南极威德尔海冬季冰脊形拖曳力     

谭冰  卢鹏  李志军  HAAS Christian  NICOLAUS Marcel 《水科学进展》2012,23(6):869-877

利用2006年南极威德尔海冬季科学考察期间由机载激光高度计测得的海冰上表面形态数据,以拖曳分割理论为基础研究了冰脊形拖曳力及其对冰-气总拖曳力的贡献以及中性条件下对应10 m高度处风速的冰-气拖曳系数C_dn(10)。结果显示,在密集冰区,冰脊形拖曳力及其对总拖曳力的贡献随冰脊强度(脊高/脊距)的增大呈递增趋势,而随粗糙长度的增大而减小,对应于威德尔海冬季典型冰脊强度和粗糙长度,占总拖曳力的35%,说明了冰脊形拖曳力在冰-气界面动量交换中的重要作用。C_dn(10)随冰脊强度的增大而增大,但冰脊强度较小时,C_dn(10)随粗糙长度增大而增大;而对较大的冰脊强度,C_dn(10)则随粗糙长度增大而减小。  相似文献   

山东莱州浅滩地区沉积特征与沉积作用          下载免费PDF全文

王庆  战超  商杰  宋传广  仲少云  刘亚龙  王红艳 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(3):337-342

通过系统采集海底表层沉积样品进行粒度测试分析,对现代莱州浅滩地区的沉积类型、粒度特征、泥沙搬运方式、运移趋势及沉积动力、沉积机制进行了研究。结果表明,莱州浅滩是形成于松散碎屑堆积海岸岬角岸外的砂砾质水下沙洲／沙脊,它的形成深刻改变了浅滩地区原有的沉积动力和机制,在浅滩两侧海域各自形成了大致对称的潮余环流,分别与两个主要...  相似文献   

Dynamics of multiple intertidal bars over semi‐diurnal and lunar tidal cycles,North Lincolnshire,England     

Selma van Houwelingen  Gerhard Masselink  Joanna Bullard 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(10):1473-1490

Multiple intertidal bars are common features of wave‐dominated sandy beaches, yet their short‐term (<1 month) and small‐scale (<1 km) morphology and dynamics remain poorly understood. This study describes the morphodynamics of multiple intertidal bars in North Lincolnshire, England, during single and lunar tidal cycles under two contrasting conditions – first when significant wave height was <0·5 m and second when significant wave height frequently exceeded 1 m. The relative importance of swash, surf and shoaling processes in determining morphological change was examined using detailed field observations and a numerical model. The beach featured four intertidal bars and both cross‐shore and longshore bar morphology evolved during the field investigation, particularly under medium to high wave‐energy conditions. Numerical modelling suggests shoaling processes are most common on the seaward two bars under calm wave conditions (H_s < 0·5 m) and that surf zone processes become more common during neap tides and under more energetic (H_s < 0·5 m) conditions. Surf processes dominate the inner two bars, though swash influence increases in a landward direction. The numerical modelling results combined with low tide survey data and high‐resolution morphological measurements strongly suggest changes in the intertidal bar morphology are accomplished by surf zone processes rather than by shoaling wave or swash processes. This is because shoaling waves do not induce significant sediment transport to have any morphological effect, whereas swash action generally does not have enough scope to act as the swash zone is much narrower than the surf zone. It was found, however, that the absolute rate of morphological change under swash action and surfzone processes are of similar magnitudes and that swash action may induce a significant amount of local morphological change when the high tide mark is located on the upper bar, making this process important for bar morphodynamics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

库姆塔格沙漠大尺度风场特征分析   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

曾晓青  王式功  尚可政  杨德保  曾淑玲 《中国沙漠》2009,29(3):391-396

利用美国NCEP/NCAR1979—2006年27 a地面10 m高度的日平均风场再分析-2资料以及46 a的地面常规气象站观测资料和1 a的沙漠中自动气象站观测资料,对库姆塔格沙漠地区风场进行了统计与诊断分析。结果表明：沙漠地区,一年四季北风和东北风为近地面主要存在的风向,春季风速最强,夏季次之,秋冬季最弱;在夏秋冬季节,由于北风的逐渐减弱,加上受到南侧阿尔金山和青藏高原风场的影响,南下的气流在沙漠南侧分为三支,分别流入新疆、青海和甘肃。春夏季节在沙漠北侧基本都是以东北风或者西北风吹向库姆塔格沙漠,秋冬季节,沙漠地区出现西南风。根据沙漠周围6个气象站风场风速显示,库姆塔格沙漠地区风速存在明显的周期变化,在过去的10多年中库姆塔格沙漠周围风场风速处于一个低谷期,但最近几年风速有不断加强的趋势。  相似文献   

黄海南部海门近岸牡蛎礁发育的物质基础与环境背景   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王建  赵梅  白世彪  龚晓辉  张茂恒  吴艳红  萧家仪 《地理研究》2009,28(5):1170-1178

