铁矿物催化氧化技术在水处理中的应用     

李婷婷  刘贵权  刘菲  陈家玮 《地质通报》2012,31(8):1352-1358

广泛存在于地下水中的各种有机污染物严重影响着水资源的安全利用,常见的水处理工艺对持久性有机污染物去除效果不够理想。近年来,天然含铁矿物作为催化剂,催化过氧化氢的化学治理方法对各种有机污染物去除效果显著。概述近年来主要含铁矿物、负载型矿物和纳米矿物材料催化过氧化氢在地下水有机污染去除中的应用,探讨了该领域的发展现状和存在问题,并对其应用前景进行展望。认为天然矿物材料具有成本低、在地壳中含量高、环境友好等特点,可用于多种有机污染物的去除与降解。但处理过程中,天然有机质的作用、纳米矿物材料的毒性和地球化学归宿问题应该做进一步研究。  相似文献   

含水介质对地下水污染曝气修复的影响     

梁秀娟  李树  李树森  张峰龙  孟令明 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,(Z1):392-396

为进一步研究地下水曝气原位修复技术的影响因素,采用室内实验的方法系统地研究了含水介质对原位曝气技术修复地下水污染的影响。研究结果表明:大量水相中的柴油在曝气的开始阶段被去除,随着时间的延长,污染物去除率不断增加,但增加的幅度逐渐减小。污染物去除率与时间关系曲线符合对数曲线规律,相关方程为y=alnx+b,R2=0.802 4～0.907 1,相关性较好。含水介质的渗透系数对地下水污染修复的影响较大,渗透系数与污染物的去除率基本呈正相关关系,渗透系数越大,污染物的去除率越大;含水介质密度与污染物去除率基本呈负相关关系,含水介质密度越大,污染物的去除率越小。  相似文献   

土壤修复过程中重金属形态的研究综述   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

韩张雄  王龙山  郭巨权  李雪莹  马娅妮  刘晓艳 《岩石矿物学杂志》2012,31(2):271-278

重金属污染土壤的修复是现阶段污染土壤治理中的难点之一,在土壤修复过程中对重金属的形态研究已在多个领域中开展,并且在重金属形态及其与生物有效性和毒性等研究领域取得了一定的成果。本文综述了现阶段在污染土壤修复过程中对重金属形态研究的主要领域,分析研究重金属形态的必要性,总结出土壤修复过程中重金属形态方面应当从重金属在土壤与植物中的存在形态入手,研究重金属元素在不同界面间的迁移转化规律,通过阻断重金属元素在污染源、土壤、生物之间的传递链条,以阻止重金属对生物体造成危害,从而为土壤重金属污染的治理修复提供理论基础。  相似文献   

环境介质中高氯酸盐污染及微生物修复技术研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王蕊  刘菲  张苑  陈鸿汉  秦莉红 《岩矿测试》2012,31(4):689-698

高氯酸盐(ClO4-)是一种有毒的无机阴离子,其环境污染问题引起了广泛关注,控制与修复高氯酸盐污染环境成为新的研究热点,其中微生物修复技术最具应用前景。国外已开展环境中高氯酸盐污染现状的调查工作,利用微生物修复技术去除高氯酸盐取得了一定的成果,但我国的相关研究较少。文章综述了近年来国内外高氯酸盐的污染现状及微生物修复高氯酸盐的最新研究进展。由于高氯酸盐的高水溶性和低吸附性,当前研究最多的是高氯酸盐水体污染,这些水体通过饮用水(源水)或食物链直接或间接地对人类健康造成影响。在微生物修复方面,从有机电子供体,无机电子供体(H2、Fe0等),电子受体(O2、NO3-、SO24-)及微生物的生长环境因素(pH值、温度、氧化还原电位、盐度)等方面总结了各因素对微生物修复技术去除高氯酸盐效果的影响,以期为我国开展微生物处理技术在高氯酸盐污染修复领域的实践应用提供参考。  相似文献   

超临界CO_2流体萃取土壤中污染物的应用研究进展     

欧阳勋  陈家玮  张小岗 《中国区域地质》2010,(11):1655-1661

CO2在超临界状态下具有许多独特的物理化学性质,作为一种＂绿色＂溶剂,它具有无毒、无污染、易获取等优点。近年来,有关超临界CO2流体热力学相行为和溶解度性质的研究引起人们广泛的关注,与之密切相关的超临界流体萃取技术已在许多领域得到重视和发展。根据近年国内外运用超临界CO2流体对土壤中多环芳烃、多氯联苯、重金属等污染物的萃取应用,分析了温度、压力、共溶剂等因素对萃取效果的影响,通过与其他土壤修复技术的比较,展望了超临界流体萃取技术应用于土壤修复领域的可行性和研究方向。  相似文献   

