Central Antarctic provenance of Permian sandstones in Dronning Maud Land and the Karoo Basin: Integration of U-Pb and T_DM ages and host-rock affinity from detrital zircons     

J.J. Veevers  A. Saeed 《Sedimentary Geology》2007,202(4):653-676

In conjugate SE Africa and Antarctica, Early Permian sandstones of the Swartrant Formation of the Ellisras Basin, Vryheid Formation of the Karoo Basin, and Amelang Plateau Formation of Dronning Maud Land (DML) were deposited after Gondwanan glaciation on a westward paleoslope. We analysed detrital zircons for U-Pb ages by a laser ablation microprobe-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LAM-ICPMS) and attached age significance only to clusters of three or more overlapping analyses. We analysed Hf-isotope compositions by a multi-collector spectrometer (LAM-MC-ICPMS) and trace elements by electron microprobe (EMP) and ICPMS. These analyses indicate the rock type and source (whether crustal or juvenile mantle) of the host magma, and a “crustal” model age (T_DM^C). The integrated analysis gives a more distinctive, and more easily interpreted, picture of crustal evolution in the provenance area than age data alone.Zircons from the Ellisras Basin are aged 2700-2540 Ma with minor populations about 2815 Ma and 2040 Ma, which correspond with the ages of the upslope parts of the proximal Kaapvaal Craton and Limpopo Belt. Mafic rock is the dominant host rock, and it reflects the Archean granite-greenstone terrane of the Kaapvaal Craton.The three Karoo Basin samples and the two DML samples have zircons with these common properties: (1) 1160-880 Ma, host magma mafic granitoid (< 65% SiO₂) derived from juvenile depleted mantle sources (ε_Hf positive) at 1.65 Ga and 1.35 Ga, with T_DM^C of 2.0-0.9 Ga; (2) 760 to 480 Ma, host magma granitoid and low-heavy rare earth element rock (?alkaline rock-carbonatite), derived from mixed crustal and juvenile depleted mantle sources (ε_Hf positive and negative) at 1.50 Ga and 1.35 Ga, with T_DM^C of 2.0-0.9 Ga.Together with similar detrital zircons in Triassic sandstone of SE Australia, these properties reflect those in upslope central Antarctica, indicating a provenance of ∼ 1000 Ma (Grenville) cratons embedded in 700-500 Ma (Pan-Gondwanaland) fold belts. Detrital zircons in Cambrian sediments of the Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains block and Cambrian metasediments of the Welch Mountains with comparable properties suggest that the central Antarctic provenance operated also in the ∼ 500 Ma Cambrian.  相似文献   

川东南地区志留系小河坝组砂岩特征及物源分析     

朱志军  陈洪德 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(6):1590-1600

通过对川东南地区小河坝组砂岩的碎屑组分、岩屑类型、重矿物组合、地球化学（稀土元素、微量元素）及古流向的研究,分析了小河坝组砂岩的物源方向、母岩类型及源区的构造背景。结果显示：源区为盆地东边江南－雪峰山隆起西侧上元古界板板溪群及其侵入板溪群中的基性岩体、中基性喷出岩体。具有活动大陆边缘、大陆岛弧及被动大陆边缘的构造背景。地球化学研究进一步证明,母岩主要为更老的沉积岩再旋回沉积物及少量岩浆岩。在早志留世小河坝期以华南板块缓慢向扬子板块蠕动方式相拼接,致使扬子板块整体缓慢抬升,同时沉积中心不断向西北方向迁移,造成研究区具有明显沉积旋回性的物源供给特征。  相似文献   

围压对砂岩破裂过程中的应力演化影响分析     

王建强  尹小涛 《岩土力学》2011,32(12):3833-3838

如何准确无损地获取岩土材料的内部应力演化信息,对于研究围压对材料破坏行为的物理机制有很大帮助。在颗粒流数值平台下,设计了0.0、0.5、1.0 MPa砂岩三轴压缩试验,根据获取的试件破坏形态、宏观应力-应变曲线,左右侧、中间竖向设置的上中下部共计9个测量点测得的x、y、xy方向应力监测结果,分析了材料破坏的力学机制和围压对材料破坏的影响机制,结果表明：上左下右剪切带发展优于上右下左,随着围压的增强,对这种优势有抑制作用,即剪切带更倾向于等速发展,这从微裂纹揭示的破坏形态也可以得到间接印证,围压使得变形更为明显。  相似文献   

