5·12汶川地震地表破裂基本参数的再论证及其构造内涵分析   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

徐锡伟  陈桂华  于贵华  孙鑫喆  谭锡斌  陈立春  孙建宝  陈于高  陈文山  张淑萍  李康 《地球物理学报》2010,53(10):2321-2336

地震地表破裂基本参数是反演地震破裂过程的基本约束条件和预测其他活动断层地震危险性不可缺少的物理量.以野外地表破裂带重要观测点全站仪或差分GPS仪实测数据为基础,结合高分辨率遥感资料解译、先存断层陡坎构造地貌标志的识别、以及地形测绘资料的考证等,重新论证了5·12汶川地震地表破裂带展布样式、长度、最大同震位移值等基本参数.结果表明,地震地表破裂带长度可达240 km,最大垂直位移为6.5±0.5 m,最大右旋走滑位移4.9 m,基于倾角向下变缓逆断层模型推测汶川地震在龙门山推覆构造带中段产生了最大~7 m的地壳缩短量,说明青藏高原东缘横向逆断层为将高原内部东向水平运动转换为高原隆升的转换构造,这一研究结果有助于深化认识青藏高原东缘隆升机理.  相似文献   

2010年4月14日青海玉树地震破裂过程快速反演   总被引：25，自引：1，他引：24       下载免费PDF全文

张勇  许力生  陈运泰 《地震学报》2010,32(3):361-365

基于远震资料的破裂过程反演方法,通过反演2010年4月14日玉树地震的全球宽频带地震垂直向P波波形记录,先后4次反演得到了玉树地震的破裂过程,并比较和讨论了这4次结果.结果表明,玉树地震的破裂过程具有如下基本特征:①地震主要由两次子事件组成,分别对应于震中附近以及震中东南方向上的两块滑动量集中的破裂区域,其中与第2次子事件对应的震中东南方向上滑动集中的区域破裂贯穿至地表;②最大滑动量和最大滑动速率分别为2.1m和1.1m/s,断层滑动速率较大;③玉树地震总体上是一次单侧破裂事件,破裂从初始破裂点(即仪器测定的震源位置)开始,主要向震中东南方向扩展,由"地震多普勒效应"导致在震中东南方向上产生强烈能量聚焦,是玉树城区遭受严重破坏在震源方面的主要原因.  相似文献   

2009年9月29日萨摩亚群岛地区地震破裂过程快速反演          下载免费PDF全文

张勇  许力生  陈运泰 《地震学报》2010,32(1)

运用地震破裂过程快速反演方法,在2009年9月29日萨摩亚群岛地区地震发生后,采用全球地震台网(GSN)的宽频带地震资料,快速反演了这次地震的破裂过程,并于震后3.5小时内得出了这次地震破裂过程的反演结果.结果表明,这次萨摩亚群岛地区地震的破裂过程具有如下基本特征:①矩震级约为MW8.0;②地震主要破裂持续时间约为138s;③滑动量在断层面上的分布比较复杂,整个地震破裂包含至少2个滑动量较大的区域;④这次地震基本上是一次单侧破裂事件,破裂主要朝向西北方向.  相似文献   

论宏观震中及其快速估定方法     

鄢家全  李金臣  俞言祥  潘华  郝玉芹 《震灾防御技术》2010,5(4):409-417

宏观震中与微观震中不仅是概念上的差别,在实际观测结果中也存在不容忽视的差距。宏观震中还可代表震源区和地震波能量辐射的中心。宏观震中在抗震救灾、震害预测、地震地质和工程地震研究等方面,具有无可替代的重要作用。在灾害性地震发生后,可由余震分布来快速估定重灾区范围和宏观震中,将有助于提高抗震救灾效率。  相似文献   

Fast inversion of rupture process of the 14 April 2010 Yushu,Qinghai, earthquake          下载免费PDF全文

Yong Zhang  Lisheng Xu  Yun-tai Chen 《地震科学（英文版）》2010,23(3):201-204

Four results of the rupture process of 14 April 2010 Yushu, Qinghai, earthquake, obtained by inverting the broadband seismic data of Global Seismographic Network (GSN) based on the inversion method of earthquake rupture process, were compared and discussed. It is found that the Yushu earthquake has several basic characteristics as follows: ① There exist two principal sub-events which correspond to two slip-concentrated patches being located near the hypocenter and to the southeast of the epicenter. The rupture of the slip-concentrated patch to the southeast of the epicenter broke though the ground surface; ② The peak slip and peak slip-rate are about 2.1 m and 1.1 m/s, respectively, indicating that the Yushu earthquake is an event with large slip-rate on the fault plane; ③ Overall the Yushu earthquake is a unilateral rupture event with the rupture mainly propagating southeastward. The strong focusing of the seismic energy in the southeast of the epicenter due to the "seismic Doppler effect" reasonably accounts for the tremendous damage in the Yushu city.  相似文献   

