西安城市化对气温变化趋势的影响   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

高红燕  蔡新玲  贺皓  王骊华  寇小兰  张宏 《地理学报》2009,64(9):1093-1102

利用1951-2006年西安及周围3站点的气象数据分析了城市气温变化和周围台站温度变化的差异,给出了4个测站不同阶段、不同季节城市化影响气温变化的趋势系数及线性变化趋势。结果表明：城市化对气温的影响具有明显的阶段性和季节性。1980年以前,无论平均气温还是月最低气温和最高气温,西安与其周围站点的线性趋势系数及线性变化趋势相差不大;但在1980年以后,城市站的线性趋势系数明显大于周围站点的趋势系数,特别是在1993年以后,西安站的平均气温、最高和最低气温线性趋势系数远大于其周围站点的趋势系数,是周围站点的1.6~3.5倍,说明城市的热岛效应不但提高了城市的温度同时也改变城市的增温率,使得城市气温增温率加大。西安及其周围站的线性增暖趋势在春季最大,其中西安达到2.20 ^oC/10a,是其它季节的2~4倍;秋季的线性增暖幅度次之,夏季最小。热岛效应对最高气温的最大贡献在春季,对最低气温的最大贡献在冬季。  相似文献   

山西流体观测井水位与气压相关性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘国俊  杨海祥  黄春玲  王向阳  张文男  李民  刘晓萍 《山西地震》2009,(2):7-10,30

分析了山西省流体观测井水位动态特征,利用高阶差分、回归分析方法计算了2008年山西省各观测井水位与气压相关系数,得到了气压系数的背景值,进而对气压干扰因素进行定量化的排除,并对各井的气压系数进行对比分析。结果表明,不同的观测井孔水位受气压影响程度不同,对于某一个观测井孔而言,气压系数及相关系数的变化是有一定规律的。  相似文献   

Travel distance of failed slopes during 2004 Chuetsu earthquake and its evaluation in terms of energy     

T. Kokusho  T. IshizawaK. Nishida 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009

A number of slope failures during the 2004 Niigataken Chuetsu earthquake were investigated, revealing that the travel distance becomes longer as the slope gets gentler and the failed soil mass gets larger. An energy-based approach, proposed in previous research to evaluate the travel distance of failed slopes, is modified by adding the model test results and introducing a simple evaluation method. The energy approach is then applied to a number of slopes failed during the earthquake to back-calculate mobilized friction coefficients, revealing their strong dependency on initial slope inclinations. The friction coefficient was found to be smaller than the initial slope inclination for gentler slopes, indicating that the failed soil mass tends to accelerate. In contrast, that for steeper slopes was higher than initial slope inclination. The friction coefficient was found to decrease with increasing volume of failed slope, which is quite consistent with previous case studies including large non-seismic landslides.  相似文献   

1830年磁县7．5级地震震源区尾波衰减特征     

宋晓煜  张小涛  韩胜  边鹏飞 《华北地震科学》2009,27(4):22-25

利用磁县数字地震台记录到的近震波形资料,采用Aki尾波单次散射模型,计算1830年磁县7．5级大地震震源区50km范围内的尾波Qc值;经多地震拟合得出在尾波流逝时间为20s时,Qc=（70．2±29．3）f^（0.8054±0.1615）;40s,时Qc=（96．6±25．3）,f^（0.7772±0.1098）。结果表明,磁县震源区Q0值较低,震区地震波衰减比邢台、唐山震区快;η值表明Qc值对频率的依赖性弱于邢台和唐山震区。  相似文献   

基于ANSYS的灵敏度分析及其在单层网壳中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨大彬  张毅刚  吴金志 《世界地震工程》2009,25(4)

基于实验数据的灵敏度分析是一种可靠有效的分析方法,详细阐述了ANSYS中基于实验数据的灵敏度分析基本原理,为基于ANSYS的结构灵敏度分析提供参考;应用ANSYS对一个Schwedler型单层球面网壳进行了灵敏度分析,得出了几种结构响应对于杆件的灵敏度值,将不同位置的杆件对于几种结构响应的影响程度进行了量化,可为该类型单层网壳的设计及响应控制提供参考,通过对计算结果的分析验证了基于实验数据灵敏度分析的高效性和可靠性.  相似文献   

薄油层时移地震差异波形特征探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

王大伟  刘震  陈小宏  吴时国 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(1):170-175

开发导致的时移地震差异代表了油藏的岩石物理性质变化,本文从差异波形角度出发,明确了声波阻抗界面的反射系数与油层声波阻抗变化之间的函数关系,进而分析薄油层时移地震差异波形特征.通过分析得出,开发前后油层阻抗变化越大,时移地震的差异振幅幅度越大;薄油层的差异波形特征仅与油层的声波阻抗变化有关,油层声波阻抗增大导致与地震子波微分形式相同的差异波形,油层声波阻抗减小产生的差异波形与180°相位的地震子波微分形式相同;油层声波阻抗变化方向导致差异波形振幅幅度变化的快慢.  相似文献   

