Study on diversity and temporal-spatial characteristics of eukaryotic microorganisms on Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi River Head, Tianshan     

Wei Zhang  GaoSen Zhang  GuangXiu Liu  ZhongQin Li  LiZhe An 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(4):0306-0313

Surface snow samples of different altitudes and snow pit samples were collected from Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi River Head, Tianshan. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to examine the diversity and temporal-spatial characteristics of eukaryotic microorganisms with different altitudes and depths. Results show that the eukaryotic microorganisms belong to four kingdoms—Viridiplantae, Fungi, Amoebozoa, and Alveolata. Among them, algae (especially Chlamydomonadales) were the dominant group. The diversity of eukaryotic microorganisms was negatively correlated with altitude and accumulation time, but positively correlated with δ¹⁸O values. These results indicate that temperature is the main factor for the temporal- spatial change of eukaryotic microorganisms, and the diversity of eukaryotic microorganisms could be an index for climate and environmental change.  相似文献   

基于ESDA的上海地区经济关联模式研究     

王全 《测绘科学》2011,36(5):95-97

探索性空间数据分析技术在探索区域经济发展的空间结构中发挥着重要作用。本文基于ESDA技术,利用上海市各区县1997-2004年的人均GDP指标,对上海地区的经济发展关联模式进行了探索性分析。分析表明,上海市各区县经济发展趋于发散,差距越来越大。上海市经济发展朝北部、西部、南部郊区偏移。  相似文献   

Vessel traffic patterns in the Port of Kaohsiung and the management implications for preventing the introduction of non-indigenous aquatic species     

Liu TK  Tsai TK 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(3):602-608

Data on shipping traffic in one of the busiest seaports in the world, the Port of Kaohsiung, were analyzed to evaluate the implications for ballast water management. Results show that 67% of the arriving vessels were registered to a flag of convenience, which typically have a lower degree of environmental records. The top five donor countries historically suffer from harmful algal bloom problems. The short journey and busy trading between these countries and Taiwan lead to a higher risk of inoculation. In addition, only 1.4% of all vessels visited more than once every year during the 9-year span, indicating that the port authority encounters many new vessels each year. These findings could influence the design and application of ballast water management strategies as well as highlight the challenges in their implementation. We suggest that an analysis of vessel traffic patterns should be coupled with other useful vessel information to make risk assessment successful.  相似文献   

A Study of the Impacts of the Spatial Differences in Climate Engineering Programs on the Extreme Intensities of High-Temperature Events in China Under A 1.5°C Temperature Control Target     

孔锋 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2020,26(2):161-175

Based on the daily maximum temperature data and average temperature data prediction for the period ranging from 2020 to 2099 under the scenario of BNU-ESM climate engineering (G4 test) and non-climate engineering (RCP4.5), the regional differences in the extreme high-temperature intensities in China during the implementation of climate engineering programs (2020 to 2069) and after the implementation of those programs (2070 to 2099) were analyzed using a Weibull Distribution Theory. The results indicated the following: (1) The results of this study’s comparison between the two scenarios had shown that climate engineering had not fundamentally changed the spatial features of the high and low differentiations for the extreme high-temperature intensities with the different recurrence periods in China. It was found that in both scenarios, the extreme high-temperature intensities were characterized by the spatial differentiations of low-temperature intensities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and high-temperature intensities in the eastern and northwestern region; (2) This study’s comparison results of the two scenarios had indicated that the climate engineering processes during the two study periods could potentially help mitigate the extreme high-temperature intensities with different recurrence periods in China. Furthermore, the mitigation effects during the implementation period would be significantly higher than those after the implementation; (3) This study’s results of the comparison between the periods ranging from 2020 to 2069 and 2070 to 2099 under the proposed climate engineering scenarios suggested that there would be no strong rebounding of the extreme high-temperatures following the implementation of climate engineering programs, and the mitigation effects on the extreme high-temperature intensities during the implementation of the climate engineering programs would be significantly higher than after the implementation of the programs; (4) When comparisons were made of the changes of the average temperatures in China before and after the implementation of climate engineering programs, the results had shown that the average temperature in China had been reduced by at least 1.25℃ as a result of climate engineering, which would effectively alleviate the global warming trend, and could also be conducive to the realization of a temperature control target of 1.5℃ in accordance with the Paris Agreement.  相似文献   

Characterization of humic substances by advanced solid state NMR spectroscopy: Demonstration of a systematic approach   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jingdong Mao  Na ChenXiaoyan Cao 《Organic Geochemistry》2011,42(8):891-902

