Simulation of the Urban Heat Island Phenomenon in Mediterranean Climates   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

G.?MihalakakouEmail author  M.?Santamouris  N.?Papanikolaou  C.?Cartalis  A.?Tsangrassoulis 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2004,161(2):429-451

An intelligent data-driven method is used in the present study for investigating, analyzing and quantifying the urban heat island phenomenon in the major Athens region where hourly ambient air-temperature data are recorded at twenty-three stations. The heat island phenomenon has a serious impact on the energy consumption of buildings, increases smog production, while contributing to an increasing emission of pollutants from power plants, including sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides and suspended particulates. The intelligent method is an artificial neural network approach in which the urban heat island intensity at day and nighttime are estimated using as inputs several climatic parameters. Various neural network architectures are designed and trained for the output estimation, which is the daytime and nighttime urban heat island intensity at each station for a two-year time period. The results are tested with extensive sets of non-training measurements and it is found that they correspond well with the actual values. Furthermore, the influence of several input climatic parameters measured at each station, such as solar radiation, daytime and nighttime air temperature, and maximum daily air temperature, on the urban heat island intensity fluctuations is investigated and analyzed separately for the day and nighttime period. From this investigation it is shown that heat island intensity is mainly influenced by urbanization factors. A sensitivity investigation has been performed, based on neural network techniques, in order to adequately quantify the impact of the above input parameters on the urban heat island phenomenon.  相似文献   

高光谱中的Hughes现象与低通滤波器的运用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

杨哲海李之歆  韩建峰宫大鹏 《测绘学院学报》2004,21(4):253-255,258

由于高光谱图像具有很高的光谱分辨率，能够提供更为丰富的地面信息，正在受到国内外的广泛关注。针对高光谱分析过程中产生的Hughes现象，分析了其产生的原因，指出可以在图像预处理阶段对样本进行低通滤波，有效地削弱这种影响。  相似文献   

固结过程中孔隙水压力计算中的吉布斯(Gibbs)现象及其消除   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

包太  刘新荣  朱凡  朱可善 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(1):23-26

一维固结过程中，孔隙水压力的计算在整个计算中占有重要的位置，其计算结果的准确性对于固结度及固结系数的确定均有一定的影响。目前，孔隙水压力的计算均采用级数计算，而由于级数计算中Gibbs现象的存在，使得孔隙水压力的计算中会出现振荡。针对这种情况，本文以误差函数作为基础，对孔隙水压力的计算进行了分析，发现在一定的精度范围内，采用误差函数可以有效地消除由于Gibbs现象带来的振荡。  相似文献   

Detection of model voids by identifying reverberation phenomena in GPR records   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Lev Kofman  Amit Ronen  Sam Frydman   《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2006,59(4):284-299

In order to improve the reliability of the ground penetrating radar (GPR) method in identifying subsurface sinkholes and karst cavities, laboratory investigations have been performed. The main objective of this work was to examine the relationship between horizontal/vertical voids dimensions and wavelengths of various antennas, and the corresponding GPR responses. Emphasis was given to the investigation of the factors that cause the appearance of reverberation phenomena in the signal pattern.The tests were conducted in 5 m × 10 m area by 2-m-deep trench filled with homogenous, dry sand. The voids models (empty fiberglass cylinders in diameters of 0.6 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m and 2.4 m, with various heights) were buried vertically with their tops at depths of between 0.7 and 1.5 m. Investigations were performed for the various model conditions by towing 500, 300 and 100 MHz antennas along a pre-established grid, for the various model conditions.The GPR data collected using the 500 MHz bistatic antenna above the 1.0-m- and the 1.5-m-diameter cylinders, and using the 300 MHz bistatic antenna above the 1.5-m-diameter cylinder, confirmed the presence of a reverberation phenomenon, i.e. a strong convex signal pattern, containing a series of high amplitude extending oscillations with reduced frequency.Based on past practical GPR experience of void detection and presently obtained experimental data, two rules of thumbs may be adopted for the prediction of the appearance of resonant radar pictures:

