利用面波频散反演场地参数的Occam法   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

欧阳联华  王家林  吴健生 《物探化探计算技术》2003,25(1):1-4

将Constable等人1987在解释大地电磁测深资料时提出的Occam反演方法应用到面波频散反演之中，其思路是求满足一定的残差条件下的最光滑的模型。从文中反演的几组数据结果来看，该方法在面波反演中的应用效果是令人满意的。  相似文献   

烃类垂向微渗漏及其地表异常显示   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8  

蒋涛  陈浙春 《物探与化探》2003,27(2):92-96

烃类以微泡、水动力、扩散和渗透方式向地表迁移过程中,其效能、方式与油气藏的盖层、断裂与裂隙系统、储层的流体性质、地层压力等地质因素密切相关.通过对塔里木盆地雅克拉凝析气田上的地表、井中化探资料与地质资料的综合分析,认为该气田的井中垂向地球化学特征、控制烃类垂向微渗漏地质因素、地表化探异常显示之间呈现出很好的内在联系.  相似文献   

基于应变模态法识别刚架桥梁的损伤   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

杜思义  陈淮 《世界地震工程》2003,19(2):112-115

基于应变模态方法，对刚架桥的损伤识别进行了研究。通过对某刚架桥在不同损伤工况下的数值仿真计算，探讨了应变模态方法用于刚架桥损伤识别的能力。计算结果表明：利用应变模态差曲线能比较准确地识别出刚架桥的损伤位置；应变模态差曲线在刚架桥损伤单元处的跳跃幅值随单元损伤程度的增加而增大，依此可定性地识别出刚架桥的损伤程度。  相似文献   

2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震地表破裂带   总被引：30，自引：8，他引：30       下载免费PDF全文

陈杰  陈宇坤  丁国瑜  田勤俭  王赞军  单新建  任金卫  赵瑞斌  王志才 《第四纪研究》2003,23(6):629-639

2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级地震是近50年来在我国大陆发生的震级最大、地表破裂最长的地震事件.地震地表破裂带全长426km,宽数米至数百米,总体走向90°～110°,具有明显的破裂分段特征,自西向东由5条次级破裂段组成.各破裂段又由若干更次级左阶或右阶斜列的破裂组成,具有自相似的分形结构特征.地震破裂带以左旋走滑为主,倾滑量很小.宏观震中区位于库赛湖东北93.0°～93.5°E一带的昆仑山南麓断层谷地内.最大地表同震左旋水平位移6.4m,最大垂直位移为4m.地表水平位移沿地震破裂带走向出现6个峰值,各峰值之间存在相对独立的衰减序列,这表明此地震具有多点破裂特征.  相似文献   

底质不连续面类型、成因及遗迹学特征     

齐永安  徐华山 《地质科技情报》2003,22(1):41-46

底质不连续面是沉积作用中断时所形成的一种地层界面。根据底质的粘结程度可将底质不连续面划分为两大类：固底不连续面和硬底不连续面。固底不连续面中的简单停积面依靠沉积序列的变化来识别，界面上、下的生物地层带是连续的；而复成停积面上、下的生物地层带不连续。在硬底不连续面中，硬底的上、下地层属于同一个沉积体系，而继承性岩底的上、下地层则属于不同的沉积体系，其间发生过重大的沉积间断。根据底质控制的Glossifungites遗迹相和Trypanites遗迹相可以有效地识别各类不连续面并解释其成因。三种类型的不连续面具有层序地层学意义：①侵蚀性不连续面，包括低水位侵蚀面（LSE）和海进侵蚀面（TSE）；②无沉积间断面；③沉积性不连续面（凝缩段）。  相似文献   

Scaling effects on modeled surface energy-balance components using the NOAH-OSU land surface model   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

V. Sridhar  Ronald L. Elliott  Fei Chen 《Journal of Hydrology》2003,280(1-4):105-123

As surface exchange processes are highly non-linear and heterogeneous in space and time, it is important to know the appropriate scale for the reasonable prediction of these exchange processes. For example, the explicit representation of surface variability has been vital in predicting mesoscale weather events such as late-afternoon thunderstorms initiated by latent heat exchanges in mid-latitude regions of the continental United States. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of different spatial scales of input data on modeled fluxes, so as to better understand the resolution needed for accurate modeling. A statistical procedure was followed to select two cells from the Southern Great Plains 1997 hydrology experiment region, each 20 km×20 km, representing the most homogeneous and the most heterogeneous surface conditions (based on soil and vegetation) within the study region. The NOAH-OSU (Oregon State University) Land Surface Model (LSM) was employed to estimate surface energy fluxes. Three scales of study (200 m, 2 and 20 km) were considered in order to investigate the impacts of the aggregation of input data, especially soil and vegetation inputs, on the model output. Model results of net radiation and latent, sensible and ground heat fluxes were compared for the three scales. For the heterogeneous area, the model output at the 20-km resolution showed some differences when compared with the 200-m and 2-km resolutions. This was more pronounced in latent heat (12% decrease), sensible heat (22% increase), and ground heat flux (44% increase) estimation than in net radiation. The scaling effects were much less for the relatively homogeneous land area with 5% increase in sensible heat and 4% decrease in ground heat flux estimation. All of the model outputs for the 2- and 20-km resolutions were in close agreement. The results suggested that, for this study region, soils and vegetation input resolution of about 2 km should be chosen for realistic modeling of surface exchange processes. This resolution was sufficient to capture the effects of sub-grid scale heterogeneity, while avoiding the data and computational difficulties associated with higher spatial resolutions.  相似文献   

