马海盐湖高含泥、低品位地表固体钾矿矿浆絮凝沉降试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

李海民  马金元  张全有  边红利 《盐湖研究》2012,20(1):34-39

研究了非离子聚丙烯酰胺、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、聚氧化乙烯、聚合氯化铝等絮凝剂对马海盐湖泥湖高不溶物矿浆的絮凝沉降效果,给出了研究结果。此项研究对高不溶物可溶盐矿物母液的回收利用有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

Sedimentary processes on the Crimean continental margin in the Black Sea     

V. M. Sorokin  A. V. Starovoitov  A. G. Roslyakov 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2009,64(1):1-9

Structural specific features of the sedimentary succession on the continental margin of the South Crimea in the Black Sea have been examined in the Yalta Area using geomorphologic, acoustic, and lithologic methods. Alternation of regressive and transgressive sequences has been ascertained in sediment sections formed on the shelf and in the Yalta deep-sea fan due to Quaternary oscillations of the basin level. The analysis of sediment sections resulted in revealing a leading role of sedimentary material transference from upper hypsometric levels to lower ones in the sediment accumulation.  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地深部有利储层发育的主控因素   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

蒋凌志  牛嘉玉  张庆昌  徐国民  孟元林  肖丽华 《地质论评》2009,55(1):73-78

本文主要从沉积、成岩方面及与之相关的因素来分析渤海湾盆地深部有利储层发育的主控因素。研究认为,除了沉积作用外,低地温梯度、高沉积速率、高加热速率、高生烃强度和异常压力等因素影响了成岩作用的进程和强度,对深部储层原生孔隙的保存和次生孔隙的形成产生积极的作用,造成了中部黄骅坳陷深层相对高孔高渗储层发育层段多,物性好,而东部辽河坳陷次之,西部冀中坳陷最差。  相似文献   

Quantifying sedimentation patterns of small landslide-dammed lakes in the central Oregon Coast Range     

Logan R. Wetherell  Lisa L. Ely  Joshua J. Roering  Megan K. Walsh  Molly J. Burchfield  Keifer E. Nace  Meaghan M. Wetherell  William T. Struble 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(7):1375-1392

Understanding sedimentation patterns in small coastal watersheds due to landscape perturbations is critical for connecting hillslope and fluvial processes, in addition to managing aquatic habitats for anadromous fish and other aquatic species in the Oregon Coast Range (OCR). Changes in sedimentation patterns spanning the last 250 years are preserved in two landslide-dammed lakes in small watersheds (< 10 km²) underlain by the Tyee Formation in the central OCR. Dendrochronology of drowned Douglas-fir stumps in both lakes provided precise timing of the damming and formation of the lakes, with Klickitat Lake forming in winter ad 1751/52 and Wasson Lake in winter ad 1819/20. Perturbations from wildfires, logging and road development, and previously underappreciated snow events affect sedimentation rates in the lakes to different degrees, and are identified in the sediment record using cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs), high-resolution charcoal stratigraphy, local fire records, and aerial photography. Each lake has variable sedimentation accumulation rates (0.05–4.4 cm yr⁻¹) and mass accumulation rates (0.02–1.42 g cm⁻² yr⁻¹). Sedimentation rates remained low from the landslide-damming events until the mid-19th century, when they increased following stand-replacing wildfires. Aside from a sediment remobilization triggered by human modification of the landslide dam at Klickitat Lake around 1960, the largest peaks in mass accumulation rates in the mid-20th century at both lakes in the early 1950s precede major road construction and logging activity in the watersheds. Subsequent sedimentation rates are lower, but variable, and possible effects of logging and road development might be exacerbated by abnormal precipitation and heavy snow events. A comparison of previous studies of landslide-dammed lakes in larger watershed of the OCR are consistent with our findings of increased sedimentation in the mid-20th century, as well as higher sedimentation rates in the debris-flow dominated southern Tyee Formation than in the lower-relief northern Tyee Formation.  相似文献   

同构造沉积分析反演逆冲构造变形过程--燕山东段凌源南部中生代逆冲构造变形过程研究   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  

