牡丹江和海拉尔台下方地幔间断面结构及推论   总被引：9，自引：6，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

周元泽  臧绍先 《地球物理学报》2001,44(6):761-773

利用牡丹江(MDJ)和海拉尔(HIA)台1988-2000年的宽频带三分量数字地震记录,通过地幔间断面产生的P-SV转换波,研究台站下方地幔间断面的分布以及日本海俯冲带对660km间断面的影响.为了提高所得结果的可靠性,采用了线性-偏振滤波方法和修正的N次根倾斜叠加方法来提取P-SV转换波.前一方法通过实验选取适当的光滑平均和提出立体角的约束;对后一方法进行了震源深度校正和间断面倾斜的修正.结果表明,在MDJ和HIA台下方,除在660,410,220和520km深度附近均存有间断面外,在140,350,570,740和1080km深度附近也存在间断面,显示了地幔中径向分层的复杂性;另外,MDJ台下方660-840km之间的间断面结果比HIA台下方的复杂,似有分层结构,可能反映了俯冲带的影响.  相似文献   

Seismic Response of Base-Isolated Structures underMulti-component Ground Motion Excitation     

Jiang Yicheng Tang Jiaxiang School of Civil Engineering  Huazhong University of Science  Technology  Wuhan 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(1)

INTRODUCTIONConcept of base isolation has attracted considerable attention in recent years (Sun et al., 1994). The basic isolationsystem consists of an array of bearings between the base of thebuilding and its foundation. It shifts the fundamental frequencyof the structure away from the energetic region of the earthquake spectrum and limits the earthquake energy transmitted tothe superstructure (Tang and Liu, 1993 ). Base isolation isused widely to protect structures from the destructive…  相似文献   

太行山造山带岩浆活动特征及其造山过程反演   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

罗照华  邓晋福  赵国春  曹永清 《地球科学》1997,6(3)

太行山造山带被大多数学者称为构造岩浆带，被认为是中生代环太平洋岩浆弧的组成部分．立足于太行山地区燕山期侵入岩类的研究和对比，以岩浆起源、岩浆演化的最新理论作为基础和主线，采用从宏观→微观→宏观的分析对比手法，对不同时期、不同区段侵入岩类的岩石化学、地球化学特征及其反映的成因信息作了详细对比，从而提出了“太行山型”造山带的概念及其形成模式．认为太行山造山带属于一种新的造山带类型，受控于板缘俯冲作用的远距离效应．造山作用以强烈的岩浆活动为标志，以陆壳的双向增厚为特征  相似文献   

Characterizing the urban temperature trend using seasonal unit root analysis: Hong Kong from 1970 to 2015     

Wai-Ming To  Tat-Wai Yu 《大气科学进展》2016,33(12):1376-1385

This paper explores urban temperature in Hong Kong using long-term time series. In particular, the characterization of the urban temperature trend was investigated using the seasonal unit root analysis of monthly mean air temperature data over the period January 1970 to December 2013. The seasonal unit root test makes it possible to determine the stochastic trend of monthly temperatures using an autoregressive model. The test results showed that mean air temperature has increased by0.169?C(10 yr)~(-1)over the past four decades. The model of monthly temperature obtained from the seasonal unit root analysis was able to explain 95.9% of the variance in the measured monthly data — much higher than the variance explained by the ordinary least-squares model using annual mean air temperature data and other studies alike. The model accurately predicted monthly mean air temperatures between January 2014 and December 2015 with a root-mean-square percentage error of 4.2%.The correlation between the predicted and the measured monthly mean air temperatures was 0.989. By analyzing the monthly air temperatures recorded at an urban site and a rural site, it was found that the urban heat island effect led to the urban site being on average 0.865?C warmer than the rural site over the past two decades. Besides, the results of correlation analysis showed that the increase in annual mean air temperature was significantly associated with the increase in population, gross domestic product, urban land use, and energy use, with the R~2 values ranging from 0.37 to 0.43.  相似文献   

