我国无居民海岛开发利用现状研究          下载免费PDF全文

林家驹  薛雄志  孔昊  姬厚德 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(1):9-13

我国无居民海岛开发利用最早起源于新石器时代,距今已有超过6000年的历史。无居民海岛在自然资源、领海基点、国防以及科学研究等方面都具备重要的价值,但其开发与利用的现状却不容乐观。尽管国家出台了一系列政策用以规范无居民海岛的开发利用,但总体上偏远区域无居民海岛开发无人问津,部分区域无居民海岛无序与无度开发利用的现象长期存在。因此,文章旨在通过文献综述,梳理我国无居民海岛使用的现状。主要内容包括:国内外无居民海岛开发利用主要研究现状,包含环境承载力、使用权属以及价值评估等方面;我国无居民海岛开发与保护的法律、政策支撑;我国无居民海岛开发利用的实践情况等。从而为无居民海岛的深入研究提供基础性资料,服务于无居民海岛的开发利用与综合管理。  相似文献   

单颗粒碎屑矿物在海洋沉积物物源分析中的应用*     

来志庆  刘海青  林霖  韩宗珠  国坤 《热带海洋学报》2019,38(1):85-95

单颗粒碎屑矿物可减小源区岩石类型、蚀变过程和程度及搬运与沉积过程对物源信息释读的干扰, 已逐渐成为海洋沉积物物源分析的有力工具, 并取得一定的应用成果。目前, 锆石、石榴石、长石、辉石、角闪石、独居石及磁铁矿等均已被成功用于海洋沉积物物源研究, 并主要利用单矿物主量元素、年代学等方法精确识别物源区地质特征和位置, 但单矿物微量元素、同位素及微区结构及多矿物对比研究的应用尚有不足; 因此, 目前对物源信息的释读难免片面, 物源识别方法和技术也仍未成熟。随着方法的发展和完善, 将可开展诸多深入研究, 如通过锆石、独居石、云母和磷灰石等不同矿物的年代学研究, 示踪研究物源区的时空变化; 通过建立多矿物定量研究模型, 进而定量研究源区蚀变速率和源汇过程中的物质输运通量和过程等。文章总结单颗粒碎屑矿物在物源识别中的应用现状, 并展望其应用前景, 以期引起同行对此研究方法的关注, 进一步促进该方法在海洋沉积物物源分析中的应用和发展。  相似文献   

放养鱼类对乌梁素海浮游植物群落结构的影响     

孙林丹  沈建忠  艾桃山  熊雷  康志鹏 《广东海洋大学学报》2019,(3):87-95

【目的】探讨放养鱼类对乌梁素海水生态的影响。【方法】2017年7月-2018年4月共设置6个采样点,分别对乌梁素海现存水草区与鱼类放养区水体表层浮游植物进行调查分析,并对两区域的营养状态与水质状况进行分析评价。【结果】调查共鉴定出浮游植物8门76属154种,其中现存水草区(142种)多于鱼类放养区(88种),现存水草区浮游植物种属组成为硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻型,鱼类放养区为绿藻-硅藻-蓝藻型。现存水草区平均多样性指数(H′)、丰富度指数(D)分别为4.29、4.23,明显高于鱼类放养区(2.46、2.30)。两区域浮游植物优势种共26种,其中现存水草区(24种)多于鱼类放养区(11种),现存水草区以蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻为主要优势种,而鱼类放养区则以蓝藻为绝对优势种。浮游植物平均密度现存水草区(25.19×106 cell/L)显著低于鱼类放养区(275.79×106 cell/L)(P <0.05),而平均生物量现存水草区(13.34 mg/L)虽低于鱼类放养区(36.20 mg/L),但差异不显著(P> 0.05)。研究显示,现存水草区营养状态为中营养-轻度富营养,鱼类放养区为中度富营养-重度富营养;两区域水质均为中度污染到重度污染状态。【结论】与历史数据相比,现存水草区浮游植物群落表现为浮游植物多样性下降、种类小型化、优势种转变为蓝藻为主。与现存水草区相比,鱼类放养区浮游植物群落因放养鲢、鳙的摄食导致浮游植物多样性下降、种类小型化、优势种向可食性差、生长快的群体型蓝藻演替。  相似文献   