Characterization of humic substances is challenging due to their structural complexity and heterogeneity. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is regarded as one of the best tools for elucidating structures of humic substances. The primary solid state NMR technique that has been used so far is the routine ¹³C cross polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) technique. Although this technique has markedly advanced our understanding of humic substances, the full potential of NMR for characterizing humic substances has yet to be realized. Recent technical developments and applications of advanced solid state NMR have revealed the promise to provide deeper insights into structures of humic substances. In this paper, we summarized and demonstrated the systematic solid state NMR protocol for characterization of humic substances using a humic acid as an example. This protocol included (1) identification of specific functional groups using spectral editing techniques, occasionally assisted by ¹H¹³C two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (2D HETCOR) NMR, (2) quantification of specific functional groups based on direct polarization-magic angle spinning (DP-MAS) and DP-MAS with recoupled dipolar dephasing, combined with spectral editing techniques, (3) determination of connectivities and proximities of specific functional groups by ¹H¹³C 2D HETCOR or 2D HETCOR combined with spectral editing techniques, and (4) examination of domains and heterogeneities by ¹H¹³C 2D HETCOR with ¹H spin diffusion. We used a soil humic acid as an example to demonstrate how this protocol was applied to the characterization of humic substances step by step. Afterwards, based on typical ¹³C NMR spectra of humic substances we described how we could combine different NMR techniques to identify specific functional groups band by band from downfield to upfield. Finally, we briefly mentioned the potential new NMR techniques that could be developed to enrich the current systematic protocol. This systematic protocol is not only applicable to humic substances but also to other natural organic matter samples.  相似文献   

Probabilistic models for ore body recognition     

J. William Miller 《Mathematical Geology》1989,21(5):559-578

Four statistical models have been developed to aid in exploration drilling for ore deposits. The Austinville (Virginia) deposit, which is a Mississippi Valley-type deposit with 31 million metric tons of ore in 17 ore bodies, provides the data base. Because most ore bodies are not solid ore, holes drilled through them will intersect sub-ore mineralization as well as ore. The statistical models were designed to show whether drilling is through an ore body or not, depending on the mineralization intersected by holes. The models are based on a threefold classification of mineralization penetrated by surface drill holes and were developed for cases of fixed budgets with specified number of drill holes and floating budgets with variable number of drill holes. Two classifications were used: (1) binomial ore/non-ore classification and (2) trinomial ore/mineralized/barren. For the fixed budget model with the ore/non-ore classification, at least five holes need to be drilled to decide whether or not an ore body has been penetrated. For the fixed budget model with the ore/mineralized/barren classification, and for both floating budget models, at least three holes need to be drilled. All decisions are based on a 90% confidence level.  相似文献   

50hPa距平场13个特征波型的相关性及其季变年变规律的研究     

王玉佩  潘桃  李维京 《高原气象》1992,(3)

本文给出了平流层50hPa距平场13个特征波型和用288个格点距平资料计算的自相关系数分布图和500hPa288个格点及敏感区6个格点距平资料计算的相关系数分布图。三者之间非常相似。这意味着平流层和对流层之间是紧密相关的。50hPa自相关系数图反映的是超长波1—3波系统演变趋势,而500hPa相关系数图在秋季反映的是3波槽脊系统,冬夏季却反映的是2波系统,这足以说明50hPa距平场13个特征波型是平流层大气客观存在的运动形式。我们还发现它们在各自的季变年变过程中存在着显著的演变规律和相当长的稳定性,是大气环流未来变化和发生各种灾害性天气气候过程的重要影响因子。  相似文献   

辽宁西部中生代火山岩的基本特征   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

郭洪中  张招崇 《岩石矿物学杂志》1992,11(3):193-204

辽西中生代火山岩主要分布于燕辽台褶带,由兴隆沟、兰旗和义县旋回构成。火山岩的岩石化学特征为SiO_2平均60.2%、富Na_2O、介于钙碱性和弱碱性系列之间。稀土总量低,铕的负异常弱,Isr在0.70546—0.70653之间。其特征与源区基底太古代建平群变质岩十分相似,反映了它们之间的成因联系。将太古代建平群变质岩和亏损地幔作为端员组分,由G.Faure二元混合模拟公式求得辽西中生代火山岩由65.8%—82.1%的源区物质——建平群变质岩和34.2%—7.9%的亏损地幔混合组成,表明辽西中生代火山岩主要是由源区物质——晚太古代建平群变质岩经部分熔融后形成的,成因上属于典型的不成熟地壳重熔类型。  相似文献   

玄武岩的大地构造岩石化学特征与判别的初步研究     

朱振华  杨洪之 《矿物岩石》1992,12(4):57-65

本文用地洼学说的大地构造观点,对与地壳演化的深部作用有密切关系的玄武岩类岩石的一些岩石化学数据进行研究,指出反映深部作用差异的地槽、地台、地洼三阶段玄武岩时空分布的三个高峰,揭示出三阶段玄武岩类岩石,总的存在由拉斑玄武岩系列→钙碱性玄武岩系列→碱性玄武岩系列的演化规律,以及三阶段玄武岩浆源的深度有逐渐加深的趋势。最后提出了一个较简明的判别不同大地构造属性玄武岩的岩石化学标志图。  相似文献   

安徽歙县蛇绿岩地球化学特征及形成构造环境   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

杨建明  王希斌  鲍佩声 《岩石矿物学杂志》1993,12(3):232-242

岩石化学、微量元素及稀土元素地球化研究表明:歙县蛇绿岩内地幔橄榄岩稀土元素配分为LREE富集型,不同于我国其他造山带地幔橄揽岩。歙县蛇绿岩壳层组合属于钙碱性和拉斑玄武岩间过渡系列,具类似的微量及稀土元素比值和稀土元素配分模型,且大离子亲石元素(LIL)和LREE高度富集。在Zr—Ti—Y和Hf—Ta—Th图解内,蛇绿岩基性熔岩成分点均落入钙碱性玄武岩区。结合岩石及区域地质资料,歙县蛇绿岩应形成于弧后(弧间)盆地环境。  相似文献