石油类污染建筑场地的环境调查与治理     

田素军 《上海国土资源》2011,32(2):36-39

污染造成的环境损害和土壤与地下水质量降低,直接影响生命健康与环境安全。污染企业搬迁后遗留场地的调查检测与修复治理,是土地资源开发利用与管理的重要环节。结合两个炼油厂污染地块在土地再开发期间所进行的土壤环境调查和治理修复案例,阐述了石油类污染地基土的环境调查方法、评价方式和治理修复措施,以期为污染土壤的调查与治理修复提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Rehabilitation effects on gully sediment yields and vegetation in a savanna rangeland     

Jack Koci  Scott N. Wilkinson  Aaron A. Hawdon  Anne E. Kinsey-Henderson  Rebecca Bartley  Nicholas R. Goodwin 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(5):1007-1025

Gully rehabilitation can contribute to catchment management by stabilizing erosion and reducing downstream sediment yields, yet the globally observed responses are variable. Developing the technical basis for gully rehabilitation and establishing guidelines for application requires studies that evaluate individual rehabilitation measures in specific environments. An eight-year field experiment was undertaken to evaluate sediment yield and vegetation responses to several gully rehabilitation measures. The rehabilitation measures aimed to reduce surface runoff into gully head cuts, trap sediment on gully floors and increase vegetation cover on gully walls and floors. The study occurred in a savanna rangeland in northeast Australia. Two gullies were subject to treatments while four gullies were monitored as untreated controls. A runoff diversion structure reduced headcut erosion from 4.3 to 1.2 m² yr⁻¹. Small porous check dams and cattle exclusion reduced gully total sediment yields by more than 80%, equivalent to a reduction of 0.3 to 2.4 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, but only at catchment areas less than 10 ha. Fine sediment yields (silt and clay) were reduced by 7 and 19% from the two treated gullies, respectively. The porous check dam deposits contained a lower percentage of the fine fraction than the parent soil. Significant regeneration of gully floor vegetation occurred, associated with trapping of organic litter and fine sediment. Increases in vegetation cover and biomass were comprised of native perennial grasses, trees and shrubs. In variable climates, long-term gully rehabilitation will progress during wetter periods, and regress during droughts. Understanding linkages between rehabilitation measures, their hydrologic, hydraulic and vegetation effects and gully sediment yields is important to defining the conditions for their success.  相似文献   

Study of polluted soil remediation based on freezing and thawing cycles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

DaHu Rui  BaiYang Song  Yuzuru Ito  Li Wang 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(4):0322-0330

It is generally known that soil pollution poses a terrible hazard to the environment, but the present techniques of contaminated soil remediation cannot control this growing threat. This paper compares the pollutant extraction efficiency of traditional pumping and treating, which is a typical washing technology for the remediation of contaminated soils, with methods that utilize freeze-thaw cycles. In the soil freezing process, water shifts from unfrozen soils to the freezing front, and the permeability of soil will be enhanced under certain temperature gradients and water conditions. Therefore, this paper discusses the purification of contaminated soil through freeze-thaw action. We conducted a cleansing experiment on clay and silica sand infused with NaCl（simulation of heavy metals） and found that the efficiency of purification was enhanced remarkably in the latter by the freeze-thaw action. To assess the effective extraction of DNAPLs in soil, we conducted an experiment on suction by freezing, predicated on the different freezing points of moisture and pollutants. We found that the permeability coefficient was significantly increased by the freezing-thawing action, enabling the DNAPL contaminants to be extracted selectively and effectively.  相似文献   

西藏公路滑坡防治中锚固结构的耐久性及修复技术     

张正波  何思明  田金昌  钟建  杨天军 《地质通报》2013,32(12):2038-2043

预应力锚固技术已成为西藏公路滑坡防治中最常用的工程技术。由于西藏特殊的地质地貌环境及气候条件,预应力锚固工程较易出现耐久性的问题。对西藏公路滑坡预应力锚固工程进行调查,存在的耐久性问题可归纳为3类：锚头封锚破坏、框架梁悬空破坏和坡体局部变形滑动而引起锚索失效。在分析影响锚固结构耐久性主控因素的基础上,针对性地提出了3种修复加固技术：锚固结构封锚破坏及锚头损毁修复加固技术、预应力锚索框架维修加固技术和补增预应力提高锚固结构抗滑力技术。  相似文献   

Pumping-rate control for contaminated groundwater with VOCs by using fuzzy inference model     

《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2013,7(2):63-76

In this paper, a new method is proposed for the remediation of contaminated groundwater. The method is based on fuzzy inference and risk evaluation. The effectiveness of the presented method is assessed in numerical simulations. The main results of the study are as follows: 1) A pump-and-treat control algorithm was proposed by using the fuzzy inference and the human health risk calculation model, 2) It was found that applying the proposed algorithm was likely to reduce the pumped quantity, and 3) It was found that the proposed model can be used to notify residents of the human health risk; the model is based on the ASTM RBCA model for residents. A new fuzzy control system for contaminated groundwater can be used as a useful model for characterising the effects of contaminants on human health and providing helpful information on the human risk assessment of the contaminated groundwater site.  相似文献