DISTRIBUTION OF 3 EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE ZONES IN ESATERN TIENSHAN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH 2 HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES          下载免费PDF全文

WU Fu-yao  RAN Yong-kang  CHEN Li-chun  LI An 《地震地质》2016,38(1):77-90

The distribution of earthquake rupture zone plays a very important role in determining location of epicenter and magnitude of historical earthquake. There is still argument about the seismogenic structure of the 1842 M7 Balikun earthquake and the 1914 M7 1/2 Balikun earthquake in the historical records in eastern Tienshan. Through field geological survey, we confirm that there exist 3 rupture zones in Eastern Tienshan. These rupture zones, Tazibulake rupture zone on the Jian Quanzi-Luo Baoquan Fault, north of Shanshan, Xiong Kuer rupture zone on the south Balikun Basin Fault and Yanchi rupture zone on the south Yiwu Basin Fault, are closely related to 2 historical earthquakes. Based on historical literature and current geological evidence analysis, we infer that Xiong Kuer rupture zone was produced by 1842 M7 earthquake and Yanchi rupture zone by 1914 M7 1/2 earthquake, while Tazibukale rupture zone may represent another unrecorded historical event. South Balikun Basin Fault disturbs Quaternary stratigraphy which has a ¹⁴C age of 3110±30 B.P in the south of Balikun County, ~100km to the east of Xiong Kuer rupture zone, therefore we can't preclude the possibility that Xiong Kuer rupture zone extends to the south of Balikun County. This region overlaps with the meizoseismal area based on the literature document, together with the fact that the impact of 1842 earthquake is no less than 1914 earthquake, we believe that the magnitude of 1842 earthquake is no less than that of the 1914 earthquake.  相似文献   

THE TECTONIC ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF AWANCANG FAULT IN THE LATE QUATERNARY,THE SUB-STRAND OF THE EASTERN KUNLUN FAULT          下载免费PDF全文

LI Chen-xia  YUAN Dao-yang  YANG Hu  XU Xi-wei 《地震地质》2016,38(1):44-64

It is well known that the slip rate of Kunlun Fault descends at the east segment, but little known about the Awancang Fault and its role in strain partitioning with Kunlun Fault. Whether the sub-strand(Awancang Fault) can rupture simultaneously with Kunlun Fault remains unknown. Based on field investigations, aerial-photo morphological analysis, topographic surveys and ¹⁴C dating of alluvial surfaces, we used displaced terrace risers to estimate geological slip rates along the Awancang Fault, which lies on the western margin of the Ruoergai Basin and the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau, the results indicate that the slip rate is 3mm/a in the middle Holocene, similar to the reduced value of the Kunlun Fault. The fault consists of two segments with strike N50° W, located at distance about 16km, and converged to single stand to the SE direction. Our results demonstrate that the Awancang fault zone is predominantly left-lateral with a small amount of northeast-verging thrust component. The slip rates decrease sharply about 4mm/a from west to east between the intersection zone of the Awancang Fault and Kunlun Fault. Together with our previous trenching results on the Kunlun Fault, the comparison with slip rates at the Kunlun fault zone suggests that the Awancang fault zone has an important role in strain partitioning for east extension of Kunlun Fault in eastern Tibet. At the same time, the 15km long surface rupture zone of the southeast segment was found at the Awancang Fault. By dating the latest faulted geomorphologic surface, the last event may be since the 1766±54 Cal a BP. Through analysis of the trench, there are four paleoearthquake events identified recurring in situ on the Awancang Fault and the latest event is since (850±30)a BP. The slip rate of the Awancang Fault is almost equivalent to the descending value of the eastern part of the east Kunlun Fault, which can well explain the slip rate decreasing of the eastern part of the east Kunlun Fault(the Maqin-Maqu segment)and the characteristics of the structure dynamics of the eastern edge of the Tibet Plateau. The falling slip rate gradient of the eastern Kunlun Fault corresponds to the geometric characteristic. It is the Awancang Fault, the strand of the East Kunlun Fault that accommodates the strain distribution of the eastward extension of the east Kunlun Fault. This study is helpful to seismic hazard assessment and understanding the deformation mechanism in eastern Tibet.  相似文献   

COSEISMIC SURFACE RUPTURES AND SEISMOGENIC MUJI FAULT OF THE 25 NOVEMBER 2016 ARKETAO M_W6.6 EARTHQUAKE IN NORTHERN PAMIR          下载免费PDF全文