Uncertainty propagation of hydrodispersive transfer in an aquifer: an illustration of one-dimensional contaminant transport with slug injection     

David Ching-Fang Shih  Yue-Gau Chen  Gwo-Fong Lin  Yih-Min Wu 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(5):613-620

It is evident that the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient and linear flow velocity dominate solute transport in aquifers. Both of them play important roles characterizing contaminant transport. However, by definition, the parameter of contaminant transport cannot be measured directly. For most problems of contaminant transport, a conceptual model for solute transport generally is established to fit the breakthrough curve obtained from field testing, and then suitable curve matching or the inverse solution of a theoretical model is used to determine the parameter. This study presents a one-dimensional solute transport problem for slug injection. Differential analysis is used to analyze uncertainty propagation, which is described by the variance and mean. The uncertainties of linear velocity and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient are, respectively, characterized by the second-power and fourth-power of the length scale multiplied by a lumped relationship of variance and covariance of system parameters, i.e. the Peclet number and arrival time of maximum concentration. To validate the applicability for evaluating variance propagation in one-dimensional solute transport, two cases using field data are presented to demonstrate how parametric uncertainty can be caught depending on the manner of sampling.  相似文献   

Towards continuous long-term measurements of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in turbid coastal waters   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Thomas H. Badewien  Elke Zimmer  Alexander Bartholomä  Rainer Reuter 《Ocean Dynamics》2009,59(2):227-238

The dynamics of sediment transport in the East Frisian Wadden Sea are important for the coastal zone and for ecosystem functioning. The tidal inlets between the East Frisian islands connect the back-barrier intertidal flats to the North Sea. Here, concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the water column are highly variable, depending on weather conditions and tides. In order to estimate the nature and quantity of sediment transport, in situ measurements were carried out at a Time Series Station in the tidal inlet between the islands of Spiekeroog and Langeoog. This study shows the suitability of multispectral transmissometry (MST) for obtaining long-term SPM measurements with high resolution. The comparability of this technique to the standard filter method and the laser diffraction method [laser in situ scattering and transmissometry (LISST)] is demonstrated. In addition, the Junge coefficients derived from both MST and LISST measurements are compared. A time series of SPM data covering nearly 4 months is presented. As a major result, the data reveal that a single storm surge can have less impact on SPM dynamics than longer-lasting gales. This high-resolution long-term data set is very valuable for modelling suspended matter flux. It also provides background information for studying the influence of SPM dynamics on coastal sediments.  相似文献   

L1-L2范数联合约束稀疏脉冲反演的应用     

王宇  韩立国  周家雄  李海鹏 《地球科学》2009,34(5):835-840

稀疏脉冲反演实际上就是利用反褶积原理, 从带有噪声的地震道中计算出具有稀疏分布特征的反射系数的振幅和时间.稀疏脉冲反演是非线性优化问题, 通常都是把非线性优化问题转化为线性优化问题, 然后用线性优化算法求解.以范数约束为基础, 提出L1-L2范数联合约束求解的方法.该算法采用了目前国际流行的内点算法, 与传统的优化算法相比, 这种算法具有精度高, 速度快的优点.通过研究人工模型和南海某油田实际数据, 表明该算法的计算结果和测井记录吻合好, 提高了地震分辨率, 目的层段分辨率优于8m.利用反射系数剖面预测的储层厚度和开发井吻合很好, 大大地降低了资源量计算的风险和油田开发的不确定性.   相似文献   

不耦合装药爆破对硬岩应力场影响的数值分析   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

姜鹏飞  唐德高  龙源 《岩土力学》2009,30(1):275-279

爆破地震勘探石油是一种重要的方法,但爆破地震效应与爆破参数、地质条件等密切相关。采用动力有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,对柱状炸药与药孔壁之间为空气或其他介质以及空隙间距变化时碳酸盐岩岩石中爆炸应力波的传播规律和爆炸地震波能量的衰减特性进行了数值模拟研究,得到了不耦合装药爆炸时岩石应力、振动速度的衰减规律以及与不耦合系数、间隙介质的关系,分析了不耦合效应对爆炸地震波能量的影响。研究表明,不耦合或耦合不好时会使岩体中爆炸应力波的强度大大降低;耦合状态对岩体应力及速度的衰减系数和衰减指数影响较大;在空隙中注水或灌满泥浆会改善它们的耦合关系,增大下传的爆破能量。所得成果可为我国西南地区优选适合碳酸盐地层地震勘探的激发因素提供技术途径和方法。  相似文献