Seismic evidence for deep low-velocity anomalies in the transition zone beneath West Antarctica   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anne Sieminski  Eric Debayle  Jean-Jacques Lévêque 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,216(4):645-661

We present a three-dimensional (3D) SV-wave velocity model of the upper mantle beneath the Antarctic plate constrained by fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves recorded at regional distances. The good agreement between our results and previous surface wave studies in the uppermost 200 km of the mantle confirms that despite strong differences in data processing, modern surface wave tomographic techniques allow to produce consistent velocity models, even at regional scale. At greater depths the higher mode information present in our data set allows us to improve the resolution compared to previous regional surface wave studies in Antarctica that were all restricted to the analysis of the fundamental mode. This paper is therefore mostly devoted to the discussion of the deeper part of the model. Our seismic model displays broad domains of anomalously low seismic velocities in the asthenosphere. Moreover, we show that some of these broad, low-velocity regions can be more deeply rooted. The most remarkable new features of our model are vertical low-velocity structures extending from the asthenosphere down to the transition zone beneath the volcanic region of Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica and a portion of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge close to the Balleny Islands hotspot. A deep low-velocity anomaly may also exist beneath the Ross Sea hotspot. These vertical structures cannot be explained by vertical smearing of shallow seismic anomalies and synthetic tests show that they are compatible with a structure narrower than 200 km which would have been horizontally smoothed by the tomographic inversion. These deep low-velocity anomalies may favor the existence of several distinct mantle plumes, instead of a large single one, as the origin of volcanism in and around West Antarctica. These hypothetical deep plumes could feed large regions of low seismic velocities in the asthenosphere.  相似文献   

冻土路基表面的融化指数与冻结指数   总被引：21，自引：6，他引：21  

程国栋  江灏  王可丽  吴青柏 《冰川冻土》2003,25(6):603-607

在冻土层之上筑路，由于会改变地-气界面的热物理特性，进而影响冻土层的热力→动力稳定性，故而修筑一定高度的路基成为保护冻土层所采取的一种常规措施．在修筑路基之后，与路基边坡的朝向有关的热效应是冻土路基工程保护措施必须考虑的问题．在数理分析与数值模拟分析的基础上，给出了可根据气温的年最大和最小月平均值计算路基表面的融化指数与冻结指数以及有关热状况参数的方法，并以青藏铁路北麓河段2002年为例进行了计算分析．实例分析表明，即便是没有修筑道路，北麓河地区的冻土也已经处于临界状态；路基相对的两个坡面，由于朝向不同会造成温度分布的强非均匀性，其中南和偏南方向与北和偏北方向的路基坡面热状况差异最大，有必要对路基相对的两个坡面采用不同的防护措施，一方面改善就地取土修筑路基对其下伏冻土层的直接不良影响，同时也尽可能减小路基表面温度分布的非均匀性，以避免纵向裂缝的发生。  相似文献   

俄罗斯贝加尔湖-日本石卷地学断面西段地质-地球物理基本特征     

FAISAL S  杨宝俊  于平  李瑞磊  王世煜 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(2):227-231

对于贝加尔湖-石卷地学断面(BAMSIP)的西段俄罗斯贝加尔湖-中国满洲里断面城内的地质构造背景、地震剖面波类型和基本特征等研究发现：(1)断面域中贝加尔裂谷带地震波速度结构存在异常地幔带；结晶地壳物质成分基性程度较高；基底顶面和Moho界面未观察到明显的镜象关系；(2)西伯利亚南部的复杂相故基底由古生代和前寒武纪岩层所组构；区域构造由古褶皱系、中生代沉积盆地、裂谷带构成。  相似文献   

高浓度黏性泥石流堆积层理结构中筛积层和粗化层形成机理的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王裕宜  詹钱登  韩文亮  邹仁元 《沉积学报》2003,21(2):205-210

根据高浓度黏性泥石流的观测资料,应用不同类型黏性泥石流的流变特性和流体结构的分类指标-流核比,对高浓度黏性泥石流堆积中的混杂层、筛积层和粗化层理结构进行了成因差异分析。侧重分析了砾石质点在高浓度黏性泥石流蠕动流场中作向上垂直运动的魏森伯效应,并在表面富集形成了筛积层的成因,及其它与粗化层结构的区别。  相似文献