CHEN Jie  LI Tao  SUN Jian-bao  FANG Li-hua  YAO Yuan  Li Yue-hua  WANG Hao-ran  FU Bo 《地震地质》2016,38(4):1160-1174

The M_W6.6 Arketao earthquake,which occurred at 14:24:30 UTC 25 November 2016 was the largest earthquake to strike the sparsely inhabited Muji Basin of the Kongur extension system in the eastern Pamir since the M 7 1895 Tashkurgan earthquake.The preliminary field work,sentinel-1A radar interferometry,and relocated hypocenters of earthquake sequences show that the earthquake consists of at least two sub-events and ruptured at least 77km long of the active Muji dextral-slip fault,and the rupture from this right-lateral earthquake propagated mostly unilaterally to the east and up-dip.Tectonic surface rupture with dextral slip of up to 20cm was observed on two tens-meter long segments near the CENC epicenter and 32.6km to the east along the Muji Fault,the later was along a previously existing strand of the Holocene Muji fault scarps.Focal mechanisms are consistent with right-lateral motion along a plane striking 107°,dipping 76° to the south,with a rake of 174°.This plane is compatible with the observed tectonic surface rupture.More than 388 aftershocks were detected and located using a double-difference technique.The mainshock is relocated at the Muji Fault with a depth of 9.3km.The relocated hypocenters of the 2016 Arketao earthquake sequence showed a more than 85km long,less than 8km wide,and 5~13km deep,NWW trending streak of seismicity to the south of the Muji Fault.The focal mechanism and mapping of the surface rupture helped to document the south-dipping fault plane of the mainshock.The listric Muji Fault is outlined by the well-resolved south-dipping streak of seismicity.The 2016 Arketao M_W6.6 and 2015 Murghob M_W7.2 earthquakes highlight the importance role of strike-slip faulting in accommodating both east-west extensional and north-south compressional forces in the Pamir interior,and demonstrate that the present-day stress and deformation patterns in the northern Pamir plateau are dominant by east-west extension in the shallow upper crust.  相似文献   

损伤破裂砂岩单轴蠕变特性试验研究     

牛双建  党元恒  冯文林  杨大方 《岩土力学》2016,37(5):1249-1258

深部岩体工程处于高应力环境中,开挖破裂后的工程岩体在持续的高地应力作用下具有很强的时间效应,深入研究其峰后蠕变特性,具有重要的理论和实际应用价值。先采用RMT-150B型岩石力学试验系统对完整岩样进行单轴峰前屈服、峰后破裂卸载试验,制备出具有不同破裂损伤程度的峰前屈服、峰后破裂的损伤岩样;再采用RLW-2000型微机伺服岩石三轴流变仪对其进行单轴蠕变试验,研究其单轴蠕变力学特性。研究结果表明：损伤岩样波速与完整岩样相比,均出现了不同程度的降低;损伤岩样各级应力水平下,瞬时应变量均是随着应力水平的增加而逐步增加,且均符合线性函数关系;相同应力水平下,峰后破裂损伤岩样瞬时应变明显大于峰前屈服损伤岩样;各级应力水平下,总体上各蠕变量随着应力水平的增加而逐步提高,且均符合指数函数关系;相同应力水平下,峰后破裂损伤岩样蠕变量明显大于峰前屈服损伤岩样,且随着荷载水平的进一步提高,两者差异程度增加;损伤岩样各瞬时变形模量随着应力水平的增加均逐步提高,两者之间符合线性函数关系;各应力水平下对应的瞬时变形模量存在明显差异,岩样损伤程度越高,瞬时变形模量越低;各损伤岩样在各级应力水平下,改进的西原模型能够较好地模拟其单轴蠕变特征。  相似文献   

Preliminary study on aftershock decay rate of the 2013 Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake     

Zhe Jia  Weiwen Chen  Risheng Chu 《地震学报(英文版)》2013,(3):185-190

We obtained a catalog of early aftershocks of the 2013 Lushan earthquake by examining waveform from a nearby station MDS which is 30.2 km far away from the epicenter, and then we analyzed the relation between aftershock rate and time. We used time-window ratio method to identify aftershocks from continuous waveform data and compare the result with the catalog provided by China Earthquake Networks Center （CENC）. As expected, a significant amount of earthquakes is missing in CENC catalog in the 24 h after the main shock. Moreover, we observed a steady seismicity rate of aftershocks nearly in the first 10,000 s before an obvious power-law decay of aftershock activity. We consider this distinct early stage which does not fit the Omori law with a constant p （p - 1） value as early aftershock deficiency （EAD）, as proposed by previous studies. Our study suggests that the main shock rupture process is different from aftershocks＇ processes, and EAD can vary in different cases as compared to earthquakes of strike-slip mechanism in California.  相似文献