地震勘探在沉陷区地基稳定性评价中的应用     

王艳玲 高生贾丽昆  肖建华 《中国煤田地质》2005,17(2):53-55

地震勘探尽管在探测煤矿采空区方面已有不少应用实例，但直接应用于大型建筑地质基础稳定性评价方面却是近年来出现的新课题。本文介绍了我们在这方面的一个成功实例，来说明地震勘探在煤矿沉陷区地基稳定性评价中的实际应用价值。  相似文献   

采空区岩层移动的动态过程与可视化研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨帆  麻凤海  刘书贤  张维廉 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(1):84-88

矿山开采引起上覆岩层的移动是一个复杂的动态过程。在岩层的移动和变形过程中岩体具有流变性质，同时岩层的层状组合结构在运动过程中存在时间和空间上的差异。根据流变力学理论和薄板弯曲理论研究了岩层和地表移动的时间、空间过程，推导出考虑时间因数的地表下沉基本公式和获得岩层与地表下沉时间系数的公式。并基于MATLAB软件强大的数学计算和图形功能，开发了相应的模拟地表沉陷动态过程的可视化程序，对某开采煤矿的地表沉陷动态过程进行预测。其预测结果与该矿长期的实际观测资料基本一致，从而为地表沉陷的动态过程预测提供了新的方法。  相似文献   

地面沉降的自动化监测系统     

武健强  张鸿旭 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(2):140-143

文中介绍了一种地面沉降自动化监测的系统方案，该系统是由上位机和下位机组成的分布式结构，数据传输通过公用电话网实现。系统的硬件部分包括位移传感器、控制主机、现场模块控制单元以及调制解调器等，其中传感器应用了CCD(电荷耦合型固体摄像器件)技术，精度可达到0．1mm以上。整个系统均在系统控制软件环境下进行，通过它，可任意设置监测计划，如：每小时测2次或更多；还可以随时了解系统设备的工作状况。通过在长江三角洲地区的数月实地使用，认为这套系统具有精确、可靠、自动化程度高等优点。可以满足实际需要。虽然，自动化技术已广泛应用于许多领域，但在地面沉降监测方面还不多见，有望此项工作能对相关研究有所帮助。  相似文献   

淮北市北区地表水体及采空塌陷遥感调查   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

鹿献章  杨义忠  喻根  杨则东  李良军 《安徽地质》1997,(1)

利用淮北最新的彩红外航片，圈定本区地表水体，统计了其面积；分析了煤矿采空塌陷形成机制，建立了采空塌陷的遥感解译标志，以此圈定了煤矿采空塌陷区的分布范围，并对塌陷区内的土地综合利用情况进行了调查和评述  相似文献   

Sinkhole subsidence due to mining   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

Kalendra B. Singh  Bharat B. Dhar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1997,15(4):327-341

This paper reviews the modes of formation of sinkhole subsidence associated with mining activities, drawing on examples in India. Sinkhole (pot-hole) subsidence is an abrupt local depression at the surface which can be hazardous to life and property due to its tendency to occur without warning. Shallow extraction, weak overburden and geological discontinuities are the main factors which cause them. Sinkholes occur due to the failure of a mine roof which migrates through the overlying strata until the failure zone intercepts the unconsolidated overburden. Alternatively they may occur by the creation of cavities in the overburden following the inflow of sand and soil from the overlying weathered and friable strata through faults. Overburden cavities eventually cave in and sinkholes appear at the surface. Sinkholing phenomena can be controlled to some extent by proper design of mining supports and construction of walls to create a barrier around an area prone to sinkholes in bord and pillar workings. Backfilling and grouting can be used to stabilize abandoned underground workings.  相似文献   

开采沉陷中的抽样定理及其应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邹友峰 《水文地质工程地质》1997,24(6):30-33

根据数字处理中的数学原理，提出了开采沉陷中的抽样定理。以此为基础，导出了地表移动观测站的合理点间距ｒ·其值为Ｈ（５ｔ），获得了以离散的地表移动观测值或预计值，恢复其连续性的地表移动变形值的计算公式。并以计算实例，给出了其计算方法。  相似文献   

A modelling study of vertical surface displacements at convergent plate margins   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Susanne J. H. Buiter  Rob Govers  M. J. R. Wortel 《Geophysical Journal International》2001,147(2):415-427

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一种预测地基沉降的新模型     

郑永胜  陈冶 《工程地质学报》1995,3(3):50-54

本文提出预测地基沉降的变速率指数迭代预测模型,并对该模型的原理进行了讨论。选用实例计算取得较好的拟合预测结果。  相似文献   

Downsag and extension at calderas: new perspectives on collapse geometries from ice-melt,mining, and volcanic subsidence     

M. J. Branney 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1995,57(5):303-318

Structures at calderas may form as a result of precursory tumescence, subsidence due withdrawal of magmatic support, resurgence, and regional tectonism. Structural reactivation and overprinting are common. To explore which types of structures may derive directly from subsidence without other factors, evidence is reviewed from pits caused by the melting of buried ice blocks, mining subsidence, scaled subsidence models, and from over 50 calderas. This review suggests that complex patterns of peripheral deformation, with multiple ring and arcuate fractures both inside and outside caldera rims, topographic embayments, arcuate graben, and concentric zones of extension and compression may form as a direct result of subsidence and do not require a complex subsidence and inflation history. Downsag is a feature of many calderas and it does not indicate subsidence on an inward-dipping ring fault, as has been inferred previously. Where magmatic inflation is absent or slight, initial arcuate faults formed during collapse are likely to be multiple, and dip outwards to vertical. Associated downsag causes the peripheries of calderas undergo radial (centripetal) extension, and this accounts for some of the complex peripheral fractures, arcuate crevasses, graben, and some topographic moats. The structural boundary of a caldera, defined here as the outermost limits of subsidence and related deformation including downsag, commonly lies outside ring faults and outside the embayed topographic wall. It is likely to be funnel-shaped, i.e. inward-dipping, even though ring and arcuate fractures within it may dip outward. Inward-dipping arcuate normal faults at shallow levels and steep inward-dipping contacts between a caldera's fill and walls may both occur at a caldera that has initially subsided on outward-dipping ring faults. They arise due to peripheral surficial extension, gravitational spreading and scarp collapse. Topographic enlargement at some calderas and the formation of embayments may reflect general progressive downsag and localized downsag, respectively. These processes may occur in addition to surficial degradation of oversteep ring-fault scarps.  相似文献   

西安地裂缝发展趋势预测及防治对策     

佟永贺 《陕西地质》1993,(1)

本文依据对地裂缝的监测资料并结合地震及地面沉降等多方面研究成果,提出了西安地裂缝发展具有三个活动周期:Ⅰ级活动周期400～700年,Ⅱ级活动周期20～22年,Ⅲ级活动周期为一年,当前正值地裂缝活动高潮期。文中又据地裂缝的垂直活动速率及其对建筑物的破坏程度对地裂缝活动强度进行了分级,并提出减轻地裂缝危害的防治对策,这对西安市的城市建设和规划将具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献