Formation of the world's largest molybdenum metallogenic belt: a plate-tectonic perspective on the Qinling molybdenum deposits     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1093-1112

Qinling ore belt is the largest known molybdenum belt in the world with a total reserve of >5 Mt of Mo metal. Based on the geochemical behaviour of Mo, the structural settings of the Qinling orogenic belt, and geological events in eastern China, we propose that tectonic settings are of critical importance to the formation of these ore deposits. Molybdenum is very rare in the earth with an abundance of ～0.8 ppm in the continental crust. Both surface- and magmatic-hydrothermal enrichment processes are required for Mo mineralization. It can be easily oxidized to form water-soluble MoO₄ ^– in the surface environment, especially in the Phanaerozoic, and then precipitated under anoxic conditions. Therefore, closed or semi-closed water bodies with large catchment areas and high chemical erosion rates are the most favourable locations for Mo-enriched sediments. The Qinling orogenic belt was located in the tropics during crustal collisions, such that the chemical erosion was presumably intense, whereas the Erlangping back-arc basin was probably a closed or semi-closed water body as a result of plate convergence. More than 90% of the Mo reserves so far discovered in the Qinling molybdenum belt are associated with the Palaeozoic Erlangping back-arc basin. Compiled Re–Os isotopic ages for porphyry deposits (including several carbonate vein deposits) that have been dated show peaks during 220 million years (>0.32 Mt), 145 million years (>?3.5 Mt), and 115 million years (>?0.84 Mt), which correlate well with the three major episodes of granitoid magmatism since the Triassic. The ～220 million year episode of mineralization, represented by the Huanglongpu carbonate vein-type deposit and the Wenquan porphyry deposit, coincided with the formation of the South Qinling syn-orogenic granites as well as the Dabie ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks, suggests a genetic relationship with the collision between South and North China Blocks. The ～145 Ma porphyry Mo deposits, representing the main mineralization, are attributed to reactivation by ridge subduction along the lower Yangtze River belt to the east of the Qinling orogen ～150–140 Ma. The ～115 Ma Mo deposits likely reflect slab rollback of the northwestwards subducting Pacific plate ～125–110 Ma.  相似文献   

Partial melting of subducted Southern Qiangtang crust in northern Tibet: evidence from the geochemistry and geochronology of the Riwanchaka granodiorite porphyry in Central Qiangtang     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(6):738-753

ABSTRACT

This article presents new zircon U–Pb geochronology, Hf isotopic, and whole-rock major- and trace-element geochemical data that provide insights into the petrogenesis and tectonic history of the Riwanchaka granodiorite porphyries of Central Qiangtang, Tibet. Zircon U–Pb ages of 236–230 Ma indicate an early Late Triassic age of emplacement of the porphyries, and zircon Hf isotopic data yield εHf(t) values of – 7.0 to – 1.5 and ancient zircon Hf crustal model ages (T_DM^C) of 1524–1220 Ma. The granodiorite porphyries are characterized by low K₂O contents, high Mg# values, and relatively high Cr and Ni contents. They are classified as I-type calc-alkaline granite and are considered to have formed through the anatexis of ancient mafic crustal rocks with contributions from mantle-derived components. The geochemistry and isotopic compositions of all samples are similar to those of magmatic rocks that originated in the South Qiangtang crust. However, field observations indicate that the pluton intrudes the North Qiangtang crust, and we propose that the granodiorite porphyries were derived by partial melting of subducted continental crust of the South Qiangtang terrane. These new data have been integrated with data from previous studies to construct a new model of slab rollback during northward subduction of the Southern Qiangtang continental crust at ca. 245–226 Ma, thereby improving our understanding of magmatic processes involved in continental subduction in collision settings.  相似文献   

天池抽水蓄能电站上坝址趾板建基面优化研究     

毕丹  王忠福 《岩土工程技术》2014,28(5):243-249

通过现场调查结合勘测资料分析了天池抽水蓄能电站上坝址蚀变岩体的分布规律;利用薄片鉴定、电镜扫描及X射线粉晶衍射分析试验对蚀变岩体进行了岩石成分和化学成分分析,研究了蚀变作用的地质成因、蚀变机理,结合室内试验获得了蚀变岩的物理力学指标;利用FLAC3D软件对不同工况、不同高程河床蚀变岩趾板建基面进行了数值分析计算.研究结果表明：在左岸和右岸由于强风化下限埋深不大,建议挖除,趾板建基面选择在中等风化的中条期混合花岗岩上;控制坝基变形的主要地质因素是存在于坝基范围内的断层破碎带F25断层以及断层周围由于蚀变造成的砂状岩芯,对大坝沉降影响不利;河床蚀变岩趾板建基面优化数值模拟研究表明,河床部位以在930～950 m之间作为趾板建基面是适宜的.  相似文献   

