Analytical Theory for One-Dimensional Consolidation of Soil Induced by Time-Dependent Pumping and Loading     

Kang-He Xie  Yu-Lin Wang  Yue-Bao Deng 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):328-350

Analytical solutions are derived for one-dimensional consolidation induced by time-dependent pumping and loading, in which both the effects of different pumping types and loading conditions are considered, i.e., step pumping, cyclic pumping, constant loading, and step loading. Based on the solutions obtained, some diagrams are prepared and the relevant consolidation behavior of soil is discussed in detail. It has been shown that the consolidation behavior is greatly influenced by pumping velocity, loading pressure, pumping and loading type.  相似文献   

Assessing the ecosystem effects of the abalone Haliotis midae from its diet and foraging behaviour     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):205-214

The South African abalone Haliotis midae is commercially exploited and seriously threatened by overfishing. This not only affects the species itself but potentially the functioning of the ecosystem because of associated changes in community structure. The nature of effects that can follow the loss or reduction of a species depends in part on its position in the foodweb and its feeding behaviour. To assess the ecosystem effects of the adults and subadults of this previously abundant herbivore on the south-west coast of South Africa, we studied their diet and mode of food procurement by (a) in-field observations of adult and subadult abalone, (b) analysis of the gut contents of adults, (c) comparison of diet with the availability of algae, and (d) a mesocosm experiment on subadult feeding behaviour. Both field and dietary studies showed that adults subsist mainly by trapping drift kelp, but also occasionally graze on attached algae such as Plocamium spp., and feed in a manner that is highly selective, with drift kelp constituting 95–98% of the diet, and several species of common algae being avoided. In the mesocosm experiment, subadults preferentially fed on drift kelp, but emerged at night to a greater extent to graze on microflora if no drift material was available. Their propensity to emerge was, however, reduced if the rock lobster Jasus lalandii was present. Collectively, this evidence indicates that any ecosystem effects that subadults and adults of H. midae have as grazers will be weak because they feed mainly by trapping drift material, and the frequency of grazing and the incidence of consumption of attached algae are low.  相似文献   

东太湖不同水域浮游生物周年变化及鲢、鳙食性的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李倩倩  黄鹤忠  张群英  王小林  朱茂晓  沈振华  袁文成  陆建明 《海洋科学》2013,37(10):104-110

2012 年2～11 月对东太湖不同水域浮游生物组成、数量、水质情况及水生植物密度进行了调查, 并对9 月份太湖鲢、鳙的食性进行了研究。结果表明: 浮游动物和浮游植物多样性指数均为保护区＞余山＞老鼠山＞漫山岛。水体浮游生物数量和综合营养状态指数均为漫山岛＞老鼠山＞余山＞保护区。浮游植物总数量与蓝藻总数量、浮游动物总数量、富营养化因子呈正相关, 与水生植物密度呈负相关。9 月份太湖鲢、鳙的肠内含物中浮游植物和浮游动物分别占食物数量的89.1%、70.6%和10.9%、29.4%,其中蓝藻分别占74.5%、56%, 枝角类和轮虫分别占3.7%、13.4%和1.5%、11.5%; 鲢、鳙对蓝藻的选择性指数分别为1.42 和1.07, 对轮虫和原生动物的选择性指数分别为0.13、1.27 和1.30、0.40。本研究结果对揭示影响太湖浮游生物周年变化的环境因素以及通过鲢、鳙控制蓝藻具有一定的理论价值和指导意义。  相似文献   

Diet of landlocked sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and trout in the Waitaki lakes,New Zealand     

E. Graynoth  L. C. Bennett  J. C. Pollard 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):537-549

Landlocked sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), ranging in fork length (FL) from 105 to 313 mm, were captured in fine‐mesh gill nets set in the limnetic zone of the Waitaki hydro lakes (44° 30′ S, 170° 10’ E) in the South Island, New Zealand. A total of 443 stomachs was examined and the frequency of occurrence, volume and weight of prey items calculated. In the Ahuriri Arm of Lake Benmore the principal food (54% by weight) was zooplankton (Boeckella dilatata) whereas in the Haldon Arm of Lake Benmore it was larval and juvenile common bullies (Gobiomorphus cotidi‐anus) (73% by volume). In Lake Waitaki in winter, salmon had eaten insects (43% by volume) with smaller amounts of snails (Potamopyrgus antipo‐darum, 23%) and bullies (24%). In Lake Ohau adult insects may be an important food. There were also variations in diet with season and fish size. The stomachs of 147 brown trout (Salmo trutta) and 181 rainbow trout (S. gairdnerii) caught in the same gill nets were also examined. In contrast to sockeye salmon stomachs they contained negligible amounts of zooplankton (< 1% by weight) and large amounts of aquatic insects (50–58% by weight in the Ahuriri Arm of Lake Benmore). Comparisons with juvenile sockeye salmon and kokanee in North American lakes are made. The impact of introductions of sockeye salmon into other New Zealand lakes is discussed.  相似文献   

Food and energy in the diet of brown and rainbow trout from Lake Benmore,New Zealand     

