Research Progress of the Fractured-vuggy Reservoir Zones in Carbonate Reservoir   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Xiaoyao Wang  Lianbo Zeng  Hehua Wei  Jianfang Sun  Jinxiong Shi  Xiang Xu  Dongsheng Cao  Shilei Lu 《地球科学进展》2018,33(8):818-832

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无人机遥感的大型野生食草动物种群数量及分布规律研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邵全琴  郭兴健  李愈哲  汪阳春  王东亮  刘纪远  樊江文  杨帆 《遥感学报》2018,22(3):497-507

以黄河源玛多县为研究区,利用无人机分别于2017年冬春季开展了航拍调查,航拍有效面积达326.6 km2,获取影像23784张,建立了藏野驴、藏原羚、岩羊等野生动物,以及牦牛、藏羊和马等家畜的无人机图像解译标志库。通过人机交互方式解译,获取调查样带内的种群数量:藏野驴的样带密度为1.15只/km2,藏原羚为0.61只/km2,岩羊为0.62只/km2,家养牦牛为4.12只/km2,家养藏羊为7.34只/km2,马为0.06只/km2。利用冷暖季草场的估算方法,通过地面同步调查验证、统计数据验证,估算出玛多县藏野驴、藏原羚和岩羊,以及家牦牛、藏羊和马的种群数量为:藏野驴17109头,藏原羚15961只,岩羊9324只,牦牛70846头,藏羊102194只,马1156匹。大型野生食草动物藏野驴、藏原羚和岩羊总计8.57万羊单位;家畜藏羊、牦牛和马总计38.90万羊单位;大型野生食草动物和家畜总计47.5万羊单位。大型野生食草动物羊单位数量与家畜羊单位数量之比为1∶4.5。并分析了野生动物分布密度与栖息地生境因子的关系:藏野驴偏好选择高程4200—4400 m,坡度为2°—5°,离农村居民点距离1—2 km和4—5 km,离水源距离小于1 km,离公路距离2—3 km和4—5 km的范围内,草地盖度60—80%。藏原羚偏好选择高程4100—4200 m和4400—4500 m,坡度为大于5°,草地盖度80%以上,离农村居民点距离2—3 km,离水源距离小于1—2 km,离公路距离小于1—2 km和4—5 km的范围内。岩羊偏好选择高程4100—4200 m,坡度为大于5°,草地盖度较低,离农村居民点距离小于1 km,离水源距离小于1—2 km,离公路距离大于5 km的范围内。与传统的地面调查方法相比,基于无人机遥感的大型野生食草动物种群数量调查,具有快速、经济、可靠等优点,为今后野生动物调查提供了一种有效、可靠的技术途径。  相似文献   

河控三角洲生长的动力和沉积模式     

齐亚林  赵彦德  邵晓州  楚美娟  左静 《沉积学报》2021,39(2):374-382

分析河口动力特征,进而揭示其控制下的三角洲前缘挟沙河流床沙载荷（推移质）搬运和沉积机制,是合理构建河控三角洲生长沉积模式的前提。运用流体力学的湍流理论从微观动力过程角度分析失去河床约束条件下依靠惯性作用流动的河水入湖过程中河、湖两类水体的相互作用机制及流动规律,结合水槽物理模拟及前人开展的数值模拟,并借鉴河流泥沙动力学理论成果,构建了受流体力学及河流泥沙动力学约束的河控三角洲生长的动力和沉积模式。结果表明:湍流的特点决定了两类水体界面处存在强烈的质量、动量、动能传递。河水入湖过程既不是圆形（轴对称）射流,也不是平面（二维）射流,而是矩形（三维）射流,流速沿程会以负指数快速衰减。河口是挟沙河流流速衰减的终点,其控制下的三角洲前缘是挟沙河流床沙载荷沉积的终点。三角洲平原砂体生长过程,是三角洲平原动力、沉积、地貌相互作用的过程,生长的动力和沉积模式可以概括为:河流末端水体流速沿程衰减→挟沙能力降低→泥沙沉积→河床抬高→堤岸决口→河流分叉→水体流速沿程衰减→挟沙能力降低→泥沙沉积。分流河道砂体构成三角洲平原的骨架砂体,地貌控制下河流的频繁摆动是三角洲平原砂体生长的重要机制。河控三角洲沉积的主体为平原环境,而非前缘环境。  相似文献   

喜马拉雅琼嘉岗超大型伟晶岩锂矿的形成时代、源区特征及分异特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵俊兴  何畅通  秦克章  施睿哲  刘小驰  胡方泱  余可龙  孙政浩 《岩石学报》2021,37(11):3325-3347

喜马拉雅新生代淡色花岗岩带是近年来提出的与高度结晶分异、异地深成淡色花岗岩有关的稀有金属战略远景区,目前其金属组合以铍-铌-钽（-锡-钨）为主。秦克章等（2021a）报道了在高喜马拉雅带珠峰地区发现的琼嘉岗锂矿,是喜马拉雅首例具有工业价值的伟晶岩型锂矿。本次研究重点揭示喜马拉雅琼嘉岗伟晶岩型锂矿的成矿特征、形成时代和源区特征。琼嘉岗矿区矿石矿物主要为锂辉石、铌铁矿-铌锰矿、少量锡石和绿柱石,特征性长柱状锂辉石主要产于块体微斜长石+锂辉石带和分层细晶岩带内。琼嘉岗锂辉石伟晶岩各结构分带的K/Rb含量较为相似,锂含量从边部细粒钠长石带（~100×10^-6）到分层细晶岩带（~1000×10^-6）,再到块体微斜长石+锂辉石带（>3000×10^-6）逐渐升高,而Cs含量逐渐降低。独居石和铌钽铁矿族矿物LA-ICPMS定年结果显示,琼嘉岗锂辉石伟晶岩形成于新喜马拉雅阶段早期（25~24Ma）,与高喜马拉雅地区淡色花岗岩时代相近。矿物化学和独居石Nd同位素结果显示该稀有金属伟晶岩结晶于高度演化的花岗伟晶岩熔体,源区特征与高喜马拉雅结晶岩系一致。本研究所揭示的琼嘉岗成矿特征、形成时代和源区特征将为高喜马拉雅其它地区找寻大型花岗伟晶岩型锂矿提供重要借鉴意义。  相似文献   