Current status and ecological roles of Zostera marina after recovery from large-scale reclamation in the Nakdong River estuary,Korea     

Sang Rul Park  Jong-Hyeob Kim  Chang-Keun Kang  Soonmo An  Ik Kyo Chung  Jeong Ha Kim  Kun-Seop Lee 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Large Zostera marina meadows (covering 13.6 km²) existed in the Nakdong River estuary on the south coast of Korea until the mid-1980s, but these Z. marina beds nearly disappeared due to reclamation of adjacent mud flats for the construction of a port and industrial complex during the late 1980s. Partial recovery of Z. marina meadows occurred recently, and Z. marina coverage of about 0.3 km² was observed in this estuary. In this study, shoot morphology, density, biomass, productivity, and tissue nutrient content were measured to evaluate the current status of the Z. marina meadows by comparing these data to those for persistent seagrass meadows in similar geographical areas. Additionally, we examined the ecological roles of Z. marina in this estuary after recovery from the large-scale disturbance. Shoot density (151 shoots m⁻²) and total biomass (141 g DW m⁻²) in the estuary were similar to those reported from other Z. marina meadows in Korea. Annual leaf production (1726 g DW m⁻² y⁻¹) was higher than generally observed for Z. marina in other geographical areas. These results imply that the existing Z. marina meadows in this estuary have adjusted to local environmental conditions that changed after large-scale reclamation. Estimated annual whole plant carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) incorporations based on shoot production and tissue C and N content were 810.0 g C m⁻² y⁻¹ and 59.7 g N m⁻² y⁻¹, respectively. These values were equivalent to 2.4 × 10⁵ kg C y⁻¹ and 1.8 × 10⁴ kg N y⁻¹ for all Z. marina beds in the Nakdong River estuary. This high C and N incorporation into Z. marina tissues suggests that existing Z. marina meadows play important roles in C and N cycles in this estuary. Although the currently existing Z. marina beds in this estuary are persisting and play an important ecological role, anthropogenic factors that cause seagrass declines still affect the estuary. Thus, effective management and monitoring of Z. marina beds and environmental factors are critical to protecting and conserving this invaluable component of the Nakdong River estuary.  相似文献   

航海通告编发模式的研究与进展   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

王焕  刘国辉 《海洋测绘》2009,29(4):82-84

通过回顾改革开放以来航海通告发布工作的发展历程,重点是应用“航海通告数字化综合编辑出版系统”的情况,对航海通告编发技术的改进和发展进行全景分析,并对今后航海通告的发展提出设想。  相似文献   

厦门市无居民海岛开发利用现状与管理保护对策   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

黄发明  谢在团 《台湾海峡》2003,22(4):531-536

本文介绍了厦门市无居民海岛的总体分布情况及其开发利用现状，分析了其存在的主要问题，并据此提出了建立统一协调海岛综合管理体制，实施开发利用许可证制度；编制厦门市无居民海岛开发保护规划；加强对海岛生态环境和资源的保护；控制海岛开发强度；建设“数字海岛”等开发和管理保护厦门市无居民海岛的若干对策建议。  相似文献   

哈纳斯湖水化学特征及营养状况的初步研究     

刘雪芬 《海洋湖沼通报》1991,(3):31-40

本文通过对哈纳斯湖天然水体化学成份的分析,确定了水化学类型及基本特征。湖水具矿化度低、硬度小、pH值适中、溶解氧丰富、还原性物质少等优点,水化学类型为重碳酸盐钠组Ⅰ型水(C_I~(Na))。本文还对该湖水质及营养状况进行了综合评价,并得出了以Ⅱ类水体为主、营养程度适中的评价结论。湖泊水质能符合生活饮用、渔业、旅游等多种用途的需要。  相似文献   

