云南暴雨涡散场动能转换函数的动态分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

段旭  尤卫红  许美玲 《热带气象学报》1999,15(2):186-191

对1996年云南主汛期（6－8月）逐日散度风动能和旋转风动能之间的转换函数C（KD,KR）特征进行深入研究,同时分析了C（KD,KR）各项Af、Az、B、C在动能转换函数中所起的作用。研究结果表明,对流层内C（KD,KR）＞0,同时对流层低层的C（K,KR）＞中高层的C（KD,KR）之和．极易出现暴雨过程;Af项在整个动能转换中起主要作用,71％的Af与C（KD,KR）具有相同的符号,Az项和B项在动能转换中起振荡作用,Az＋B控制着29％的动能转换方向。  相似文献   

华北强震地形变及重力前兆特征与孕震机理   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

车兆宏  范燕 《中国地震》1999,15(1):46-53

通过分析华北地区强震地形变及重务前兆特征,发现震前在较大范围内存在与构造密切相关的动力不过程;在震中区介质状态发生变化。在此基础上提出了改进的组合－硬化模式：调整单元的运动,牵动较大范围构造运动的加及断层两侧深层介质密度变化;应力集中单元由于能量的不断积累,介质出现硬化过程。上述机理形成了前兆的各个阶段。  相似文献   

海啸作用下滨水挡土墙抗震转动稳定性上限分析          下载免费PDF全文

(马志宏  郭督  杨轶博  刘杰) 《世界地震工程》2023,39(2):230-238

地震诱发的海啸对沿海围护结构的破坏具有强度大的特点。滨水挡土墙作为重要的围护结构,海啸与地震的联合作用极易造成其发生绕墙踵的被动破坏。采用条分法,将土楔体分割成无数平行于破裂面的刚性土条,并建立绕墙踵转动的挡墙与刚性土条之间的速度容许场。基于极限上限理论,依据外力做功功率等于其内能耗散功率,推导了地震加速度系数的表达式。与经典极限平衡理论相比,该方法考虑了挡墙的位移模式,且无需假设地震土压力的作用位置。分析了浪高与海平面高度之比,内摩擦角φ及墙土摩擦角δ对滨水挡土墙稳定性的影响。  相似文献   

RESEARCH ON PASSIVE SERVO SEISMIC ROTATIONAL ACCELERATION SENSOR WITH LARGE DAMPING          下载免费PDF全文

QU Ming-zhe  GAO Feng  YANG Xue-shan  YANG Dong-xia 《地震地质》2018,40(5):1170-1178

Many strong motion records show that under the strong seismic vibration of, the torsional disfigurement of building structures is a common and serious damage. At present, there are no special sensors for measuring seismic rotation in the world. Most of the experts obtain rotational components through observing deformation, theoretical analysis and calculation. The theory of elastic wave and source dynamics also prove the conclusion that the surface of the earth will rotate when an earthquake occurs. Based on a large number of investigations and experiments, a rotational acceleration sensor was developed for the observation of the rotational component of strong ground motions. This acceleration sensor is a double-pendulum passive servo large-damped seismic rotational acceleration sensor with the moving coil transducer. When an earthquake occurs, the seismic rotational acceleration acts on the bottom plate at the same time. The magnetic circuit system and the middle shaft fixedly connected to the bottom plate follow the bottom plate synchronous vibration, and the moving part composed of the mass ring, the swing frame and the moving ring produces relative corners to the central axis. The two working coils mounted on the two pendulums produce the same relative motion with respect to the magnetic gaps of the two magnetic circuits. Both working coils at this time generate an induced electromotive force by cutting magnetic lines of force in the respective magnetic gaps. The generated electromotive forces are respectively input to respective passive servo large damper dynamic ring transducer circuits and angular acceleration adjusting circuits, and the signals are simultaneously input to the synthesizing circuit after conditioning. Finally, the composite circuit outputs a voltage signal proportional to the seismic rotational acceleration to form a seismic rotational acceleration sensor. The paper presents the basic principles of the rotational acceleration sensor, including its mechanical structure diagram, circuit schematic diagram and mathematical models. The differential equation of motion and its circuit equation are derived to obtain the expressions of the main technical specifications, such as the damping ratio and sensitivity. The calculation shows that when the damping ratio is much larger than 1, the output voltage of the passive servo large damping dynamic coil transducer circuit is proportional to the ground rotation acceleration, and the frequency characteristic of bandpass is wider when the damping ratio is larger. Based on the calibration test, the dynamic range is greater than or equal to 100dB and the linearity error is less than 0.05%. The amplitude-frequency characteristics, the phase-frequency characteristics and their corresponding curves of the passive servo rotational acceleration sensor are acquired through the calculations. Based on the accurate measurement of the micro-vibration of the precision rotating vibration equipment, the desired result is obtained. The measured data are presented in the paper, which verify the correctness of the calculation result. The passive servo large damping rotational acceleration sensor has simple circuit design, convenient operation and high resolution, and can be widely applied to seismic acceleration measurement of earthquake or structure.  相似文献   

