基于GPS基准网的GPS快速静态定位及动态定位方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈武  胡丛玮  陈永奇  丁晓利 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2001,26(6):518-523

介绍基于GPS基准网进行GSP快速静态定位和动态定位的原理和方法。通过计算基准网改正数及其空间分布，利用内插方法求出用户站的模型误差改正数，不仅可以提高GPS整周模糊度的可靠性，而且能够大大改善GPS测量的精度。利用香港GPS基准网2001年3月的实测数据进行了解算，发现地区在该时间段内受强电离层活动的影响，采用常规GPS测量方法很难确定整周模糊度。利用传统的快速静态定位方法对香港GPS基准网其中一条边（9.2km）24h的观测数据按每15min计算，模糊度确定的准确率仅为45％。采用基准网内插改正数后，仅利用L1的观测数据模糊度确定的准确率提高到100％。点位精度平面位置由2cm提高到5mm，高程精度由4cm提高到3cm。  相似文献   

关于若干化探数据处理方法的讨论   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11  

纪宏金  林瑞庆等 《地质与勘探》2001,37(4):56-59

化探数据处理中的系统误差校正和异常识别方法很多，移动标准化法、分区标准化法和衬度系数法是其中的几种方法，主要对这几种方法做了简单的介绍并对其效果进行了对比，最后着重讨论了C型变换法的优点。  相似文献   

多波束测深系统的高精度差分GPS数据实时优化     

赵洪伟杨胜雄  张志荣彭朝旭　关永贤 《地质通报》2001,20(4):411-414

多波束海底地形探测是目前世界上最为先进的海底地形探测方法.高精度的差分GPS定位是实现多波束系统高精度测深的最基本前提.在海上探测作业过程中,由于客观原因,差分GPS数据存在偶然误差,影响多波束测深精度.本文提出对差分GPS数据进行航速、航向平滑处理、误差定位点位置推算的实时优化方法和数学模型,并给出实际实现的例子.  相似文献   

祁连山北坡流域冰川物质平衡波动及其对河西水资源的影响   总被引：16，自引：27，他引：16  

沈永平  刘时银  甄丽丽  王根绪  刘光 《冰川冻土》2001,23(3):244-250

祁连山北坡各流域发育有现代冰川 2 166条 ,总面积 13 0 8km2 ,冰储量 60km3,冰川融水补给河流约 8× 10 8m3·a-1,占河西地表总径流量的 11% .近 4 0a来 ,东段石羊河流域冰川物质平衡 (Bn)呈较大负平衡 ,Bn在 - 80～ - 12 0mm间 ;西段的讨勒河、疏勒河和党河流域冰川具正物质平衡 ,Bn在+ 5 0～ + 90mm ;黑河流域的冰川处于过渡区 ,其冰川物质平衡多年平均在 - 4 0～ + 4 0mm间 .冰川物质平衡的变化直接影响着河流径流的变化 ,洪水坝河、党河和昌马河的冰川融水补给率达 3 0～ 4 0 %以上 ,东大河、大渚马河、马营河和讨勒河的补给率在 12 %～ 14 %之间 ,而西营河和梨园河仅有 7%左右 .冰川物质平衡逐年变化显示 ,2 0世纪 5 0～ 70年代冰川以负物质平衡为主 ,80年代开始向正的平衡开始转化 ,90年代以正平衡为主 ,主要是冬季气温上升引起的降雪量增加的结果 .在全球气温变暖情景下 ,东段冰川物质平衡将呈增加的趋势 ,西段冰川物质平衡将呈下降的趋势 ,将使西段以冰川融水补给的河流径流增加 ,而东段石羊河流域径流下降明显 .  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布江流域地-气系统的水平衡   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张顺利  陶诗言 《水科学进展》2001,12(4):509-515

利用NCEP/NCAR1980-1989年10年逐日00UTC、12UTC再分析资料及青藏高原降水、径流资料,研究了青藏高原雅鲁藏布江流域的水平衡特征,估算了雅鲁藏布江流域的蒸发、土壤和地下水含量。结果表明:雅鲁藏布江流域夏季是水汽辐合区,降水大于蒸发;秋末到次年春季是水汽通量辐散区,蒸发大于降水。降水主要集中在6～9月。径流的年际变化趋势同降水相近,径流主要是由降水补给的,径流峰值滞后降水峰值一个月。雅鲁藏布江流域土壤及地下含水量从1～6月逐渐减少,7月以后开始增加,10月是土壤及地下水最丰富的时段。20世纪80年代中期和后期降水、蒸发、径流等呈增长趋势,这同ENSO事件有关。  相似文献   

中、低空机载成像光谱图像的几何校正研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张静波 《铀矿地质》2001,17(5):307-313

本文针对我国上海技术物理所研制的OMIS机载128道成像光谱系统试飞所获取的图像、定位和飞行姿态等数据，进行了图像几何修正处理和衫软件开发研究。详细分析了该系统所获取的定位与飞行姿态数据及存在的问题，并制定了相应的处理方案。根据该系统提供的各种参数，建立了航空高光谱图像单因素几何校正模型和几何畸变综合校正方法。对该系统在辽东湾地区试验飞行获取的10条航带图像进行几何校正和多航带镶嵌处理，效果理想。  相似文献   

