Geochemical and isotopic characterization of trace fossil infillings: New insights on tracemaker activity after the K/Pg impact event     

《Cretaceous Research》2016

Geochemical and isotopic analyses of the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary deposits were conducted at the Caravaca section (External Subbetic, southeast of Spain) in order to evaluate the recovery of the macrobenthic tracemaker community and the bioturbational disturbance. Samples from the infilling material of several lower Danian dark-colored trace fossils (Chondrites, Planolites, Thalassinoides and Zoophycos) located in the uppermost 8-cm of the light upper Maastrichtian strata, as well as samples from the host sedimentary rock of these trace fossils, were analyzed and compared with data from the lower Danian deposits. The values of element ratios indicative of extraterrestrial contamination (Cr/Al, Co/Al and Ni/Al) are higher in the infilling trace fossil material than in the upper Maastrichtian and lower Danian deposits, which suggests a contribution of the ejecta layer. Regarding the isotope composition, the δ¹³C values are lower in the infilling material than in the Maastrichtian host sedimentary rocks surrounding the traces, while the δ¹⁸O are higher in the infilling material. The geochemical and isotopic compositions of the infilling material evidence the unconsolidated character of the sediment, including the red boundary layer. Softground conditions confirm a relatively rapid recovery by the macrobenthic tracemaker community, starting a few millimeters above the K/Pg boundary layer. The mixture of the infilling material of the trace fossils moreover reveals a significant macrobenthic tracemaker activity affecting K–Pg boundary transition sediments that may have significantly altered original signatures.  相似文献   

DEM simulations of methane hydrate exploitation by thermal recovery and depressurization methods     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2016

Methane hydrate (MH, also called fiery ice) exists in forms of pore filling, cementing and load-bearing skeleton in the methane hydrate bearing sediment (MHBS) and affects its mechanical behavior greatly. To study the changes of macro-scale and micro-scale mechanical behaviors of MHBS during exploitation by thermal recovery and depressurization methods, a novel 2D thermo-hydro-mechanical bonded contact model was proposed and implemented into a platform of distinct element method (DEM), PFC2D. MHBS samples were first biaxially compressed to different deviator stress levels to model different in-situ stress conditions. With the deviator stress maintained at constant, the temperature was then raised to simulate the thermal recovery process or the pore water pressure (i.e. confining pressure for MH bond) was decreased to simulate the depressurization process. DEM simulation results showed that: during exploitation, the axial strain increased with the increase of temperature (in the thermal recovery method) or decrease of pore water pressure (in the depressurization method); sample collapsed during MH dissociation if the deviator stress applied was larger than the compression strength of a pure host sand sample; sample experienced volume contraction but its void ratio was slightly larger than the pure host sand sample at the same axial strain throughout the test. By comparison with the laboratory test results, the new model was validated to be capable of reproducing the exploitation process by thermal recovery and depressurization methods. In addition, some micro-scale parameters, such as contact distribution, bond distribution, and averaged pure rotation rate, were also analyzed to investigate their relationships with the macroscopic responses.  相似文献   

气象观测设备运行状态综合判定技术应用     

李雁  李峰  郭维  夏元彩  周青  周薇 《南京气象学院学报》2016,8(5):439-445

从气象观测设备运行保障角度出发,基于各观测设备自身运行状态检测信息,结合气象观测数据、气象观测元数据信息以及各级气象观测技术保障业务人员人工填报业务数据,研制了我国气象观测设备运行状态综合判定技术;同时制订了各气象观测设备运行状态分类标准和显示标准,将设备运行状态分为正常、报警、故障和非观测4类状态,分别用绿色、橙色、蓝色和灰色标识.气象观测设备运行状态综合判定技术在一定程度上促进了我国气象观测装备技术保障工作的规范化、标准化开展.该技术贴合气象装备技术保障业务实际需求,设备运行状态判定真实率达100％,结果经实践证明科学合理有效,基于该方法开展的设备运行监控保障工作提高了观测系统稳定可靠的运行能力.  相似文献   

Reactive transport impacts on recovered freshwater quality during multiple partially penetrating wells (MPPW-)ASR in a brackish heterogeneous aquifer     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

The use of multiple partially penetrating wells (MPPW) during aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) in brackish aquifers can significantly improve the recovery efficiency (RE) of unmixed injected water. The water quality changes by reactive transport processes in a field MPPW-ASR system and their impact on RE were analyzed. The oxic freshwater injected in the deepest of four wells was continuously enriched with sodium (Na⁺) and other dominant cations from the brackish groundwater due to cation exchange by repeating cycles of ‘freshening’. During recovery periods, the breakthrough of Na⁺ was retarded in the deeper and central parts of the aquifer by ‘salinization’. Cation exchange can therefore either increase or decrease the RE of MPPW-ASR compared to the RE based on conservative Cl⁻, depending on the maximum limits set for Na⁺, the aquifer’s cation exchange capacity, and the native groundwater and injected water composition. Dissolution of Fe and Mn-containing carbonates was stimulated by acidifying oxidation reactions, involving adsorbed Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ and pyrite in the pyrite-rich deeper aquifer sections. Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ remained mobile in anoxic water upon approaching the recovery proximal zone, where Fe²⁺ precipitated via MnO₂ reduction, resulting in a dominating Mn²⁺ contamination. Recovery of Mn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ was counteracted by frequent injections of oxygen-rich water via the recovering well to form Fe and Mn-precipitates and increase sorption. The MPPW-ASR strategy exposes a much larger part of the injected water to the deeper geochemical units first, which may therefore control the mobilization of undesired elements during MPPW-ASR, rather than the average geochemical composition of the target aquifer.  相似文献   