N. H. McCarter 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):551-559

The diet of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (S. gairdnerii) was studied in specimens from Lake Benmore, a deep, oligo‐trophic lake in South Island, New Zealand. Between November and July, both species fed mainly on small molluscs (Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Physa sp., and Gyraulus corinna) gleaned from the littoral weed beds. Energy values for the three species of mollusc were determined: P. antipodarum, 6000 J g^‐1; G. corinna, 5500 J g^‐1; Physa sp., 9800 J g^‐1. Potamopyrgus antipodarum yielded little energy to the fish, unless its shell broke during passage through the gut. Physa sp. was the most profitable mollusc, irrespective of shell breakage and Potamopyrgus antipodanim the least profitable. The mean energy value per snail for G. corinna and Physa sp. eaten by rainbow trout was 25–30% less than for snails eaten by brown trout, possibly because rainbow trout ingested empty shells from the sediment surface. Rainbow trout extracted about 20% more energy than brown trout from unbroken shells. In July, 84% of the brown trout switched to predation of common bullies, Gobio‐morphus cotidianus, probably as a result of bully reproductive behaviour. Rainbow trout did not show the same change, apparently because they were feeding in deeper water where few bullies were available. The low‐energy diet and its possible connection with growth rate are discussed.  相似文献   

The effects of suspended sediment on brown trout (Salmo trutta) feeding and respiration after macrophyte control     

MJC Greer  SK Crow  AS Hicks  GP Closs 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):278-285

Sediment resuspension during and after mechanical excavation of macrophytes may have a significant impact on resident fish populations. Unfortunately, little is known about the influence of this sediment on the respiratory performance and feeding abilities of fishes in New Zealand waterways. We examined the effects of suspended sediment (SS) concentrations previously observed after a large-scale macrophyte removal operation on oxygen consumption (MO₂) and feeding rates of brown trout (Salmo trutta). MO₂ at 0 mg L^?1, 150 mg L^?1, 300 mg L^?1, 450 mg L^?1 and 600 mg L^?1 of SS was measured using semi-closed respirometry. Feeding rates at the same SS concentrations were also measured using laboratory tank experiments. Results suggest that SS concentrations up to 600 mg L^?1 have no effect on MO₂. Conversely, feeding rates were significantly reduced at 450 mg L^?1 (22% reduction) and 600 mg L^?1 (31% reduction), indicating that sediment concentrations above 450 mg L^?1 may negatively affect brown trout populations.  相似文献   

真空预压处理高黏粒吹填土的物理化学指标     

宋晶  王清  夏玉斌  陈允进  陈慧娥  苑晓青 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(5):1476-1480

大连海港常采用高黏粒吹填土作为吹淤造陆工程土料,但高黏粒吹填土的黏粒含量大,真空预压处理地基时竖向排水体四周常常被黏粒淤堵,延误工程进度。为深入研究该类吹填土工程地质特性,基于室内物理模型采用80 kPa真空预压技术处理高黏粒吹填土,针对淤堵难题进行分析。通过测试土体的物理化学参数,建立含水率、易溶盐总量、钠离子含量、酸碱度、阳离子交换量、有机质含量等物理化学指标的特征分布曲线。结果表明：80 kPa真空预压处理的高黏粒吹填土含水率与易溶盐总量、酸碱度等化学指标呈反比;竖向排水体四周吹填土的易溶盐含量较大,有机质含量高;阳离子交换量与酸碱度呈正比。同时物化指标在排水板四周富集的现象反映80 kPa真空预压处理的高黏性吹填土固结状况,同时建议真空预压处理过程中采用分级真空预压方法,改进高黏粒吹填土地基处理,以降低淤堵状况。  相似文献   

基于参考线圈和变步长自适应的磁共振信号噪声压制方法   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

田宝凤  林君  段清明  蒋川东 《地球物理学报》2012,55(7):2462-2472

核磁共振地下水探测仪的灵敏度高,接收到的纳伏级磁共振探测信号极易受到强工频谐波噪声的干扰,导致信号特征参数提取的准确度降低,影响反演解释的水文地质参数结果.为了解决这一难题,基于相关抵消的原理,针对全波磁共振信号,设计带有参考线圈的90°移相自适应噪声抵消系统,理论计算了参考线圈相对于探测线圈的距离,提出变步长LMS算法进行噪声压制.仿真结果表明,在不同的信号强度及不同的信噪比下,当信号与工频谐波干扰频谱不重合时,采用设计的自适应噪声抵消系统和变步长算法,信噪比可以提高到5.94 dB以上,初始振幅、弛豫时间特征参数的拟合误差在2.8%以内;当信号与工频谐波干扰频谱重合时,采用双向自适应滤波算法,信噪比可以达到5dB以上,初始振幅、弛豫时间特征参数的拟合误差在10%以内,可以满足实际应用的要求;实测数据处理进一步证明了方法的有效性.  相似文献   

地震分析软件震相走时表文件结构研究     

李万金 《地震研究》2012,35(2):288-294,296

通过对现有地震分析软件所配置的震相走时表文件的结构类型及优劣进行分析,将震相走时表分为4种组合结构并分析其实用性。在IASPEI91震相走时表文件结构的基础上进行修改、补充和完善,从而提出了一种安全性高、适用面广、灵活性强、能存储各种结构走时表的新型走时表文件结构。应用这种新型结构震相走时表,地震分析软件可以灵活配置不同的走时表,实现精细定位,并为数字化测震台网快速利用测震资料编制和应用高精度的区域震相走时表创造了条件,对于地球深部构造研究具有一定的促进意义。  相似文献   

体应变仪大地震时两次自动调零数据的处理     

李兰生  郑江蓉  陈建  高力  王俊 《地震地磁观测与研究》2012,33(5):240-243

仪器在较大波动幅度的影响下产生自动调零（电磁阀门开启）,与地震信息混在一起,难以直接使用原始数据。合理消除自动调零带来的影响,还原真实情况,成为台站必须解决的问题。采用确定校正值的方法,力图还原为连续记录,结果发现：处理后的资料可以和另外一台没有调零动作的体积应变仪器的原始资料相符合。  相似文献