江西弋阳晚白垩世塘边组风成砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及其物源意义     

王宇佳  陈留勤  李文灏  李鹏程 《地质通报》2019,38(4):667-679

赣东北信江盆地晚白垩世圭峰群塘边组以发育大型高角度交错层理的风成砂岩为特征,总体为干旱气候条件下沙漠沉积环境的产物。该地区所采砂岩样品为紫红色中-细粒长石石英砂岩,碎屑颗粒主要包括石英、长石、云母和岩屑,多呈次圆状,分选性较好。利用碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS测年法,对塘边组风成砂岩进行U-Pb同位素定年,分析物源。碎屑锆石颗粒大多数大于100μm,Th/U值为0.1～2.1,且大部分锆石内部具有清晰的振荡环带结构,表明多数为岩浆锆石。~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为141.4±1.2Ma。锆石U-Pb年龄主要集中于5个年龄段,分别是137～170Ma、431～506Ma、798～1172Ma、1268～2493Ma、2501～3488Ma。这些主要年龄区间与中国东南地区已知的岩浆事件对应,分别为燕山运动、加里东运动、晋宁运动、吕梁运动。其中,燕山期酸性火山-侵入杂岩提供了主要物源。结合风成砂岩交错层理反映的古风向数据,认为弋阳塘边组碎屑物质主要来自盆地北西部的九岭地区及北东部地区。  相似文献   

甘泉—富县地区长7致密砂岩储层成岩相的定量识别及其对含油性的控制作用     

李红进  张道勇  葛云锦  王翊超  徐刚 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(6):1529-1539

以岩心分析、测井数据为基础,结合薄片鉴定、扫描电镜等分析手段对鄂尔多斯盆地甘泉-富县地区长7致密砂岩储层的岩性、物性以及成岩相进行了研究。长7致密砂岩储层岩性主要以长石砂岩为主,孔隙度主要分布在3%~10%之间,渗透率主要分布在0.05~0.60 mD之间。依据成岩作用类型和强度及成岩矿物组合特征,并结合孔隙发育特征,将研究区内岩相划分为中压实绿泥石薄膜胶结原生粒间孔相、中压实不稳定组分溶蚀溶孔相、强压实弱溶蚀微孔相、强压实伊利石胶结致密相和强压实钙质胶结致密相5类。通过对成岩相较为灵敏的自然伽马和声波时差交汇建立成岩相识别标准,利用"优势相"法绘制研究区成岩相平面图。勘探成果显示,成岩相对致密油富集具有一定控制作用。  相似文献   

华北陆块南部平顶山砂岩的最大沉积年龄和物源区:来自碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄的证据     