1. The void diameter larger than the wavelength in air of the antenna used.

2. The vertical size of the empty void not significantly smaller than its horizontal dimension.

The strong reverberations generated by the inner surface of the void targets were found to approximate standing waves generated in cylindrical waveguides and waveguide resonators. The theoretical, experimental and practical results obtained concur.  相似文献   

对矿类专业毕业生“断层”现象的思考与对策     

张兴唐 《化工矿产地质》2006,28(2):121-123

在社会经济体制转型的过程中,矿类专业毕业生出现了人才的“断层”现象。通过对矿类专业人才“断层”现象形成的原因进行分析,认为缓解目前矿类专业人才短缺现象,要以矿山为主体采取内培外引、努力服务、“订单式”培养方式,长期克服类似的人才“断层”现象要以高校为主体,主动调整专业结构和招生规模,培养复合型人才校企合作,多形式、多渠道培养企业所需人才。  相似文献   

家用电器重复出现的地震前兆异常     

池谷元伺 《华南地震》1998,18(2):53-57

据有关报导,１９９５年神户地震前家用电器出现了奇怪的异常现象。我们在实验室中利用范德格拉夫静电发电机用磨擦生电的方法,证实了这些收音机和电视的噪音以及频道混乱现象的存在。  相似文献   

超临界流体萃取技术的应用及展望   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

郎庆勇  魏建谟 《岩矿测试》1998,17(3):216-223

简介了超临界流体萃取（ＳＦＥ）技术的发展,包括超临界流体（ＳＦ）的性质、可以形成最好的ＳＦ的物质、ＳＦ仪器、ＳＦＥ技术的历史及应用研究现状和对ＳＦＥ技术的展望。引用主要文献３７篇。  相似文献   

1989年3月特大电离层事件          下载免费PDF全文

何友文 《地球物理学报》1996,39(Z1):7-17

给出了１９８９年３月罕见的超级太阳活动区（ＮＯＡＡ，ＡＲ５３９５）的多次爆发，在远东地区诱发了一系列强烈的、甚至是首次观测到的电离层扰动事件：（１）重庆站以北地区ＴＥＣ增量达５５×１０^１６ｅｌ／ｍ^２的突增事件；同期武昌、仑坪和知本等站的ＴＥＣ负增量达６５×^１６ｅｌ／ｍ^２的突降事件；（２）兰州以南地区的强ＴＩＤ；（３）持续时间较长的Ｌａｃｕｎａ现象；（４）微粒Ｅ层事件等。作者结合同期远东和巴西地区的电离层扰动，多颗卫星探测结果和全球中低纬区极光的出现，对此次电离层事件的部分异常变化及其形成机制作了初步讨论，并指出东向电场剧增和粒子沉降可能是此次事件的主要因素。  相似文献   

西南极菲尔德斯半岛岩浆作用非平衡过程的自组织现象          下载免费PDF全文

李兆鼐  李汉声  尚如相 《极地研究》1996,8(1):12-23

对西南极菲尔德斯半岛早第三纪火山岩岩石学、地球化学特征及岩浆作用过程的具体分析表明，其岩浆演化过程是岩浆系统与周围环境（介质）进行能量和物质交换的热能耗散过程，具有动态平衡和阶段性的特点。岩浆结晶的多级复合结构和高位岩浆房中的分带构造，是岩浆作用非平衡过程的自组织现象。这种自组织现象也称作耗散结构  相似文献   

伪权现象及抗差估计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

靳奉祥  王同孝 《测绘工程》1997,6(4):16-20

讨论了权与平差结果的关系，指出了残差向量与权之间不一定存在的一一对应的关系，对现行常用抗差估计方案用实例进行了研究，并建议抗差方案设计应对权函数的取值加以限制，以保证平差系统的稳健性。  相似文献