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In most practical situations, the upper part of a geological section consists of loose sediments, in which heat transfer cannot be described as a purely conductive process. To investigate such situations a one-dimensional numerical model of terrestrial temperature field formation under the combined influence of vertical groundwater filtration and ground surface temperature changes has been developed. The model allows one to consider the perturbation of heat flow interval values resulting from short- and long-period temperature waves propagating into permeable rocks under conditions of advective heat transfer, caused by vertical groundwater filtration. The results show that temperature profiles and interval heat flow values are sensitive to both the paleoclimatic history and the rate of groundwater filtration. The latter plays the prevailing role in the variations of geothermal field parameters, especially within the uppermost part of the loose sediments in unconfined aquifers. The problem was solved for a permeable layer, underlaid by an impermeable layer. This schematisation of water exchange is the typically accepted for hydrogeological analysis. Even at very low rates of filtration the intensity of this effect is enhanced substantially for long-period variations. In the extreme case (for periods of temperature variations of the order of 100,000 years) at typical rates of filtration within the permeable layer, an almost gradient-free zone can be formed down to depths of a few hundred metres. For the case of upward filtration, on the contrary, the influence of climatic variations on the terrestrial temperature field becomes substantially attenuated. 相似文献
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采用Sephacryl S-300凝胶过滤和DEAE Fast Flow阴离子交换两种层析法分离纯化中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)卵黄脂磷蛋白(lipovitellin,Lv),对每个峰进行SDS-PAGE电泳及油红O、甲基绿和Schiff试剂特异染色,峰Ⅱ蛋白均呈阳性,表明峰Ⅱ蛋白为中华鲟卵中的一种卵黄脂磷蛋白,SDS-PAGE电泳分析表明其由一种分子质量为43.5 ku的亚基构成。对中华鲟Lv氨基酸组成进行研究,证明其是一种含有相对较多天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸的蛋白。 相似文献
114.
O.R. Chaparro Y.A. Montiel C.J. Segura V.M. Cubillos R.J. Thompson J.M. Navarro 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,76(4):861-868
The suspension-feeding gastropod Crepipatella dilatata occurs in estuaries in southern Chile that experience considerable fluctuations in salinity, driven by tidal and atmospheric forces. In the Quempillén estuary salinities as low as 9 psu may occur after severe rainstorms, and persist for several hours. In this study salinity was the major factor influencing the clearance rate of C. dilatata. At salinities below 20 psu, filtration ceased, whereas at high salinities (>22 psu) mean clearance rate was 0.24 l h−1 standard animal−1 (S.D. 0.18) for actively filtering individuals. This was confirmed by laboratory experiments under controlled conditions. Endoscopic observations were consistent with measurements of clearance rate, and showed that at salinity 25–30 psu the rate of transport along the gill filaments of particulate material embedded in mucus was 759 μm s−1 (S.D. 480), but particle transport ceased at and below salinity 20 psu. Complete or partial isolation of the mantle cavity from the environment may be a mechanism to protect soft tissues and/or incubated egg capsules from osmotic stress. 相似文献
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超滤分级研究腐殖酸的结构组成 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用切面流超滤技术将Pahokee泥炭腐殖酸分为相对分子质量不同的8个级分,并综合应用元素分析和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、固体13C核磁共振(13C NMR)和裂解-气相色谱-质谱(Py-GC-MS)技术详细研究了分级前后腐殖酸分子的结构组成特征.研究表明,随相对分子质量的增加,腐殖酸分子中的元素碳、元素氢含量增加;而元素氧和含氧官能团含量减少;并且低相对分子质量级分中含有相对较多的木本植物来源的芳香结构,而高相对分子质量级分中含相对较多微生物和植物来源的聚脂肪结构.本研究结果不仅说明环境中的腐殖酸分子是由许多相对分子质量不同、结构性质各异的腐殖酸分子组成,而且这些腐殖酸分子可能与腐殖酸形成过程中各种来源的物质在不同阶段的腐殖化产物有关,表明了腐殖酸类地质大分子物质的非均一性和复杂性. 相似文献
118.
This study focused on clogging processes and on the benthic microalgal and meiofaunal assemblage in the sandy littoral zone of Lake Tegel, which are significantly involved in bank filtration, in a long-term. Our approach combined field studies and “in situ” experiments to highlight the structure of the biological active filter zone as well as the mechanisms and effects of clogging in the interstices that influence the infiltration process.Campaigns to measure “in situ” infiltration rates and hydraulic potential were conducted monthly from March 2004 to April 2005. Meiofaunal abundances and fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) were determined every 6 weeks in freeze cores down to depths of 50 cm. In parallel, concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and chlorophyll a were measured in samples of unfrozen sediment cores, that were divided in 1-cm steps down to depths of ≥10 cm. Similar sediment profiles were generated for analysis of colloidal carbohydrates, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and proteins between December 2005 and June 2006. Electron microscopy was used to visualize biofilm structure. Long-term experiments with natural FPOM and melamine resin particles as fluorescent tracers were performed to study “in situ” particle retention and transport, respectively. Additionally seston input was quantified during a 1-week period in April 2005.Infiltration rates showed a high temporal and spatial variability, but were not correlated with hydraulic conductivities as hydraulic gradients changed a lot. Likewise a correlation between infiltration rates and hydraulic potentials was not observed, indicating clogging processes. These are triggered to a high extend by biological compounds. In addition, seston input and intermittent gas intrusion are considered to reduce the hydraulic conductivity considerably. No significant “in situ” transport of inert natural fluorescent tracers was observed. However, a complete and permanent clogging of the sandy sediment does not occur, and daily infiltration rates of 0.7-27 L m−2 h−1 (mean 9 L m−2 h−1) guarantee a sufficient water supply by bank filtration for decades. 相似文献
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粘性土体具有较强的抗冲能力,其抗冲性强弱决定了河岸的侵蚀速率。为了估算河岸的侵蚀速率,确定粘性土体的起动条件、侵蚀系数及两者之间的数量关系非常重要,为此开展了荆江段河岸粘性土体起动条件与冲刷特性的水槽试验研究。根据试验结果获得了粘性土体的起动流速与土体液限/自然含水率之间关系以及起动切应力与干密度、起动切应力与液性指数之间的定量表达式,综合反映了粘性土起动条件与其物理性质指标之间的关系;结合冲刷特性试验结果,还获得了土体侵蚀系数随起动切应力的变化规律,并与已有其他试验结果进行了比较。结果表明:荆江河岸粘性土侵蚀系数均比相同条件下其他公式计算值偏大,这与该试验土体中粘粒含量相对较低、土体结构受到扰动等因素有关;根据试验结果,拟合得到了荆江河岸粘性土侵蚀系数与起动切应力之间定量关系式,其相关系数R2=0.90,故该关系式能为荆江段崩岸过程的计算提供参考依据。 相似文献