Using spectral information from the NIR water absorption features for the retrieval of canopy water content     

J.G.P.W. Clevers  L. KooistraM.E. Schaepman 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008

Canopy water content (CWC) is important for mapping and monitoring the condition of the terrestrial ecosystem. Spectral information related to the water absorption features at 970 nm and 1200 nm offers possibilities for deriving information on CWC. In this study, we compare the use of derivative spectra, spectral indices and continuum removal techniques for these regions. Hyperspectral reflectance data representing a range of canopies were simulated using the combined PROSPECT + SAILH model. Best results in estimating CWC were obtained by using spectral derivatives at the slopes of the 970 nm and 1200 nm water absorption features. Real data from two different test sites were analysed. Spectral information at both test sites was obtained with an ASD FieldSpec spectrometer, whereas at the second site HyMap airborne imaging spectrometer data were also acquired. Best results were obtained for the derivative spectra. In order to avoid the potential influence of atmospheric water vapour absorption bands the derivative of the reflectance on the right slope of the canopy water absorption feature at 970 nm can best be used for estimating CWC.  相似文献   

Magnetite-Fluorite Rock: A New Rock Type of Hot Water Sedimentation     

XU Shaokang  XIA Xuehui  YUAN Congjian  WANG Bingquan  YAN Fei  YAN Shengxian  ZHENG Xingquan 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(4)

The new type hot water sedimentary rock - magnetite-fluorite rock occurs as quasi-layers inflat parts of contact zones between rock body and strata in Bamiaushan of Changshan County,Zhejiang Province, China. The main mineral assemblage is fluorite magnetite cassiterite. The rockshows typical laminated structure and obvious mosaic texture. Its formation temperature is between123℃-160℃, averaging at 142℃. The major chemical composition of the rock includes CaF2, SiO2,Al2O3, FeO, and Fe2O3; the high-content microelement association includes W, Sn, Be, Rb, Sr, S, andCl; and the total content of REE is low (∑REE between 35.34x10-6-38.35x10-6), showing LREEenrichment type of distribution pattern. Diagenesis: driven by the tectonic stress, the formation waterheated in the deep strata had moved along the fissures or fractures in strata and had extractedcomponents from the strata on the way, and finally stagnated in the flat parts of contact zones betweenrock body and strata. With drop in temperature, magnetite and fluorite were separated from the hotwater and precipitated alternately, forming this hot water sedimentary rock with new typemineralogical composition, typical laminated structure, obvious mosaic texture and sub-horizontaloccurrence. The characteristics of the new type mineralogical composition, sedimentary tectonicenvironment and chemical composition are different from that of the well-known traditionalhydrothermai sedimentary rocks.  相似文献   

Environmental Redox Changes of the Ancient Sea in the Yangtze Area during the Ordo-Silurian Transition     

YAN Detian  CHEN Daizhao  WANG Qingchen  WANG Jianguo  CHU Yang 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(3):679-689

Extensive organic-matter （OM） rich facies （black shales） occur in the Ordo-Silurian boundary successions in the Yangtze area, South China. To investigate the redox changes of the Yangtze Sea during the Ordo-Silurian transition, two OM sections （Wangjiawan in Yichang, Hubei Province, and Sanjiaguan in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province） straddling the Ordo-Silurian boundary are studied. The measurements finished in this study include contents of the total organic carbon （TOC）, pyrite sulphur, and different species of Fe, including dithionite-extractable Fe （FED）, pyrite Fe （FeP）, HCl-extractable Fe （FeH）, and total Fe （FeT）, in black shales, as well as other redox proxies, such as the SIC ratio, the ratio between highly reactive Fe （FeHR = FeD ＋ FeP） and FeT, and the FeP/（FeP ＋ FeH） ratio, known as the degree of pyritization （DOP）. In the Wangjiawan section, the Middle Ashgill sediments have high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.20-0.77; avg. 0.45）, high DOP values （0.21-0.72; avg. 0.54）, and a relatively constant sulfur content independent of the organic carbon content. By the contrast, the mid-early Hirnantian deposits generally have low FeHR/FeT ratios （0.10-0.35; avg. 0.21）, low DOP values （0.11- 0.40; avg. 0.28）, and SIC values are clustering on the normal marine value （SIC = 0.36）. The late Hirnantian and early Rhuddanian deposits, similar to those of the Middle Ashgill deposits, are characterized by high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.32-0.49; avg. 0.41）, high DOP values （0.46-0.68; avg. 0.53） and fairly constant sulfur contents. These data suggest the occurrences of marine anoxia on the Yangtze Sea shelf during intervals of the Mid Ashgill, Late Hirnantian and Early Rhuddanian, and ventilated and oxygenated marine conditions during the mid-early Hirnantian time. The mid-early Hirnantian ventilated event was concomitant with the global glacial period, likely resulted from the glacio-eustatic sea-level fall and subsequent circulation of cold, dense oxygenated waters  相似文献   