Isoprenoids of Okinawan mangroves as lipid input into estuarine ecosystem     

Mohammad Basyuni  Hirosuke Oku  Shigeyuki Baba  Kensaku Takara  Hironori Iwasaki 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(4):601-608

Isoprenoids in the nonsaponifiable lipids (NSL) fraction of Okinawan mangroves were analyzed with special reference to their importance as lipid input into estuarine ecosystems. Triterpenoids and phytosterols comprised the major proportion of NSL. Identifications of the triterpenoids and phytosterols in NSL fraction were based on the interpretation of ¹³C-NMR and GC-MS spectra. The triterpenoids and phytosterols mainly comprised 11 and 6 compounds, respectively. The major components were lupeol, β-amyrin and taraxerol for triterpenoids, and β-sitosterol and stigmasterol for phytosterols. The diversity in the terpenoid composition was noted in both leaves and roots of mangrove species, implying the chemotaxonomic utility of terpenoids. Terpenoid compositions of the root are not always similar to that of leaf, suggesting that terpenoids in the root are produced by biosynthesis in situ, not by translocation of the synthate from the leaf. Terpenoids existed in greater proportion in the outer parts of the root. These data are likely to contribute to estimating the lipid input from mangrove trees adjacent to estuarine sediments and the ocean.  相似文献   

地动噪声RMS值计算方法的适用性及误差概率分析     

李小军  袁松湧  杨大克  谢剑波  马洁美  李冬圣 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(5):447-451

对比两种计算RMS值的方法，结合误差概率统计给出结果的误差概率分布。在使用有限脉冲响应（FIR）带通滤波器进行滤波并计算RMS值的过程中，滤波器窗口函数和阶数是影响计算结果误差的主要因素，其中阶数的作用更大。通过计算功率谱密度（PSD）反算RMS值的误差主要受pwelch函数的窗口函数类型、窗口长度及重叠率等参数影响，其中窗口长度作用更大。从同等误差水平的概率分布看，在合理设置参数的前提下，使用PSD反算RMS值的方法更优。  相似文献   

Hedgerow impacts on soil-water transfer due to rainfall interception and root-water uptake     

G. Ghazavi  Z. Thomas  Y. Hamon  J. C. Marie  M. Corson  P. Merot 《水文研究》2008,22(24):4723-4735

Hedgerow is one of the most important rural landscapes in the world, especially in Europe. Knowledge about the hydrological role of hedgerows is useful in many fields of study, such as hydrological modelling and rural landscape management. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a hedgerow on rainfall distribution, soil-water potential gradient, lateral water transfer and water balance. A hillslope with a hedgerow perpendicular to the slope was monitored. To evaluate hedgerow rainfall interception, rainfall was measured (hourly, daily, and by rainfall event) both next to and up to 16 m upslope and 12 m downslope perpendicularly away from the hedgerow. The strongest correlation between rainfall next to the hedgerow and rainfall at more distant points was obtained using data measured per rainfall event. The average percentage of rainfall intercepted equalled 28% for the leafed period and 12% for the leafless period. The impact of the hedgerow on spatial rainfall distribution was related to distance from the hedgerow and rainfall amount. Annual distribution of soil-water potential showed that the hedgerow influenced it up to 9 m upslope and 6 m downslope, the area in which most of the hedgerow's roots were observed. The soil was driest at the end of summer, which delayed soil rewetting during autumn in areas surrounding the hedgerow. Annual groundwater dynamics exhibited three distinct periods due to temporal rainfall distribution and, especially at the end of summer, root-water uptake. In addition, the total potential gradient showed that unsaturated flow was directed towards the hedgerow in summer and autumn. These results indicate that at the local scale hedgerows influences (1) spatial rainfall distribution, (2) soil rewetting, and (3) groundwater recharge, often at distances well beyond the hedgerow's drip line. Consequently, the processes involved in soil-water dynamics around hedgerows should be integrated into relevant hydrological models, especially for catchments with a dense hedgerow network. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Soil water dynamics and water balance on a tropical coral island     

