Vegetation recruitment in an enhanced floodplain: Ancillary benefits of salmonid habitat enhancement     

《Limnologica》2016

Widespread loss and degradation of riverine habitats due to dams, diversions, levees, and human development have led to an increase in river habitat enhancement projects in recent decades. These projects typically focus on improving either terrestrial (e.g., riparian vegetation) or aquatic (e.g., fish spawning and rearing) habitats, and do not commonly address the relationship between the two systems. However, there is abundant evidence that fundamental linkages exist between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and anthropogenic impacts such as urban expansion, agricultural activities, and river impoundment can synergistically degrade both systems. This study examines the effects of adult and juvenile salmonid habitat restoration on recruitment, density, and composition of riparian vegetation in an area heavily impacted by mining and flow regulation. For a year following in-channel coarse sediment placement and floodplain construction in an area previously covered with coarse mine tailings, we compared the abundance, richness and diversity of vegetation across four treatments: the newly constructed floodplain, isolated mine tailings, mine tailings near an access road, and a remnant riparian area that was less impacted by mining. Richness and diversity were higher in the floodplain than in any of the other treatments; we identified a total of 15 plant families in the floodplain treatments, as compared to three to five families in the other treatments. We observed significant differences in plant assemblage composition between treatments, with higher richness of primarily obligate or facultative wetland plant taxa in the floodplain treatment. This study demonstrates that restoring hydrological linkages between aquatic and terrestrial habitats, and redistribution of sediment size classes altered by mining, can create conditions that promote rapid wetland plant colonization, enhancing biodiversity and improving ecosystem function.  相似文献   

Population dynamics of the Brown mussel Perna perna at a Rocky beach near Cape Coast,Ghana     

Eric A. Krampah  Kobina Yankson  John Blay 《Marine Ecology》2020,41(1):e12575

The brown mussel, Perna perna, is an ecologically important species which has a great potential for aquaculture in Ghana. Though it is harvested from the wild for consumption locally, there is no information on its population parameters to guide its management and subsequent culturing. The species inhabiting Iture rocky beach near Cape Coast (Ghana) was therefore investigated to elucidate its growth and other population parameters. Specimens had shell length ranging from 5.00 to 78.0 mm, a modal shell length class of 35.0–39.9 mm, and exhibited negative allometric growth. The asymptotic length (L∞), growth coefficient (K), and growth performance index (Φ') were 80.10 mm, 0.49 per year, and 3.49, respectively. The recruitment pattern showed that P. perna has year-round recruitment with a single peak between April and July. Total mortality (Z) was estimated at 2.79 per year, while natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were 0.87 and 1.92 per year, respectively. The calculated exploitation level of the population (E = 0.69) suggests possible overfishing of the mussels at Iture rocky beach. These results could serve as baseline information for management of the mussel population in Ghana.  相似文献   

亚龙湾西岸造礁石珊瑚种类多样性及恢复潜力分析     

黄丁勇  李元超  王建佳  郑新庆 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(3):444-455

基于2018年12月在亚龙湾沿岸进行的13个站位的珊瑚礁调查,本文分析了该区域造礁石珊瑚的多样性、分布、覆盖率、死亡率和补充量。结果表明,亚龙湾西岸8个站位共发现造礁石珊瑚12科27属55种和11个未定种,其中蜂巢珊瑚科的种类最多,包括9属25种,其次为鹿角珊瑚科,包括3属17种。亚龙湾西岸各站位造礁石珊瑚种类数为12—33种,平均27种;覆盖率为2.8%—22.9%,平均12.9%;以丛生盔形珊瑚(Galaxea fascicularis)、同双星珊瑚(Diploastrea heliopora)和澄黄滨珊瑚(Poriteslutea)等团块状珊瑚为主要优势种;种类多样性和空间分布异质性都较高。与2010—2011年相比,亚龙湾西岸造礁石珊瑚平均覆盖率显著下降,优势种也有较大的变化,表明该海域的珊瑚礁已大幅衰退,这可能与偏高的悬浮物含量和沉积速率有关。不过,亚龙湾西岸造礁石珊瑚的补充量为1.6ind./m2,与周边海区相比,有相对较高的自然恢复潜力。  相似文献   

Scleractinian settlement patterns to natural cleared reef substrata and artificial settlement panels on an Indonesian coral reef     