张长厚  徐德斌  张维杰  Tim COPE  王根厚  孙卫华  肖伟峰  张忠义  张军龙 《地学前缘》2004,11(3):227-243

介绍了同构造沉积分析的基本概念、研究思路、主要研究方法及其在区域构造变形过程研究中的重要作用。基于对辽西凌源南部区域构造变形、晚侏罗世土城子组同构造沉积粗碎屑沉积物成分变化规律的研究 ,获得如下主要认识 :( 1)同构造沉积始于髫髻山组火山活动之后 ;沉积物成分变化及古水动力特征表明 ,同构造沉积物源区主体位于盆地西侧褶皱隆起区 ,而不是来自南东方向的大型逆冲断层上盘的前渊沉积 ;而且显示了正常层序的物源区倾斜岩层的剥蚀和揭顶过程 ;当时的剥蚀作用已达中元古界蓟县系雾迷山组上部。 ( 2 )分布于郭家店盆地和邓杖子盆地之间的中元古界长城系地层“残片” ,与其东侧北票组间为向SEE逆冲的断层接触 ,而西侧与土城子组 (原邓杖子组 )之间为不整合接触 ;在老虎沟东南长城系地层“残片”不复存在的区域 ,土城子组不整合于北票组之上。该“残片”很可能是髫髻山组火山活动之前指向SEE的逆冲构造变形形成的飞来峰构造的残余部分。( 3 )凌源南部中生代逆冲构造变形可以区分为 :早侏罗世北票组之前 (印支期 )由北向南的逆冲作用、北票组之后髫髻山组之前向SEE的冲断推覆、髫髻山组之后的逆冲褶皱变形与同构造沉积作用以及九佛堂组之后局部的逆冲作用。指向SEE的主要逆冲作用以及伴生褶皱变形  相似文献   

Lithologic Hydrocarbon Deposits in Rift Lake Basins in Eastern China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ZHENG Herong  HE Zongquan Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute  SINOPEC  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(3):644-650

The rift lake basins in the eastern China have abundant hydrocarbon resources of lithologic deposits, which resulted from excellent source rocks and multi-type sandbodies developed during strong rifting. Vertically, the lithologic deposits are mainly distributed in the lowstand, lacustrine invasion and early highstand systems of third-order sequence corresponding to a secondary tectonic episode of strong rifting, and laterally they are closely related to various fans and turbidite sandbodies controlled by syn-sedimentary faults. A variety of lithologic traps have been developed in the rift lake basins, and they generally have favorable conditions of source-reservoir-seal assemblage and hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics, indicating that there is a great exploration potential of lithologic deposits in the rift lake basins. In order to obtain satisfactory effects of lithologic deposit exploration, it is required to combine new theories with advanced technical methods.  相似文献   

Spatially distributed modelling of soil erosion and sediment yield at regional scales in Spain   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Joris de Vente  Jean Poesen  Gert Verstraeten  Anton Van Rompaey  Gerard Govers 《Global and Planetary Change》2008,60(3-4):393-415

Initiated by the need to quantify erosion rates and the impacts of global changes on erosion, several attempts have been made to apply erosion models at regional scales. However, these models have often been directed towards on-site soil erosion estimates, emphasising sheet and rill erosion processes, and disregarding gully erosion, channel erosion and sediment transport. These models are therefore of limited use for the assessment of sediment yield, off-site impacts of erosion, and for the development of environmental management to control these impacts at regional scale. This study analyses and compares three spatially distributed models for the prediction of soil erosion and/or sediment yield at regional scales: the WATEM-SEDEM model that is based on the empirical Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in combination with a sediment transport equation, the physics-based Pan European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment model (PESERA), and a newly developed Spatially Distributed Scoring model (SPADS). The three models were applied to 61 Spanish drainage basins and model predictions were evaluated against data on measured reservoir sedimentation rates. Global data sets on land use, climate, elevation and soil characteristics were used as model input for WATEM-SEDEM and SPADS, whereas published soil erosion estimates of PESERA at 1 km² resolution were used directly. SPADS and WATEM-SEDEM provided best results after separate calibration for basins with a Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) higher than 5% and those with an SDR lower than 5%. In this way, SPADS explained 67% of variation in sediment yield, while WATEM-SEDEM explained 48% of the variation. PESERA represents a promising alternative to the use of empirical models at the regional scale as it can be applied to very diverse environments with little calibration. However, PESERA provides soil erosion rates and not sediment yield estimates. For most basins PESERA soil erosion rates vary between fifty and close to zero percent of total sediment yield. Two major factors may explain this discrepancy between modelled soil erosion rates and measured sediment yield. First, it may be that PESERA underestimates soil erosion under Mediterranean conditions, although PESERA soil erosion rates are of the same order of magnitude as erosion rates measured in erosion plot studies. Second, gully-, river channel erosion and sediment transport processes may be much more important than sheet- and rill erosion for regional scale sediment yield in these environments. These issues therefore require further attention in future model development. Although spatially lumped models provide better predictions of sediment yield at the basin scale, and while validation of the predicted spatial patterns of sources and sinks of sediment requires further research, spatially distributed models are expected to be of value to support management decisions regarding the assessment of on-site and off-site impacts of erosion at the regional scale.  相似文献   

