）分析的基础上上综合考虑大尺度海洋运动状况和长期预报的特征引入了相位划分预报方案,将典型ＰＯＰ模态进行相位划分并综合考虑它们的相关位承替规律预报ＳＳＴＡ未来发展趋势,独立样本事后预报结核下实相位划分预报方案能提供较好的预报信息。  相似文献   

近35年江苏沿海气温变化对北半球增暖的响应   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

江志红  丁裕国 《南京气象学院学报》1998,21(4):743-749

采用主分量分析与回归估计相结合的方法,研究近３５年来江苏沿海气温变化对半球增暖的响应状况。根据北半球平均增暖的条件,推求未来气候情景下该区各地增暖的可能幅度及其可靠性。结果表明（１）北半球增暖背景下,本区夏季气温变化趋势和年际振动的响应,具有很大的不确定性;  相似文献