Status of Stratigraphy Research in China     

YAO Jianxin  BO Jingfang  HOU Hongfei  WANG Zejiu  MA Xiulan  LIU Fengshan  HU Guangxiao  JI Zhansheng  WU Guichun  WU Zhenjie  LI Suping  GUO Caiqing  LI Ya 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(4):1069-1081

Scientific research and productive practice for earth history are inseparable from the accurate stratigraphic framework and time framework. Establishing the globally unified, precise and reliable chronostratigraphic series and geological time series is the major goal of the International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS). Under the leadership of the ICS, the countries around the world have carried out research on the Global Standard Stratotype-section and Points(GSSPs) for the boundaries of chronostratigraphic systems. In the current International Chronostratigraphic Chart(ICC), 65 GSSPs have been erected in the Phanerozoic Eonothem, and one has yet been erected in the Precambrian Eonothem. Based on the progress of research on stratigraphy especially that from its subcommissions, the ICS is constantly revising the ICC, and will publish a new International Stratigraphic Guide in 2020. After continual efforts and broad international cooperation of Chinese stratigraphers, 10 GSSPs within the Phanerozoic Eonothem have been approved and ratified to erect in China by the ICS and IUGS. To establish the standards for stratigraphic division and correlation of China, with the support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the China Geological Survey, Chinese stratigraphers have carried out research on the establishment of Stages in China. A total of 102 stages have been defined in the "Regional Chronostratigraphic Chart of China(geologic time)", in which 59 stages were studied in depth. In 2014, the "Stratigraphic Chart of China" was compiled, with the essential contents as follows: the correlation between international chronostratigraphy and regional chronostratigraphy of China(geologic time), the distributive status of lithostratigraphy, the characteristics of geological ages, the biostratigraphic sequence, the magnetostratigraphy, the geological events and eustatic sea-level change during every geological stage. The "Stratigraphical Guide of China and its Explanation(2014)" was also published. Chinese stratigraphers have paid much attention to stratigraphic research in south China, northeast China, north China and northwest China and they have made great achievements in special research on stratigraphy, based on the 1:1000000, 1:250000, 1:200000 and 1:50000 regional geological survey projects. Manifold new stratigraphic units were discovered and established by the regional geological surveys, which are helpful to improve the regional chronostratigraphic series of China. On the strength of the investigation in coastal and offshore areas, the status of marine strata in China has been expounded. According to the developing situation of international stratigraphy and the characteristics of Chinese stratigraphic work, the contrast relation between regional stratigraphic units of China and GSSPs will be established in the future, which will improve the application value of GSSPs and the standard of regional stratigraphic division and correlation. In addition, the study of stratigraphy of the Precambrian, terrestrial basins and orogenic belts will be strengthened, the Stratigraphic Chart of China will be improved, the typical stratigraphic sections in China will be protected and the applied study of stratigraphy in the fields of oil and gas, solid minerals, etc. will be promoted. On the ground of these actions, stratigraphic research will continue to play a great role in the social and economic development of China.  相似文献   

Simulation of groundwater level recovery in abandoned mines,Fengfeng coalfield,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

MA Luan  WANG Guang-cai  SHI Zhe-ming  GUO Yu-ying  XU Qing-yu  HUANG Xu-juan 《地下水科学与工程》2016,4(4):344-353

Abandoned mines are of high potential risk as they could be a large underground storage of pollutants(heavy metals and organic wastes, etc.). Various physical, chemical and biological reactions would take place when groundwater flows into underground spaces, which makes abandoned mine a huge potential hazard to groundwater environment. The recovery of groundwater level is one of the key elements controlling the reactions and causing such hazards. This paper simulated groundwater level recovery processes in the abandoned mines, Fengfeng coalfield by using the computer program FEFLOW. The paper integrated the pipe flow model, "three zones" model and groundwater inrush(discharge) model in the simulation of groundwater in the complex laneway-aquifer system. Groundwater flow in the laneway systems was considered pipe flow and described in Bernoulli equation. The water-bearing medium(coal seam roof) overlying the laneway systems was divided into "three zones" composed of the caving zone, fissure zone and bending zone based on the disruption degrees of previous mining. Groundwater in the Ordovician limestone aquifer(bottom of coal seam) flowing into laneway systems was considered a major inrush/recharge source, and its flow rate was calculated by an inrush(discharge) model which was newly developed in this study and incorporated into FEFLOW. The results showed that it would take approximately 95 days for groundwater in abandoned mines to recover to regional groundwater level elevation, and the total amount of water filling up would be about 1.41195×10~7 m~3, which is consistent with the actual data. The study could be of theoretical and practical significance to mitigate abandoned mines' hazards and improve mine groundwater utilization.  相似文献   