南海北部深水盆地沉积-构造的差异性及其油气意义   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

吕宝凤  袁亚娟 《大地构造与成矿学》2008,32(4)

南海北部深水区自西向东依次分布着琼东南盆地、珠江口盆地、台西南盆地等新生代被动陆缘盆地,这些盆地经历了大致相当的从裂陷到坳陷的构造演化史,但在张裂活动过程中存在着明显的沉积-构造的差异性。构造沉降特征分析显示:在同一构造带上自西向东有盆地主要构造沉降发生的时段逐步变晚的趋势;在不同构造带上自北向南有盆地主要构造沉降发生的时段逐步变晚的趋势。这种沉积-构造的差异性对烃源岩的发育类型、分布及生储盖组合等方面有明显的控制作用,表现为:裂谷期构造沉降幅度大的盆地,陆相烃源岩发育,以陆生陆储陆盖型成藏组合为主;裂后期构造沉降幅度大的盆地,海相烃源岩发育规模较大,海生海储海盖型成藏组合及混生海储海盖型生储盖组合所占分量逐渐增多。推测渐新统湖相-湖沼相及海陆过渡相源岩和中新统海相烃源岩应是南海北部深水区油气的主要来源,陆生海储海盖型、海生海储海盖型及混生海储海盖型生储盖组合应是深水区基本生储盖组合类型。  相似文献   

矿井涌水量混沌时间序列分析与预测   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈玉华  杨永国  彭高辉 《煤田地质与勘探》2008,36(4)

矿井地下水系统是个非线性系统,由于地下水系统的复杂性,很难完全确定影响矿井涌水量的因素,因此传统的矿井涌水预测表现出较大的局限性。而混沌时间序列分析能够利用单变量处理方法,分析矿井地下水系统中,由于多因素耦合作用所产生的矿井涌水量时间序列。通过对某矿区1985年9月至2005年2月矿井涌水量时间序列资料的分析,显示矿井涌水量时间序列具有混沌特征;通过对比预测值和实测值,表明预测精度高。因此,混沌时间序列分析方法用于矿井涌水量预测是可行的。  相似文献   

敦化市区地下水动态特征     

王中华  赵志云  李玉璞 《吉林地质》2008,27(3)

本文按不同地下水类型,从地下水的水位、水温、水质三个方面论述了敦化市规划区地下水的动态特征。  相似文献   

潜水面对储层压力的作用机制   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

许浩  汤达祯  张君峰  尹微 《煤田地质与勘探》2008,36(5)

潜水面与地表不一致会使储层压力产生异常,给煤层气勘探开发造成影响。从异常压力的成因机理入手,应用理论分析与实例解剖相结合的方法,通过不同系统中潜水面对储层压力的作用机制研究,分析了开放系统中区域潜水面变化所引起的储层压力变化规律,反映了盆地水动力场作用下的储层压力系统的动态演化过程,指出潜水面变化是储层异常压力形成的重要机制。  相似文献   

ArcGIS与AutoCAD结合在1：50000数据库更新工程中的应用     

卢晓平 《东北测绘》2008,31(1):122-126

由于GIS软件平台与CAD软件平台各自具有的优势不一样,如何把ArcGIS和AutoCAD相结合,利用各自优势,快速有效地进行地形图数据库内业编辑、数据分析;本文重点讨论了GIS和CAD数据交换的问题。  相似文献   

基于非充分掺混模式的流域来水组成模型          下载免费PDF全文

王船海  朱琰  程文辉  向小华 《水科学进展》2008,19(1):94-98

针对如何减小数值求解对流输运方程耗散误差的问题,引进断面计算浓度的概念来计算河段平均浓度,提出了非充分掺混模式的有限控制体积法离散对流输运方程的新算法,据此构建了模拟流域内的水源组成以及不同水源在流域内的时空变化情况的流域来水组成模型。通过数值试验与具体实例验证,结果表明所提出的非充分掺混模式的新算法可有效地提高流域来水模型的计算精度。  相似文献   

广饶县河流污染带地下水水质现状评价与污染分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵金香  王兆林  张淑芳 《地下水》2008,30(3):43-47

多年来由于接纳上游和境内工业、生活污废水,淄河、阳河、织女河三条河流大部分时间水质为劣V类,沿河两测形成2km左右的浅层地下水污染带。对污染带内地下水水质现状进行评价与分析、应用模糊综合评价法进行污染程度评价。得出的结论是河流两岸浅层地下水水质由以优良或良好为主变为以较差或极差为主,污染和微污染的地下水井占81．2％,石油类、亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、挥发酚、硝酸盐氮、高锰酸盐指数等主要污染参数超标率均在30％以上。  相似文献