一种旋转塑性势面模型及非关联塑性流动法则     

徐日庆  蒋佳琪  冯苏阳  鞠露莹 《岩土力学》2020,41(5):1474-1482

为了较好地描述软土塑性应变发展规律,提出了一种改进的塑性流动模型。该模型采用了与屈服函数形式相同,但具有一定倾角 的塑性势函数。土体在变形过程中,塑性流动方向会依赖于塑性势面的旋转而变化,直至达到破坏状态。通过对常规三轴试验结果的分析可以发现：在剪切过程中,塑性势面旋转角的初值 与终值 较为稳定,不受围压变化影响。在此试验观察基础上,引入了归一化的旋转角参数 以及描述土体应力状态的参数 ,在采用蛋形势函数的情况下二者具有良好的分段线性关系。利用该关系,建立了改进的塑性流动法则,只需要2个额外的模型参数。对所提出的塑性流动模型进行了验证,计算结果表明该模型能较好地反映塑性应变的变化趋势。  相似文献   

冻土CT图像中环形伪影和射线束硬化伪影的成因及校正方法     

陈世杰  马巍  李国玉 《冰川冻土》2020,42(4):1407-1416

冻土CT图像中不可避免地会出现环形伪影和射线束硬化伪影。为解决这些问题, 分析了两类伪影的特征和形成机理, 提出了降低伪影的硬件优化方案。首先, 通过改变X射线管电压, 以此改变X射线光通量来降低冻土CT图像的环形伪影。其次, 利用不同厚度的滤过材料, 将X射线中的低能射线预先过滤, 使得穿过冻土试样的X射线能谱范围变窄, 以此来降低射线束硬化伪影对试样的影响。对比分析结果表明： 将扫描电压提高到120 kV既能有效降低同类型冻土试样CT图像中的环形伪影, 又能保证图像的质量; 选用材质为2A12、 厚度为18 mm的航空铝材, 在扫描电压为120 kV、 扫描电流为230 mA的条件下可以有效抑制射线束硬化所造成的伪影。  相似文献   

Early Analogue Modeling Experiments and Related Studies to Today's Problems of Geo-electromagnetic Exploration     

László Szarka 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2009,20(3)

As I learned it from extensive geo-electromaguetic analogue modeling experiments, some specific nonconventional interpretation parameters, in certain conditions, give more detailed information about the geometry of subsurface resistivity inbomogeneities than the routinely used parameters. In this article, I show several examples, and I present how these early results influenced our later research. An enhanced geometric sensitivity may be due to special array geometry (as we call It "null array"), or it may be due to a narrow and very special frequency range (Le., the so-called "keyhole" range). Nonconventional but physically based interpretation parameters (like the Poyuting vector) or higher order invariants of resistivity or impedance tensors may also give useful additional information about the shape of subsurface bodies. One should be very careful in their application because a large part of these nontroditioual approaches are strongly constrained by measuring errors and geological noise.  相似文献   

考虑土石料颗粒破碎和密度变化的次塑性本构模型建模方法     

周成  陈生水  何建村  何宁  吴艳  张桂荣 《岩土力学》2013,34(Z2):18-21

试验和现场观测都发现高土石坝的坝料在高压及湿化作用下会发生显著的颗粒破碎,颗粒破碎会改变土石料的级配曲线和密度,因而影响其后继力学行为,因此,土石料的颗粒破碎是当前岩土工程领域的研究热点。为了模拟土石料在高压及湿化作用下发生显著的颗粒破碎现象,以及循环加载中的颗粒破碎与应力诱导各向异性随动硬化共同影响下土石料的变形,本文提出了一个建模方法,考虑土石料颗粒破碎和密度变化的影响。所建议的次塑性本构模型在经过试验资料的验证后可用于动力有限元数值计算。  相似文献   

深部盐岩蠕变特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜超  杨春和  马洪岭  施锡林  陈结 《岩土力学》2012,33(8):2451-2456

通过对湖北云应的盐岩和泥岩,以及江苏金坛盐岩的单轴、三轴蠕变试验结果的分析,研究了包括应力、围压等外在条件以及内部组成结构对盐岩蠕变特性的影响。发现盐岩无论在何种围压下,稳态蠕变率都随偏应力的增加而显著地增大;围压起到限制变形的作用,而随着围压增高,围压对稳态蠕变率的影响越来越小;晶粒越大和杂质含量越多,盐岩的蠕变属性越弱。盐岩的蠕变变形是应变硬化和回复效应等内部变形机制共同作用的结果,选用内应力作为内变量可用来描述这种内部微观结构的演化过程。对云应盐岩的多级加载蠕变试验数据进行拟合,确定了非线性蠕变本构方程中的参数,理论与试验结果的比较表明,两者吻合性较好。  相似文献   

基坑开挖数值分析中土体硬化模型参数的试验研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王卫东  王浩然  徐中华 《岩土力学》2012,33(8):2283-2290

土体硬化模型已成为基坑数值分析中最常用的本构模型之一,其应用的关键是计算参数的确定。首先采用薄壁取土器现场取得土样,通过基于GDS的三轴固结排水剪切试验、三轴固结排水卸载-再加载试验及标准固结试验获得了上海典型土层土体的三轴试验应力-应变曲线和固结试验荷载-应变关系曲线。然后根据曲线确定了各土层的HS模型参数,建立了各土层HS模型参数中切线模量 、割线模量 、加载模量 的比例关系,并探讨了这些模量与压缩模量 之间的比例关系。最后将各层的模型参数与模量间的比例关系与国内外其他软土地区的结果进行了比较。试验结果可作为上海地区及其他软土地区基坑工程数值分析中确定HS模型参数时的参考。  相似文献