River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall     

Brent M. Troutman  Thomas M. Over   《Advances in water resources》2001,24(9-10)

An important problem in hydrologic science is understanding how river flow is influenced by rainfall properties and drainage basin characteristics. In this paper we consider one approach, the use of mass exponents, in examining the relation of river flow to rainfall and the channel network, which provides the primary conduit for transport of water to the outlet in a large basin. Mass exponents, which characterize the power-law behavior of moments as a function of scale, are ideally suited for defining scaling behavior of processes that exhibit a high degree of variability or intermittency. The main result in this paper is an expression relating the mass exponent of flow resulting from an instantaneous burst of rainfall to the mass exponents of spatial rainfall and that of the network width function. Spatial rainfall is modeled as a random multiplicative cascade and the channel network as a recursive replacement tree; these fractal models reproduce certain types of self-similar behavior seen in actual rainfall and networks. It is shown that under these modeling assumptions the scaling behavior of flow mirrors that of rainfall if rainfall is highly variable in space, and on the other hand flow mirrors the structure of the network if rainfall is not so highly variable.  相似文献   

Estimating groundwater recharge rates in the southeastern Holstein region, northern Germany     

Roland Otto 《Hydrogeology Journal》2001,9(5):498-511

In the southeastern Holstein region, located to the east of the metropolitan zone of Hamburg, northern Germany, a groundwater investigation program was conducted from 1984 to 2000 by the State Agency for Nature and Environment (Landesamt für Natur und Umwelt, LANU) of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, with the aim of providing long-term, ecologically acceptable groundwater management plans for the region. The focal point of the investigation comprised the determination of groundwater recharge rates. The investigation method was based on the transfer of available lysimeter results from other regions to comparable regions within the area studied. With the help of lysimeter equations, potential amounts of percolation water were calculated. The groundwater recharge rate was then determined after subtraction of the surface runoff which was calculated for the entire area. All computations were performed with a spreadsheet program. Groundwater recharge rates were calculated for two areas. One consisted of roughly determining groundwater recharge rates for the total region (1,392 km²) of southeastern Holstein. The overall goal of these investigations was to identify potential areas of water exploitation. Areas in which groundwater recharge rates are high and groundwater outflow is low are particularly suited to water exploitation, since inflow rates into deeper aquifers are high. These areas are located on the flanks of the Elbe and Stecknitz River valleys. Subsurface groundwater runoff to these lowlands would be reduced through groundwater withdrawal. However, the resulting decline in shallow groundwater tables would be so small that it would have no detrimental ecological effects. Groundwater recharge rates were also calculated for a 110-km² area in the outskirts of Hamburg (Grosshansdorf model area) which is intensively developed for water supply. These investigations showed that the amount of groundwater recharge is already being withdrawn to a large extent. Approximately 65% of the recharge rate is currently withdrawn by the waterworks in this area, thus making further increases in exploitation rates unjustifiable from an ecological point of view. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

Results from the Big Spring basin water quality monitoring and demonstration projects,Iowa, USA     

Robert D. Rowden  Huaibao Liu  Robert D. Libra 《Hydrogeology Journal》2001,9(5):487-497

Agricultural practices, hydrology, and water quality of the 267-km² Big Spring groundwater drainage basin in Clayton County, Iowa, have been monitored since 1981. Land use is agricultural; nitrate-nitrogen (-N) and herbicides are the resulting contaminants in groundwater and surface water. Ordovician Galena Group carbonate rocks comprise the main aquifer in the basin. Recharge to this karstic aquifer is by infiltration, augmented by sinkhole-captured runoff. Groundwater is discharged at Big Spring, where quantity and quality of the discharge are monitored. Monitoring has shown a threefold increase in groundwater nitrate-N concentrations from the 1960s to the early 1980s. The nitrate-N discharged from the basin typically is equivalent to over one-third of the nitrogen fertilizer applied, with larger losses during wetter years. Atrazine is present in groundwater all year; however, contaminant concentrations in the groundwater respond directly to recharge events, and unique chemical signatures of infiltration versus runoff recharge are detectable in the discharge from Big Spring. Education and demonstration efforts have reduced nitrogen fertilizer application rates by one-third since 1981. Relating declines in nitrate and pesticide concentrations to inputs of nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides at Big Spring is problematic. Annual recharge has varied five-fold during monitoring, overshadowing any water-quality improvements resulting from incrementally decreased inputs. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

甘肃中部集水观测试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

柯晓新  杨兴国 《水科学进展》1996,7(2):167-173

根据甘肃省中部的3年集水观测资料,分析了径流系数与集水面材料、坡度、雨强的关系,并结合甘肃河东地区19个气象站的自记降水资料,估算了平均径流系数及其均方差等,为集水技术在农业上的应用提供科学依据.  相似文献