反渗透海水淡化技术现状和展望     

高从堦  周勇  刘立芬 《海洋技术学报》2016,(1):1-14

反渗透膜技术于20世纪60年代取得突破性进展,促使反渗透海水淡化在近50年间高速发展,淡化产能自20世纪90年代起激增.海水反渗透(SWRO)淡化已成为目前投资最省、成本最低的利用海水制备饮用水的过程.文中主要对海水反渗透淡化的发展状况进行了介绍,如膜和组件的改进,关键设备高压泵和能量回收装置效率的提高,多种工艺过程的不断发展,包括预处理和后处理的新工艺,以及对环境的影响和相应对策等.反渗透技术的发展也推动了其他膜分离技术的进步,并扩展其应用领域.预计在不久的将来,膜技术在海水淡化和水再利用、扩大和保护水资源、循环经济、清洁生产、改造传统产业、节能减排及提高人民生活水平等方面发挥的作用会越来越显著.  相似文献   

Possibilities of land use change analysis in a mountainous rural area: a methodological approach     

Szilárd Szabó  László Bertalan  Ágnes Kerekes  Tibor J. Novák 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(4):708-726

Decreasing population density is a current trend in the European Union, and causes a lower environmental impact on the landscape. However, besides the desirable effect on the regeneration processes of semi-natural forest ecosystems, the lack of traditional management techniques can also lead to detrimental ecological processes. In this study we investigated the land use pattern changes in a micro-region (in North-Eastern Hungary) between 1952 and 2005, based on vectorised land use data from archive aerial photos. We also evaluated the methodology of comparisons using GIS methods, fuzzy sets and landscape metrics. We found that both GIS methods and statistical analysis of landscape metrics resulted in more or less the same findings. Differences were not as relevant as was expected considering the general tendencies of the past 60 years in Hungary. The change in the annual rate of forest recovery was 0.12%; settlements extended their area by an annual rate of 3.04%, while grasslands and arable lands had a net loss in their area within the studied period (0.60% and 0.89%, respectively). The kappa index showed a smaller similarity (~60%) between these dates but the fuzzy kappa and the aggregation index, taking into account both spatial and thematic errors, gave a more reliable result (~70–80% similarity). Landscape metrics on patch and class level ensured the possibility of a detailed analysis. We arrived at a similar outcome but were able to verify all the calculations through statistical tests. With this approach we were able to reveal significant (p < 0.05) changes; however, effect sizes did not show large magnitudes. Comparing the methods of revealing landscape change, the approach of landscape metrics was the most effective approach, as it was independent of spatial errors and ensuring a multiple way of interpretation.  相似文献   

苏里格大型致密砂岩气田储层结构与水平井提高采收率对策     

吕志凯  唐海发  刘群明  李小锋  王泽龙 《现代地质》2018,32(4):832

在分析苏里格气田辫状河体系及储层结构特征的基础上,提出了剖面储量集中度的概念,建立了厚层块状型、垂向叠置泛连通型、分散局部连通型、分散孤立型4种砂体分布模式,探讨了不同储层结构下的水平井采出程度,提出了水平井提高采收率技术对策。研究结果表明,辫状河沉积体系复合有效砂体由于“阻流带”的存在,直井动用不完善,水平井能克服“阻流带”的影响,提高层内储量动用程度;但由于砂体多层状分散分布,水平井开发会导致纵向含气层系储量动用不充分,影响层间采出程度。对于剖面储量集中度高的厚层块状型、垂向叠置泛连通型储层,采用水平井整体开发,Ⅰ+Ⅱ类井比例达70%以上,可显著提高储量动用程度和采收率。对于剖面储量集中度低的分散局部连通型储层,采用直井井网开发后进行甜点式优选水平井井位加密部署,可提高采收率10%以上。  相似文献   

青藏高原唐古拉多年冻土区冻融循环过程中的能量平衡特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘艺阗  姚济敏  赵林  肖瑶  乔永平  史健宗 《冰川冻土》2021,43(4):1073-1082

青藏高原多年冻土区冻融循环过程对地表能量及其分配的影响研究相对较少,青藏高原唐古拉站多年冻土的实测资料,依据10 cm土壤温度划分浅层土壤冻融循环的各个阶段并结合能量闭合率、地表能量各通量等数据探讨浅层土壤冻融循环过程与地气间水热交换过程之间的影响。结果表明：浅层土壤冻融循环过程各阶段均受气候变化的影响,其融化过程起始时间提前同时冻结过程起始时间推后,完全融化阶段持续时间增加,且逐渐接近完全冻结阶段持续时间;在浅层土壤不同冻融状态下,能量闭合率差值较大,其中完全融化阶段能量闭合状况普遍好于完全冻结阶段;净辐射值在完全融化阶段高于完全冻结阶段,净辐射在完全冻结阶段主要转化为感热通量,在完全融化阶段主要转化为潜热通量,地表土壤热通量在完全融化阶段为正值,在完全冻结阶段为负值。  相似文献