Distribution Characteristics of Effective Source Rocks and Their Control on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: A Case Study from the Dongying Sag, Eastern China   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

ZHU Guangyou  JIN Qiang  ZHANG Shuichang  DAI Jinxing  ZHANG Linye  LI Jian Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration  Development  China National Petroleum Corporation  Beijing  E-mail: zhugy Faculty of Geo-resource  Information  University of Petroleum  Dongying  Shandong Geo-science Academy in Shengli Oil Fiel  Dongying  Shandong 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(6):1275-1288

The exploration conducted in the Bohai Bay basin, eastern China has demonstrated that the abundant petroleum resources have close affinities to the hydrocarbon kitchen with rich organic matter. A number of oil-generating associations with various characteristics of organic geochemistry and assemblages of multiple reservoir facies are developed due to the multi-center sedimentation, multi-source supply and multi-cycle evolution of filling, which have resulted in the formation of multiple oil and gas accumulation zones of various layers and trap styles. Among them the Paleogene Shahejie Formation is the most important hydrocarbon accumulation combination in the Dongying sag. Heretofore, its proved reserve has reached nearly 1.8×109t, which accounts for more than 90% of the total proved reserves of the Dongying sag. Based on previous studies, more than 600 source rock samples and 186 crude oil samples of the Shahejie Formation, collected from 30 oilfields, have been treated with organic geochemical testing  相似文献   

Late Holocene environmental changes and anthropogenic impact in Dee Why Lagoon,New South Wales     

C. Chagué  D. Edwards  J. Ruszczyk  P. Gadd  A. Zawadzki  G. Jacobsen 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(5):657-670

Late Holocene environmental changes were examined in Dee Why Lagoon, New South Wales, based on the sedimentological, geochemical and geochronological analysis of six cores collected from the fluvial delta and lagoon basin. The lagoon formed about 7300–7200?cal yr BP, following the post-glacial marine transgression and establishment of a sand barrier. Infilling of the lagoon occurred at a rate of 0.09–0.15?mm/yr until about 3300–3200?cal yr BP, when the barrier closed, resulting in mostly freshwater conditions, as evidenced by a change from pyrite-rich units to sediment containing little sulfur and a lack of foraminifera. Sedimentation rates increased to 0.23 then 0.43?mm/yr until about 100?years ago. Post-European land clearance led to an increase in sedimentation rates to 1.0–1.3?mm/yr on the fluvial delta, which are lower than those from other wave-dominated estuaries in New South Wales as well as those estimated by previous studies in Dee Why Lagoon. Our study shows that the fluvial delta started forming much earlier than originally thought, based on results of radiometric dating, and confirmed using sedimentological and geochemical data, as well as a critical examination of historic aerial photographs. Human impact has resulted in an increase in heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Zn) and metalloid (As) concentrations in the recent sediment, most likely attributed to stormwater discharge. Pb and As concentrations are above the ANZECC high sediment quality guideline values at the site closest to the stormwater outlet, with As-based pesticides one of the possible sources. Using the mean enrichment quotient, which is based on normalised Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations over their normalised background concentrations, we show that the surface sediments in Dee Why Lagoon are severely enriched, reflecting the recent anthropogenic impact that has also led to an increase in sedimentation rates.  相似文献   

盐分对黏性土的沉积特性与表面电位影响研究     

张彤炜  邓永锋  邓婷婷  王冲 《冰川冻土》2019,41(4):875-883

为了明晰黏土矿物和盐分浓度在沉积过程中所起的作用及物理机制,选取高岭土、膨润土及两者组成的混合土进行粒径分析试验、沉积试验和Zeta电位测试。结果显示,盐分环境下高岭土和膨润土的平均粒径增大,部分黏粒组向粉粒组转化。高岭土在蒸馏水环境下和盐水环境下,最终都形成土-水的稳定分界面,但是絮凝稳定时间在盐分环境下更短。膨润土在蒸馏水环境下处于稳定的分散体系中,在盐水环境下迅速絮凝沉积。混合土在蒸馏水环境下,上部澄清层和下部沉淀层之间存在土颗粒的悬浮层,且该层的高度最终稳定;盐水环境下,混合土则迅速的发生土水分离。随着NaCl浓度增加,膨润土和高岭土的Zeta电位绝对值降低,因此胶粒组的絮凝行为对平均粒径产生影响,进而影响其沉积特性。  相似文献