曹高社  方磅磅  孙凤余  余爽杰  徐海亭 《岩石学报》2019,35(8):2518-2544

平顶山砂岩是华北陆块晚古生代地层上部的一个显著的标志层,以其广泛的分布、特殊的岩性,以及对晚古生代地层的分划性而著称,暗示了平顶山砂岩可能是一次地质事件的记录,但有关平顶山砂岩的沉积时代和沉积环境一直是争论的焦点。本项研究选取华北陆块南部平顶山砂岩的创名地点———平顶山地区,及其北部巩义地区和宜阳地区的平顶山砂岩样品,进行碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,并辅以Hf同位素测定,分析平顶山砂岩的最大沉积年龄和沉积物源区,在此基础上,进一步分析平顶山砂岩的沉积时代和沉积环境。研究表明,华北陆块南部平顶山、巩义和宜阳地区平顶山砂岩4个样品的碎屑锆石主要为古生代岩浆锆石和前寒武纪变质锆石。其中,古生代锆石占13%,具有～259Ma、～318Ma和～435Ma的峰值年龄;前寒武纪锆石占87%,具有显著的～1871Ma和～2459Ma峰值年龄,还有两个仅由3颗锆石组成的不明显的峰值～812Ma和～976Ma。采用最年轻单颗粒年龄(YSG)限定地层最大沉积年龄的方法,确定出三个地区4个样品YSG年龄分别为249±8Ma、260±7Ma、252±7Ma和248±7Ma,与二叠系-三叠系沉积界线年龄251.0±0.4Ma相接近,推测平顶山砂岩的底界可能是二叠纪与三叠纪的接触界线,即华北陆块南部平顶山砂岩的地质时代应归属于早三叠世。根据平顶山砂岩的沉积和构造背景分析,以及与潜在物源区年龄图谱和值的对比,平顶山砂岩的主要物源区为华北陆块北部内蒙古隆起上的晚古生代侵入岩体和华北陆块的变质基底,次要物源区为北秦岭造山带加里东期的中-酸性花岗质侵入岩和～1000Ma花岗岩或被侵入的该地区的主要变质地层(秦岭群、二郎坪群和宽坪群)。根据平顶山砂岩最大沉积年龄和沉积物源区分析,结合平顶山砂岩下伏地层(山西组、下石盒子组和上石盒子组)沉积物几乎全部来源于华北陆块北部的内蒙古隆起,平顶山砂岩上覆的石千峰组(除平顶山砂岩之外)的物源主要来源于北秦岭造山带的认识,推测平顶山砂岩可能是二叠纪与三叠纪之交沉积和构造环境变化在华北陆块南部的物质表现。  相似文献   

Formation mechanisms of calcite cements in tight sandstones of the Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation,northeastern Central Sichuan Basin     

Y. H. Qing  J. Y. Wu  J. J. Yang  S. L. Zhang  C. H. Xiong 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(5):723-740

The characteristics and formation mechanism of calcite cements in the tight sandstone of the Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation in the northeastern Central Sichuan Basin were analysed using petrographic and isotopic techniques. In the tight sandstone of the Lianggaoshan Formation, cements are mostly calcite and occur as poikilitic, pore-filling, fracture-filling and replacement of clastic particles. Contents of Al, Si, Fe and Mn in the poikilitic calcites are significantly less than that in the dissolution pore-filling and metasomatic calcites. Three stages (early, middle and late) of authigenic calcites correspond to temperature ranges of <60, 60–100 and ≥100?°C, respectively, with most calcite cements formed under lower temperature (<100?°C) conditions. The δ¹⁸O values of the early–middle authigenic calcites are in equilibrium with connate water, and the δ¹⁸O values of late calcites are depleted in ¹⁸O indicating equilibrium at higher temperatures. The early authigenic calcites precipitated in a relatively open system associated with CO₂ from bacterial fermentation at an immature to low-mature stage, and a Ca²⁺- and alkaline-rich environment owing to hydration–hydrolysis and dissolution of silicate minerals during phase A of eodiagenesis. The middle–late authigenic calcites precipitated in a relatively closed system with CO₂ from decarboxylation of organic acids and Ca²⁺ from dissolution of silicate minerals and transformation of clay minerals during phase B of eodiagenesis to mesodiagenesis. Calcite cements mainly occur in the medium and fine sandstones of sand flats and beach bars. Authigenic calcite dissolution is extremely weak, and calcite cementation is pore-space destructive.  相似文献   

Lateral and vertical juxtaposition of matrix‐rich and matrix‐poor lithologies caused by particle settling in mixed mud–sand deep‐marine sediment suspensions     

Katrina Angus  Robert William Charles Arnott  Viktor Terlaky 《Sedimentology》2019,66(3):940-962