中国的现代牡蛎礁多发育在河口,但位于黄海南部的海门市近岸牡蛎礁却发育在非河口地区。利用对岩芯和剖面进行的岩相、粒度、硅藻及¹⁴C年代等因子的分析测试数据,对黄海南部的海门市近岸牡蛎礁的发育场所和环境背景进行了探讨。结果发现,该地在距今5630年左右发生了一次重要的沉积环境变化,由之前的潮间带环境转变为之后的河口砂坝或者受河口影响的潮流砂脊相环境,形成了适宜牡蛎生长和牡蛎礁发育的条件。尽管牡蛎礁现在出露在粉沙淤泥质潮滩上,但是其发育的基底不是粉砂淤泥质潮滩,而是河口砂坝或者受河口影响的潮流砂脊。黏土矿物特征还显示出,海门牡蛎礁的发育还与长江口的影响密切相关。  相似文献   

黄海辐射沙洲沉积物地球化学特征及其环境意义     

陈平平  葛晨东  殷勇  邹欣庆 《海洋科学》2005,29(5):10-16

对黄海辐射沙洲烂沙洋水道区域的3个钻孔共81个沉积物样品进行了微量、常量元素分析和^14C测年分析．化学元素质量分数的变化与当时沉积环境的变化相对应。突发事件(如风暴潮)的发生不但在沉积物的岩性上有所体现,而且在微量元素质量分数的变化上也有很明显的体现。微量元素Zr可作为沉积能量变化的地化指示剂,潮汐通道北部的西太阳沙区域的沉积动力环境在4000a以前是较弱的。潮流通道的上段沉积物是来自水深较浅的区域,由于潮流和波浪的作用使其能够保持稳定的水深。  相似文献   

应用卫星影像系列海图叠合法分析沙洲动态变化——以江苏东沙为例   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

刘永学  张忍顺  李满春 《地理科学》2004,24(2):199-204

利用1973~2000年9个时相的卫片、海图,提出了卫星影像系列——海图叠合分析法来分析辐射沙洲中大沙洲的动态变化,并将之运用到东沙的动态趋势分析中。研究结果表明:(1)通过卫星影像系列——海图叠合分析法,可避开了不同时相卫片的潮位校正难点,揭示了沙洲的冲蚀淤长变化。(2)东沙北缘向南移动;沙洲东缘向东移动;在沙洲西部遭受侵蚀,边缘东移,但幅度不大。  相似文献   

Melt migration beneath mid-ocean ridges     

Abdolreza Ghods  & Jafar Arkani-Hamed 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,140(3):687-697

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ANABRANCHING RIVERS: THEIR CAUSE,CHARACTER AND CLASSIFICATION     

GERALD C. NANSON  A. DAVID KNIGHTON 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1996,21(3):217-239

Anabranching rivers consist of multiple channels separated by vegetated semi-permanent alluvial islands excised from existing floodplain or formed by within-channel or deltaic accretion. These rivers occupy a wide range of environments from low to high energy, however, their existence has never been adequately explained. They occur concurrently with other types of channel pattern, although specific requirements include a flood-dominated flow regime and banks that are resistant to erosion, with some systems characterized by mechanisms to block or constrict channels, thereby triggering avulsion. The fundamental advantage of an anabranching river is that, by constructing a semi-permanent system of multiple channels, it can concentrate stream flow and maximize bed-sediment transport (work per unit area of the bed) under conditions where there is little or no opportunity to increase gradient. On the basis of stream energy, sediment size and morphological characteristics, six types of anabranching river are recognized; types 1–3 are lower energy and types 4–6 are higher energy systems. Type 1 are cohesive sediment rivers (commonly termed anastomosing) with low w/d ratio channels that exhibit little or no lateral migration. They are divisible into three subtypes based on vegetative and sedimentary environment. Type 2 are sand-dominated, island-forming rivers, and type 3 are mixed-load laterally active meandering rivers. Type 4 are sand-dominated, ridge-forming rivers characterized by long, parallel, channel-dividing ridges. Type 5 are gravel-dominated, laterally active systems that interface between meandering and braiding in mountainous regions. Type 6 are gravel-dominated, stable systems that occur as non-migrating channels in small, relatively steep basins. Anabranching rivers represent a relatively uncommon but widespread and distinctive group that, because of particular sedimentary, energy-gradient and other hydraulic conditions, operate most effectively as a system of multiple channels separated by vegetated floodplain islands or alluvial ridges.  相似文献   

南黄海辐射沙洲附近海域悬浮体的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

宋召军  黄海军  杜廷芹  刘芳  倪金龙 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2006,26(6):19-25

对2003年春季(3—4月)和秋季(9月)南黄海辐射沙洲附近海域的悬浮体样品进行了空间分布特征、有机无机组成、粒度特征及其季节变化分析。结果表明:(1)2003年春季研究区内悬浮体浓度要普遍高于秋季的悬浮体浓度。悬浮体浓度最高值区位于长江口-老黄河口之间的近岸区。陆源物质为主的无机组分是悬浮体的主体成分,特别是在近岸浅水区和接近海底的底层水中尤为突出;(2)研究区海水中的悬浮体主要来源于辐射沙脊区(老黄河-长江复合三角洲)沉积物再悬浮;(3)悬浮体分布是风浪、潮流及沿岸流等多种因素综合作用的结果,而风浪和潮流是影响本区悬浮体分布的主要因素,巨大的风浪和强大的潮流造成辐射沙洲海底的沉积物再悬浮、搬运和再沉积,并在苏北沿岸流的作用下向沙洲外缘输运。  相似文献