RADARSATSNBSAR数据在大面积水稻估产中的应用研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李岩  彭少麟  廖其芳  廖圣东 《地球科学进展》2003,18(1):109-115

由于雷达遥感的全天候、全天时的优势,使之成为南方大范围农业信息动态监测的最佳遥感手段。为了适宜于运行系统,本研究采用加拿大雷达卫星（RADARSAT）窄波扫描模式（SNB）数据,以广东省为例进行了大范围水稻估产。通过建立稻作图谱,解决了在地形复杂、农业集约化程度低、水稻田分布不规则,且地块间田间管理水平差异很大等诸多因素影响下的水稻信息提取问题;在野外观测站采集的水稻生长期生理生态数据的基础上,建立了基于RADARSAT SNB SAR的雷达遥感时序信息水稻估产模型。通过2000年早、晚两季水稻估产的实践证明,此模型估产的精度在平原区达到95％,而在复杂的丘岭谷地则需进一步提高图像预处理的精度,改进特殊地段估产模型的精度。从实用性而言,这是一套高效、经济的技术方法,易于投入实际运行阶段。  相似文献   

基于BISQ模型双相各向同性介质中地震波数值模拟   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

孟庆生  何樵登  朱建伟  王德利 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(2):217-221

基于BISQ机制,推导了双相各向同性介质中弹性波数值模拟方程,并借助交错网格有限差分方法进行了波场模拟。证实了三种波(快纵波、慢纵波、横波SV)的存在和波场特征;在合成地震记录中,观测列三种波的反射,由于各种波相互之间的转换,转换波在地震记录中显示也很清楚,这使得波场变得更为复杂化。  相似文献   

长江三峡库区(奉节-巴东段)移民工程遥感动态监测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘波坤孟淑英  李述靖王学佑 《地球信息科学学报》2002,4(4):63-68,119

在长江三峡库区移民工程中 ,我们采用 ETM+、SPOT、IKONOS等多源、多时相、多分辨率航天、航空遥感数据组合 ,监测移民工程的动态变化 ,通过对库区奉节 -巴东段移民搬迁建与安置、新开发用地分布、土地利用与土地结构变化、地质灾害及衍生地质灾害与防治、库区环境及生态平衡与改善经济结构以及移民工程遥感动态监测等 ,取得突破性进展 ,获取了一批重要成果。为三峡移民工程进一步全面、安全地实施、改进规划管理工作及库区经济可持续发展 ,提供了科学依据和决策性建议。  相似文献   

延河流域生态环境动态监测系统与应用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

张文安  马贺平申平 管海晏 《地球信息科学学报》2002,4(3):85-88

以遥感 (RS)、地理信息系统 (GIS)、全球定位系统 (GPS)为核心技术 ,采用 ETM/ TM卫星数据、航空机载对地观测数据 ,结合地面测试和综合调查方法 ,完成了延河流域面积 10 0 15 .797km₂的生态环境本底调查 ,建立了 1990～2 0 0 0年的生态环境动态监测系统。查明了区内主要物种和植被分布 ,土地利用 /土地覆盖现状及其动态变化 ,划分出 5个生态区 ,2 5个生态系统 ,提出了延河流域生态建设.  相似文献   

Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment for Tulbagh,South Africa: Part I – Assessment of Seismic Hazard     

Kijko  A.  Retief  S. J. P.  Graham  G. 《Natural Hazards》2002,26(2):175-201

In this part of our study the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for Tulbagh was performed. The applied procedure is parametric and consists essentially of two steps. The first step is applicable to the area in the vicinity of Tulbagh and requires an estimation of the area-specific parameters, which, in this case, is the mean seismic activity rate, , the Gutenberg-Richter parameter, b, and the maximum regional magnitude, m_max. The second step is applicable to the Tulbagh site, and consists of parameters of distribution of amplitude of the selected ground motion parameter. The current application of the procedure provides an assessment of the PSHA in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration (SA). The procedure permits the combination of both historical and instrumental data. The historical part of the catalogue only contains the strongest events, whereas the complete part can be divided into several subcatalogues, each assumed complete above a specified threshold of magnitude. In the analysis, the uncertainty in the determination of the earthquake was taken into account by incorporation of the concept of `apparent magnitude'. The PSHA technique has been developed specifically for the estimation of seismic hazard at individual sites without the subjective judgement involved in the definition of seismic source zones, when the specific active faults have not been mapped or identified, and where the causes of seismicity are not well understood. The results of the hazard assessment are expressed as probabilities that specified values of PGA will be exceeded during the chosen time intervals, and similarly for the spectral accelerations. A worst case scenario sketches the possibility of a maximum PGA of 0.30g. The results of the hazard assessment can be used as input to a seismic risk assessment.  相似文献   

A Study of Seismicity and Earthquake Hazard at the Proposed Kalabsha Dam Site,Aswan, Egypt     