藏北班公湖—怒江缝合带早白垩世双峰式火山岩的确定及其地质意义   总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3  

吴浩  李才  胡培远  张红雨  李娇 《地质通报》2014,33(11):1804-1814

班公湖—怒江缝合带及其两侧发育的白垩世岩浆活动记录了大洋俯冲闭合过程的信息,是反演大洋演化的关键。报道了去申拉组火山岩测年结果,并对达查沟地区新发现的去申拉组玄武岩端元进行了详细的地球化学研究。2件火山岩样品的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为104.14Ma和104.95Ma,表明去申拉组火山岩形成于早白垩世晚期。玄武岩地球化学分析结果显示出Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,以及高的Zr含量、Zr/Y和(Th/Nb)N值的特征。研究认为,玄武岩是软流圈地幔部分熔融混染地壳物质的产物。结合已报道的去申拉组酸性岩数据,研究区具有双峰式火山岩特征的去申拉组是班公湖—怒江洋壳南向俯冲过程中,板片断离导致区域伸展背景下岩浆活动的产物。  相似文献   

青藏高原东南缘碰撞造山结构与物质组成:来自岩石地球化学和地球物理的联合约束     

王洋  张洪瑞 《地球科学与环境学报》2021,(3):449-468

青藏高原东南缘位于印度板块与欧亚板块侧向汇聚部位,是检验碰撞造山动力学模型的理想场所。尽可能全面收集该区已有地球物理和新生代岩浆岩数据,探讨这些资料对碰撞造山带结构和物质组成的指示。结果表明:青藏高原东南缘不同部位的壳幔结构和组成存在较大差异。兰坪—思茅地块、保山地块和腾冲地块等的中地壳(15~30 km深度)普遍发育低速层,表明富水层或者部分熔融物质的存在,为青藏高原物质向东南流动提供了可能。部分熔融产物以大型剪切带内具有高Sr、低Nd同位素特征的淡色花岗岩脉为代表。但是,扬子板块同等深度下却发育高速层,其组成很可能是峨眉山玄武岩,它的存在阻隔了碰撞带物质向东流动。扬子板块和兰坪—思茅地块下地壳底部均出现呈条带状展布的高速体。根据新生代具有高Sr、低Y的岩石显示的下地壳源区特征,结合该区地质演化历史,将上述两套呈条带状展布的高速体分别解释为新元古代铁镁质弧岩浆岩和二叠纪—三叠纪铁镁质弧岩浆岩。青藏高原东南缘地幔各向异性存在明显南、北分区特征,在26°N以北表现为SN向,在26°N以南表现为近EW向。这一差异跟俯冲的印度板片撕裂有密切关系。该撕裂在综合地球物理剖面上显示为突变的印度板片俯冲角度,在地表表现为苦橄岩、煌斑岩、埃达克岩以及淡色花岗岩等的集中出露。这一新模型明显区别于前人的岩石圈拆沉和对流减薄等作用。  相似文献   

什么控制了华北克拉通东部在新近纪的构造活动?          下载免费PDF全文

安美建  赵越  冯梅  杨玉山  胥勤勉  郝俊杰  谭成轩 《地学前缘》2011,18(3):121-140

在新近纪初期(约23 Ma)的时候,在当时中国大陆周边板块构造环境没有发生重大变化的情况下,华北克拉通东部构造活动性质仍发生了明显的变化.比如,华北克拉通东部的岩石圈增厚了,唐山-邢台断裂开始活动的同时太行山山前断裂却变得不活跃了,华北局部构造变形性质发生了变化等.虽然在古近纪和8 Ma以后,有证据显示印度-欧亚大陆的...  相似文献   

Arc‐nascent back‐arc signature in metabasalts from the Neoarchaean Jonnagiri greenstone terrane,Eastern Dharwar Craton,India     