Pelayo Salinas-de-León  Alba Costales-Carrera  Stephen Zeljkovic  David J. Smith  James J. Bell 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Recruitment is a key factor driving the population dynamics of scleractinian corals, but despite its importance, we still have a poor understanding of recruitment processes in the Coral triangle region, which contains the most biodiverse marine ecosystems in the world. This study aimed to compare settlement rates to artificial settlement panels with cleared areas of natural reef in order to assess whether panels are a suitable indicator of natural coral settlement rates. We recorded coral settlement rates to panels made of two different materials (concrete and terracotta), attached to the reef at two different orientations (vertical and horizontal), and compared these settlement rates to those on cleared areas of natural reef positioned on vertical reef walls, over a 12 month period. We examined settlement rates at four sites in the Wakatobi National Marine Park, south-east Sulawesi, Indonesia; two reefs were light-limited, highly sedimented sites with low coral cover (<10%) and two had moderate coral cover (approx. 40%) and lower sedimentation rates. Panels were directly attached to the reef at 6–7 m depth. The number of coral spat per tile ranged from 0 to 34 and no significant differences were reported between the settlement rates to cleared natural reef areas and settlement panels. Significantly higher numbers of spat settled on the cryptic (back) side of the panels, while no significant difference was found between settlement rates to the different panel materials, or between the different orientations or any combination of these two factors. There is, however, a significant difference in the settlement rates between sites, for both settlement panels and permanent cleared areas, with higher settlement rates at the sites with higher live coral cover. We conclude that both concrete and terracotta panels yield similar settlement rates, and orientation makes no difference to settlement rates when panels are directly attached to the reef. Our results demonstrate that artificial substrata provide comparable settlement rate data to natural substrata and therefore are suitable for monitoring coral settlement rates in the future.  相似文献   

Population ecology of fiddler crab, Uca lactea annulipes (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) in Sirik mangrove estuary,Iran     

Mohammad Mokhtari  Ahmad SavariHamid Rezai  Preeta KochanianAmir Bitaab 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Fiddler crabs are known as the most conspicuous bioturbating animals in mangrove forest, which by their burrowing activities promote nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Mangroves, crabs and bacteria are connected in the form of positive feedback loop, whereby an increase in the activity of any participant will tend to increase the activity of all others as well. Population structure, growth, mortality, recruitment, biomass and production of fiddler crabs as dominant species of deposit-feeder crabs have been investigated from May 2005 to March 2006 in the Sirik mangrove estuary in the eastern part of Strait of Hormuz. Ten 1 m² squares of the substrate were randomly sampled during low tide. There was a significant change in organic content in the sampling area during study period. The sex ratio was significantly deviated from 1:1 ratio in large sizes, where males were dominated year around. Fiddler crabs showed seasonal growth pattern during a year, which the maximum growth was observed during autumn and early summer and ceased during winter by low temperature. Growth parameters were estimated by Appeldoorn's method and fitted with seasonalized von Bertalanffy growth models. The Kimura likelihood ratio test revealed significant differences in the overall growth curves between males and females, originated from the differences in k$k$ and L_∞$L_{\mathrm{\infty }}$ between sexes. Males were found to exhibit higher growth rate and larger size than females, this could be attributed to the higher investment of energy for reproduction in females. Reproduction was restricted to spring and early summer, while recruitment occurs at the end of summer. Total annual production of males and females was 37.90 and 10.05 g dry weight/10 m² respectively and major production took place during early summer. Because of impact of temperature on the activity of fiddler crabs in subtropical regions, density of crabs has significant positive correlation with temperature (P < 0.01), while growth rate shows significant negative correlation with organic matter of sediment (P < 0.05). In conclusion these crabs showed lower mortality and production rate with the seasonal growth and recruitment in comparison with tropical species.  相似文献   

Evidence from survey data for regional variability in cod dynamics in the North Sea and West of Scotland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Holmes  Steven J.; Wright  Peter J.; Fryer  Robert J. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2008,65(2):206-215

  相似文献   

浙江沿岸张网中主要经济幼鱼发生量与当年渔汛渔获量的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周永东  徐汉祥  刘子藩 《海洋学研究》2009,27(3):54-60