Fat-Helbary  Raafat E.  Tealb  Aly A. 《Natural Hazards》2002,25(2):117-133

High and Aswan Dams Authority (HADA) proposed a plan aiming at constructing a rockfill dam in the Kalabsha area, about 60 km south of Aswan High Dam. The aim of this dam is to restrain the overflow of water to the Kalabsha Valley for keeping one billion cubic meters from being lost due to seepage and evaporation. The safety of dams during earthquakes is extremely important because failure of such a structure may have disastrous consequences on life and property. Therefore, different factors were considered as part of a site assessment. Five seismic source zones, close enough to the site to give rise to potentially damaging earthquake ground motions, were identified. Seven active faults that have the potential for producing significant earthquakes and that pass through or near the dam site were also identified. The earthquake loading represented by ground motions at the site was evaluated. Probabilistic seismic hazard procedures were used for assessing the earthquake loading at six individual sites using Area-and Line-Source Models (ASM & LSM). The ASM is based on current observed seismicity, whereas the LSM is based on geological slip rates. The output represents the expected acceleration amplitude with 90 percent probability of not being exceeded in exposure times of 20, 50, and 100 years. The results from the two models appear to be different, the expected ground motions from ASM were twice as high as expected from LSM. This difference is due to the load of the Aswan reservoir (Nasser Lake) triggering earthquakes on those parts of the faults that lie under the lake at Kalabsha area. The hazard at the selected sites is given by the hazard curve that is represented by the relationship between the peak ground acceleration and its annual exceedance probability. By comparing the curves for the six individual sites for the same source model, it can be concluded that the potential ground acceleration level for all the sites is almost the same. Considering the mean results from the two models, the annual exceedance probability of the expected ground acceleration from ASM is approximately ten times higher than the annual exceedance probability from LSM.Since ASM is based on current seismicity, it is more appropriate forrepresenting the actual hazard for the dam site.  相似文献   

基于抗震性态的设防标准研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

谢礼立  马玉宏 《地震学报》2002,24(2):200-209

以基于性态的抗震设计为出发点,并以我国为例,针对目前国内外抗震设防标准的若干问题和不足,提出了基于性态抗震设计的三环节抗震设防方法．将现有的设防内容改为确定结构的抗震设计类别、确定设计烈度或设计地震动参数、确定建筑的重要性等级３个方面,并分别在每一方面进行具体深入的研究,从而形成了一套完整的基于性态的抗震设防标准确定的原则、方法和框架,可以直接用来编制规范供抗震设计使用．   相似文献   

利用高频地震波检测混凝土构件完整性的方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

单娜琳  朱德兵  黄锡柳 《CT理论与应用研究》2002,11(2):1-4

大型混凝土构件（如高层建筑基础的地梁,桩承台等）在施工过程中可能造成局部松散,空洞,蜂窝或离析等质量问题。为检测混凝土构件的的完整性,采用地震勘探方法中的地震映象法（又称地震共偏移距法）。通过在模拟裂缝,空洞模型上的试验,获得了存在异常体时,地震映象时间剖面的波形特征;测得偏移距,点距等参数变化时,对地震映象时间剖面的影响。模型实验和实测工作证明;在合理选择震源各种测量参数条件下,高频地震映象方法可有效检测混凝土构件完整怀,实现对混凝土构件质量新的监测。  相似文献   

福建省地震重点监视防御区城市防震减灾体系工程简介     

杜运连  吕至环 《福建地震》2002,(1)

福建省地震重点视防御区城市防震减灾体系工程以中国地震局关于建立健全地震监测预报、震灾预防和紧急救援三大体系为主要目标 ,以国家和福建省确定的地震重点监视防御区为主要目标区 ,尤以切实加强重点监视防御内城市的防震减灾措施 ,强化城市对地震灾害的综合防御能力为主要建设内容。该项目得到中国地震局、福建省委、省政府和有关地市大力支持 ,已列为福建省“十五”重点项目 ,省委、省政府为民办实事重点项目  相似文献   

Effect of near-fault earthquake on bridges: lessons learned from Chi-Chi earthquake   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

Chin-Hsiung?LohEmail author  Wen-I?Liao  Juin-Fu?Chai 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2002,1(1):86-93

The objective of this paper is to describe the lessons learned and actions that have been taken related to the seismic design of bridge structures after the Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake. Much variable near-fault ground motion data was collected from the rupture of Chelungpu fault during the Chi-Chi earthquake, allowing the seismic response of bridge structures subjected to these near-fault ground motions to be carefully examined. To study the near-fault ground motion effect on bridge seismic design codes, a two-level seismic design of bridge structures was developed and implemented. This design code reflects the near-fault factors in the seismic design forces. Finally, a risk assessment methodology, based on bridge vulnerability, is also developed to assist in decisions for reducing seismic risk due to failure of bridges. Director of Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering. Supported by: the Science Council, Chinese Taipei, under grant no. SC 90-2211-E-002-028.  相似文献