湛江海域文昌鱼(Branchiostoma)线粒体Cyt b基因的全序列分析     

郭昱嵩  王中铎  刘楚吾  刘筠 《广东海洋大学学报》2008,28(1):6-10

测定了邻近湛江的茂名海区和硇洲岛海域文昌鱼各2个样本线粒体Cytb基因全序列,以尾索动物亚门的2种海鞘(Ciona spp.)和脊椎动物亚门的七鳃鳗(Petromyzon marinus)作为外群,利用分子系统学方法与GenBank收录的14个文昌鱼(Branchiostoma)的Cytb基因全序列进行了比较,UPGMA法构建了系统发生树。全序列分析表明:主产于大西洋(批针文昌鱼B.lanceolatum和佛罗里达文昌鱼B.floridae)、厦门文昌鱼(B.belcheri belcheri Gray)和湛江文昌鱼线粒体Cytb基因全序列长度为1143bp,终止密码子同为UAG;主产于青岛文昌鱼(B.belcheri tsingtaunese)和日本文昌鱼为1141bp,以T结尾,转录过程中构成UAA终止密码子。系统分析表明:16个文昌鱼样品体现出太平洋和大西洋、太平洋南北明显分化。确认采自茂名和硇洲岛的文昌鱼为厦门文昌鱼(B.belcheribelcheriGray);支持将白氏文昌鱼青岛亚种(B.belcheri tsingtaunese)提升为种,命名为日本文昌鱼(B.japonicus)。  相似文献   

Changes in biomass structure and trophic status of the plankton communities in a highly dynamic ecosystem (Gulf of Venice,Northern Adriatic Sea)     

Alessandra Pugnetti  Anna Maria Bazzoni  Alfred Beran  Fabrizio Bernardi Aubry  Elisa Camatti  Mauro Celussi  Joan Coppola  Erica Crevatin  Paola Del Negro  Alessandro Paoli 《Marine Ecology》2008,29(3):367-374

The changes in the plankton biomass structure in relation to nutrient inputs were studied in the Gulf of Venice (Northern Adriatic Sea), an area characterized by a very marked trophic state variability. The investigation was carried out at two stations, in March, May and July 2005 and 2006, considering the whole water column. The size structure (from picoplankton to mesozooplankton) of both autotrophs and heterotrophs was analysed. Signals of diluted waters and nutrient inputs were more marked in 2005 than in 2006. In 2005, the total plankton biomass was almost double (87 ± 37 μg·C·l^?1) that in 2006 (44 ± 26 μg·C·l^?1). The variations were determined mainly by phytoplankton, with a 70% decrease, and a shift from a community dominated by microphytoplankton (49 ± 12%) in 2005 to one dominated by bacteria (43 ± 11%) in 2006 was observed. The relationship between the heterotrophic (H) and autotrophic (A) biomass indicated a rapid decline of the H/A ratio with increasing phytoplankton biomass. This study, although temporally limited, is consistent with the results reported for other marine environments and it seems to confirm the importance of nutrient inputs in structuring the biomass of plankton community.  相似文献   

被动微波遥感近地表土壤冻融状态数据产品对比及分析     

邵婉婉  张廷军 《冰川冻土》2021,43(1):285-295

近地表土壤冻融循环过程是陆面过程的"开关",对地表能量过程、水文过程、植被动态、温室气体交换和生态系统功能等都具有重要影响.除了依靠传统观测手段判别地表冻融,被动微波卫星遥感技术已被成熟运用于全球尺度地表冻融研究中.利用被动微波卫星遥感亮温监测地表冻融大致经历了理论基础和算法的研制、算法参数的验证和应用以及建立数据集三...  相似文献