通过对1998～2005年浙江中北部沿岸3个张网监测点的渔业监测调查,阐述了浙江沿岸张网渔业中的主要经济幼鱼带鱼、小黄鱼、鲳鱼的渔获量比例月变化;同时结合浙江省的渔业统计资料和主要鱼种的生物学测定资料,以张网渔业中主要经济鱼种的平均网获量作为预报当年渔汛补充群体渔获量的主要影响因子,经回归统计分析,分别建立了带鱼和小黄鱼的渔获量单因子预报方程.结果表明:2000～2005年,张网中的带鱼、小黄鱼、鲳鱼3种主要经济鱼类幼鱼合计占总渔获量的月平均比例达22.79%,6～8月为幼鱼的出现高峰期,月平均比例为53.86%,7月份达到最高值,为62.66%.其中5～9月幼带鱼占渔获量的月平均比例范围为11.42%～46.42%,6～11月小黄鱼占渔获量的月平均比例范围为9.73%～14.30%,4～8月鲳鱼占渔获量的月平均比例范围为3.32%～6.52%.设5～9月张网中幼带鱼的日平均网获量(X,kg/网)与当年9～12月渔汛中带鱼补充群体的渔获量(Y,×108尾),经相关分析,可以得到Y关于X的一元一次、一元二次和一元三次函数的预报方程.设6～10月张网小黄鱼幼鱼的日平均网获量(x,尾/网)与当年浙江省小黄鱼的渔获量(y,万t),经相关分析,可以得到y关于x的一元一次、一元二次函数的预报方程.预报方程的相关系数和预报精度基本符合应用要求,表明沿岸产卵场和索饵场附近的张网渔获物中主要经济幼鱼的发生量与当年渔汛补充群体渔获量密切相关.张网渔业的监测调查可以反映当年主要经济幼鱼发生量情况,应加强对沿岸张网渔业的管理及保护主要经济幼鱼.  相似文献   

Settlement patterns,size and growth of puerulus and juvenile rock lobster Jasus lalandii at an oyster farm in Saldanha Bay,South Africa     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):501-510

Trends in the abundance, size and growth of newly settled pueruli and early juveniles of the rock lobster Jasus lalandii were determined from samples obtained from mesh bags used for oyster mariculture in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. Totals of 3 842 lobster pueruli and 10 158 juveniles were captured between August 2005 and June 2006, and distinct puerulus settlement events were identified in November and January. Juveniles also peaked during these months as well as in March. The size of newly settled pueruli increased significantly between October and March. The carapace length (CL) of pueruli and juveniles overlapped between 8.5 mm (smallest juvenile) and 10.4 mm (largest puerulus), and 50% of pueruli moulted into juveniles by 9.5–9.6 mm CL. There was a size progression in juveniles, with larger individuals in February and March reflecting an accumulation of juveniles from the earlier settlement events. The estimated growth increment from puerulus to first juvenile instar was 0.5–1.5 mm (4.9–16.1%), increasing to 1.4–2.5 mm (14.4–23.3%) for the second instar. Recruitment of J. lalandii pueruli occurred during periods when strong southerly winds prevailed, which results in a general offshore movement of surface waters along the West Coast and upwelling of cold nutrient-rich bottom waters. However, specific settlement events appeared to coincide with a change in wind direction, reduction in upwelling strength and increase in surface water temperatures, implying that larvae may take advantage of landward movements of surface waters during downwelling, or reversal of upwelling, to return them to shallow coastal waters.  相似文献   

The 2004 re-assessment of the South African sardine and anchovy populations to take account of revisions to earlier data and recent record abundances     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):333-348

Hydroacoustic surveys off the coast of South Africa over the early years of the 21st century indicated that both the sardine Sardinops sagax and anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus populations had simultaneously reached record abundances. The South African pelagic fishery is regulated using an Operational Management Procedure (OMP). The OMP in use at that time had been developed using data from the two populations prior to this rapid and substantial increase in abundances. This paper documents the revised assessments that were urgently required to provide a basis to update the OMP. These assessments resulted in a changed perception of the status and productivity of these populations. In particular, estimates of the stock-recruitment relationships and the extent of variation about them, which play a key role in evaluating risk when developing OMPs, altered substantially from estimates derived from earlier assessments.  相似文献   

Measuring depth of settlement in the red rock lobster,Jasus edwardsii     

John D. Booth  Andrew D. Carruthers  Colin D. Bolt  Robert A. Stewart 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):123-132

Settlement of the puerulus stage of Jasus edwardsii (Decapoda: Palinuridae) near the shore takes place over a wide depth range. It occurs intertidally, and, as determined by crevice collectors, also takes place down to depths of at least 50 m. At sites along the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand, depth of greatest settlement found on collectors varied with locality and time, but was within the upper 11.5 m. Surface‐buoyed collectors caught fewer animals than did collectors at greater depths. Settlement levels generally increased with depth to about 10–12 m, then decreased with increasing depth and distance from shore. The ability of/, edwardsii to settle over a wide depth range may improve its chances of recruitment. A device (closing crevice collector) for measuring puerulus settlement of J. edwardsii at depth is described.  相似文献