Shengsheng Han  Suxia Liu  Xingguo Mo  Lihu Yang  Xianfang Song 《水文研究》2021,35(12):e14415

Understanding soil water dynamics and the water balance of tropical coral islands is important for the utilization and management of their limited freshwater resources, which is only from rainfall. However, there is a significant knowledge gap in the influence of soil water on the water cycle of coral islands. Soil water dynamics and the water balance of Zhaoshu Island, Xisha Archipelago were thus investigated using soil moisture measurements and the Hydrus-1D model from October 2018 to September 2019. Over the study period, vegetation transpiration, soil evaporation, groundwater recharge and storage in the vadose zone were approximately 196, 330, 365 and 20 mm, occupying 22%, 36%, 40% and 2% of annual rainfall total (911 mm), respectively. For the wet season (from May to October) these values became 75, 202, 455 and 40 mm, occupying 10%, 26% and 59% and 5% of the seasonal rainfall total (772 mm), respectively. During the dry season (from November to April), a dry soil layer between 40 and 120 cm depth of the soil profile was identified that prevented water exchange between the upper soil layers and the groundwater resulting in the development of deep roots so that vegetation could extract groundwater to supplement their water requirements. Vegetation not only consumes all dry season rainfall (140 mm) but extracts water deeply from groundwater (90 mm) as well as from the vadose layer (20 mm). As such, the vegetation appears to be groundwater-dependent ecosystems. The research results aid us to better understand the process of water dynamics on coral islands and to protect coral island ecosystems.  相似文献   

Remote sensing and ground‐based measurements of evapotranspiration in an extreme cold Patagonian desert          下载免费PDF全文

P. M. Cristiano  D. A. Pereyra  S. J. Bucci  N. Madanes  F. G. Scholz  G. Goldstein 《水文研究》2016,30(24):4449-4461

Accurate estimates of seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) at different temporal and spatial scales are essential for understanding the biological and environmental determinants of ecosystem water balance in arid regions and the patterns of water utilization by the vegetation. For this purpose, remote sensing ET estimates of a Patagonian desert in Southern Argentina were verified with field measurements of soil evaporation and plant transpiration using an open top chamber. Root distribution and seasonal variation in soil volumetric water content were also analysed. There was a high correlation between remote sensing and field measurements of ecosystem water fluxes. A substantial amount of the annual ET occurred in spring and early summer (73.4 mm) using winter rain stored in the soil profile and resulting in water content depletion of the upper soil layers. A smaller amount of annual ET was derived from few rainfall events occurring during the mid or late summer (41.4 mm). According to remote sensing, the 92.9% of the mean annual precipitation returns to the atmosphere by transpiration or evaporation from the bare soil and by canopy interception. Only 7.1% infiltrates to soil layers deeper than 200 cm contributing to the water table recharge. Fourier time series analysis, cross‐correlation methods and multiple linear regression models were used to analyse 11 years of remote sensing data to assess determinants of water fluxes. A linear model predicts well the variables that drive complex ecosystem processes such as ET. Leaf area index and air temperature were not linearly correlated to ET because of the multiple interaction among variables resulting in time lags with ET variations and thus these two variables were not included in the linear model. Soil water content, the fraction of photosynthetic active radiation and precipitation explained 86% of the ET monthly variations. The high volumetric water content and the small seasonal variations at 200‐cm depth were probably the result of little water uptake from deeper soil horizons by roots with low hydraulic conductivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

地铁盾构隧道各阶段平面控制测量的限差分配     

莫中生  王佩贤 《测绘工程》2012,21(4):86-88

结合＂城市轨道交通工程测量规范＂中的相关技术要求,从理论上分析盾构隧道横向贯通误差的主要来源及各阶段平面控制测量误差限值的合理分配,并针对盾构法施工地铁隧道的特点,探讨长大盾构区间地面平面控制点的布设原则及限值的优化配赋。  相似文献