Sandy sedimentary rocks rich in detrital matrix (>10% silt/clay) have long been recognized in the ancient sedimentary record, and nowhere more commonly than in deep‐marine turbidite systems. Despite this, their depositional mechanisms remain poorly understood, in part because these rocks, which are enriched in fine‐grained sediment, are often poorly exposed in outcrop or are confined to observation in core. Matrix‐rich strata in the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, in contrast, are very well‐exposed and show systematic changes in lithofacies over distances of several tens to a few hundreds of metres along‐strike. Notably, these strata are observed in both basin floor and continental slope deposits, suggesting that their occurrence and systematic lithological arrangement is related to mechanistic, rather than palaeogeographic, controls. Specifically, the facies transect consists of structureless, clayey sandstone that transforms along‐strike to a two‐layer deposit with the development of an upper, planar‐based, markedly more matrix‐rich layer. Further along‐strike, the basal clayey sandstone thins and eventually pinches out, leaving only the (upper) sandy claystone layer, which in turn thins along‐strike and then pinches out. These systematic changes in lithology, but more specifically the distribution of clay, is interpreted to form a depositional continuum related to particle settling in a horizontally advecting, high concentration particle suspension formed along the margins of an avulsion‐related high‐energy turbulent suspension.  相似文献   

古新世特提斯喜马拉雅南亚带石英砂岩成因及其构造意义:以藏南岗巴地区古新统基堵拉组为例     

刘庆山  魏玉帅  张宝森  潘婉莹 《现代地质》2019,33(3):561-573

特提斯喜马拉雅南亚带作为印度被动大陆北缘的主要构造单元,相较于其他类似构造单元发育着多套特殊的石英砂岩,意味着被动大陆边缘物源区陆源碎屑供应能力的多次变化,而引起印度被动大陆北缘石英砂岩沉积的构造背景和构造意义尚不明确。以特提斯喜马拉雅南亚带的岗巴地区古新统基堵拉组石英砂岩为例,通过砂岩碎屑成分分析、古流向恢复、重矿物分析和碎屑锆石年代学方法,对基堵拉组石英砂岩的沉积学及物源区特征,以及蕴含的成因和构造意义进行探讨。从沉积相分析结果来看,在早古新世岗巴地区所属的板块为印度被动大陆边缘,处于新特提斯洋的海岸线附近,以滨岸相为主,显示了一种浅海陆棚到陆相的变化。从砂岩岩相学的结果分析,基堵拉组的陆源碎屑物主要是成熟度极高的石英砂岩,同时古水流近NNE方向。从碎屑锆石年代学数据分析结果可知,基堵拉组的碎屑锆石年龄特征与早白垩世德干高原地区相吻合。故认为基堵拉组石英砂岩的形成是由于印度北缘的陆源碎屑供应量突然增多与被动大陆边缘物源区构造抬升导致,而引起被动大陆边缘物源区构造抬升的原因主要与德干大火成岩省形成相关。最终认为石英砂岩的发育成因与印度大陆北缘德干大火成岩省形成时构造隆升所导致的稳定克拉通再活化有关。  相似文献   

滇东北地区中泥盆世缩头山组一段沉积特征及其含矿性     

王子正  江新胜  周邦国  潘宁槿  陆生林 《矿物岩石》2019,39(2):90-98

滇东北地区产出超大型石英砂岩矿床,其主要含矿层位为中泥盆世缩头山组一段。针对滇东北彝良地区缩头山组一段进行的剖面测量、钻探和槽探等一系列研究显示,研究区缩头山组一段厚度为62.8m^222.7m,主要由灰白色厚层状中细粒石英砂岩组成,平行层理、冲洗层理、浪成交错层理和浪成波痕发育,波浪作用特征明显;薄片研究显示,缩头山组一段石英砂岩具颗粒支撑、硅质胶结、凹凸-线接触结构特征,石英砂颗粒压溶和次生加大现象明显;粒度分析显示,石英砂岩粒度集中分布于1.5Φ~3.5Φ之间,缺少拖移总体和悬移总体,跃移总体高达99%,由两个次总体构成,为典型的前滨带粒度分布特征;化学分析显示,缩头山组一段石英砂岩的SiO2化学纯度达99.05~99.39,平均为98.99(N=11),超过平板玻璃原料一级品的工业标准。可以认为,缩头山组一段石英砂岩为结构成熟度和矿物成熟度极高的滨岸高能前滨带石英砂岩,经成岩作用的进一步纯化,其粒度特征和化学纯度已经达到高纯石英砂岩的标准,可望成为高纯石英的原材料,并可为扩大滇东北地区高纯石英矿资源潜力提供精准的找矿方向。  相似文献