C. Manikyamba  Sohini Ganguly  M. Santosh  M. Rajanikanta Singh  Abhishek Saha 《Geological Journal》2015,50(5):651-669

The Neoarchaean Jonnagiri greenstone terrane (JGT) is located at the centre of the arcuate Hutti–Jonnagiri–Kadiri–Kolar composite greenstone belt in the eastern Dharwar Craton. High MgO (MgO = ~14 wt.%; Nb = 0.2 ppm), low Nb (LNB) (MgO = 7.8–12 wt.%; Nb = 0.1–5.1 ppm) and high Nb basalts (HNB) (MgO = 5.6–10.1 wt.%; Nb = 9.0–10.6 ppm) metamorphosed to lower amphibolite facies are identified based on their geochemical compositions. These metabasalts exhibit depleted HFSE (Nb–Ta, Zr–Hf), pronounced LREE and LILE enrichments suggesting contribution from subduction‐related components during their genesis. Th and U enrichment over Nb–Ta indicates influx of fluids dehydrated from subducted oceanic lithosphere. The high MgO basalts with higher Mg# (51) than that of the associated LNB and HNB (Mg# = 34–47) represent early fractionated melts of subduction‐modified mantle peridotite. The LNB were produced by partial melting of mantle wedge metasomatized by slab‐dehydrated fluids, whereas the HNB represents melts of subducted oceanic crust and hybridized mantle wedge. Lower Dy/Yb and variable La/Yb ratios suggest their generation at shallower depth within spinel peridotite stability field. The low Ce–Yb trend of these metabasalts reflects intraoceanic type subduction which straddles the fields of arc and back‐arc basin basalts, resembling the Mariana‐type arc basalts. The Jonnagiri metabasalts were derived in a paired arc‐back‐arc setting marked by nascent back‐arc rift system that developed in the proximity of an intraoceanic arc. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Seismic design and shake table tests of a steel post‐tensioned self‐centering moment frame with a slab accommodating frame expansion     

Chung‐Che Chou  Jun‐Hen Chen 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(11):1241-1261

Post‐tensioned (PT) self‐centering moment frames were developed as an alternative to welded moment‐resisting frames (MRFs). Lateral deformation of a PT frame opens gaps between beams and columns. The use of a composite slab in welded MRFs limits the opening of gaps at the beam‐to‐column interfaces but cannot be adopted in PT self‐centering frames. In this study, a sliding slab is used to minimize restraints to the expansion of the PT frame. A composite slab is rigidly connected to the beams in a single bay of the PT frame. A sliding device is installed between the floor beams and the beams in other bays, wherever the slab is allowed to slide. Many shaking table tests were conducted on a reduced‐scale, two‐by‐two bay one‐story specimen, which comprised one PT frame and two gravitational frames (GFs). The PT frame and GFs were self‐centering throughout the tests, responding in phase with only minor differences in peak drifts that were caused by the expansion of the PT frame. When the specimen was excited by the 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake with a peak ground acceleration of 1.87g, the maximum interstory drift was 7.2% and the maximum lateral force was 270 kN, equal to 2.2 times the yield force of the specimen. Buckling of the beam bottom flange was observed near the column face, and the initial post‐tensioning force in the columns and beams decreased by 50 and 22%, respectively. However, the specimen remained self‐centering and its residual drift was 0.01%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

钢筋混凝土梁板柱空间节点抗震性能试验研究     

李振宝  刘春阳  高等利  马华 《世界地震工程》2011,27(2)

通过对一个钢筋混凝土框架中柱空间梁柱节点和一个带现浇楼板空间节点在平面内施加低周反复荷载以及对一个带板空间节点在斜向施加低周反复荷载,深入研究了空间节点在平面内加载和斜向加载下的破坏形态,滞回性能等抗震性能。试验结果表明:在正向弯矩作用下,带板试件梁端承载力略有提高,延性发展直至纵筋拉断;在负向弯矩作用下,带板试件由于板筋参与工作承载力提高2倍以上,变形能力受受压区混凝土破坏控制,与无板试件相当;带板试件在斜向荷载作用下由于相邻梁上作用弯矩相反,减少了板筋参与工作范围,承载力略低。  相似文献   

Dynamic Versus flexural Controls of Late Cretaceous Western Interior Basin, USA     

LIU Shaofeng  Dag NUMMEDAL  LIU Lijun 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):572-573

  相似文献