南极新生代海陆格局变迁对全球气候变化的影响     

裴军令  赵越  周在征  杨振宇  刘晓春  郑光高  仝亚博  李建锋  侯礼富 《地质力学学报》2021,27(5):867-879

南极大陆记录了新生代以来地质演化中多次重大地质事件,包括大陆生长、裂解和离散、全球冷却和大陆尺度南极冰盖的发展等。尽管非常重要,但至今关于南极大陆新生代地质演化仍有诸多争论。文章主要针对塔斯曼通道和德雷克海峡贯通过程,系统总结并分析了南极洲、南美洲和澳大利亚的构造、岩浆和沉积演化历史。始新世晚期至渐新世早期开始发育的南极环极洋流（ACC）受德雷克海峡和塔斯曼通道扩张程度的控制。综合分析和对比研究表明,~34 Ma全球气候从"暖室"到"冷室"的转变与ACC开始的时间一致,表明构造通道的打开控制了ACC的发育,进而对全球气候产生了重要影响。最后,简要总结了南极作为一个完整的地球系统,其新生代地质演化如何控制海陆格局的变迁,并提出未来研究需要解决的关键问题。   相似文献   

Nonlinear dynamics and recurrence analysis of extreme precipitation for observed and general circulation model generated climates          下载免费PDF全文

Dionysia Panagoulia  Eleni I. Vlahogianni 《水文研究》2014,28(4):2281-2292

A statistical framework based on nonlinear dynamics theory and recurrence quantification analysis of dynamical systems is proposed to quantitatively identify the temporal characteristics of extreme (maximum) daily precipitation series. The methodology focuses on both observed and general circulation model (GCM) generated climates for present (1961–2000) and future (2061–2100) periods which correspond to 1xCO₂ and 2xCO₂ simulations. The daily precipitation has been modelled as a stochastic process coupled with atmospheric circulation. An automated and objective classification of daily circulation patterns (CPs) based on optimized fuzzy rules was used to classify both observed CPs and ECHAM4 GCM‐generated CPs for 1xCO₂ and 2xCO₂ climate simulations (scenarios). The coupled model ‘CP‐precipitation’ was suitable for precipitation downscaling. The overall methodology was applied to the medium‐sized mountainous Mesochora catchment in Central‐Western Greece. Results reveal substantial differences between the observed maximum daily precipitation statistical patterns and those produced by the two climate scenarios. A variable nonlinear deterministic behaviour characterizes all climate scenarios examined. Transitions’ patterns differ in terms of duration and intensity. The 2xCO₂ scenario contains the strongest transitions highlighting an unusual shift between floods and droughts. The implications of the results to the predictability of the phenomenon are also discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

ROC‐based calibration of flood inundation models          下载免费PDF全文

G. J.‐P. Schumann  H. Vernieuwe  B. De Baets  N. E. C. Verhoest 《水文研究》2014,28(22):5495-5502

The use of spatial patterns of flood inundation (often obtained from remotely sensed imagery) to calibrate flood inundation models has been widespread over the last 15 years. Model calibration is most often achieved by employing one or even several performance measures derived from the well‐known confusion matrix based on a binary classification of flooding. However, relatively early on, it has been recognized that the use of commonly reported performance measures for calibrating flood inundation models (such as the F measure) is hampered because the calibration procedure commonly utilizes only one possible solution of a wet/dry classification of a remote sensing image [most often acquired by a synthetic aperture radar (SAR)] to calibrate or validate models and are biased towards either over‐prediction or under‐prediction of flooding. Despite the call in several studies for an alternative statistic, to this date, very few, if any, unbiased performance measure based on the confusion matrix has been proposed for flood model calibration/validation studies. In this paper, we employ a robust statistical measure that operates in the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) space and allows automated model calibration with high identifiability of the best model parameter set but without the need of a classification of the SAR image. The ROC‐based method for flood model calibration is demonstrated using two different flood event test cases with flood models of varying degree of complexity and boundary conditions with varying degree of accuracy. Verification of the calibration results and optional SAR classification is successfully performed with independent observations of the events. We believe that this proposed alternative approach to flood model calibration using spatial patterns of flood inundation should be employed instead of performance measures commonly used in conjunction with a binary flood map. © 2013 California Institute of Technology. Hydrological Processes © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Weathering, shock metamorphism and type distribution patterns of 98 ordinary chondrites from the Grove Mountains, Antarctica     

Dai Deqiu  Wang Daode  Miao Bingkui 《极地研究(英文版)》2009,20(2)

Petrography and mineral chemistry of ninety-eight ordinary chondrites from Grove Mountains (GRV), Antarctica, were presented and their.weathering effect, shock metamorphism and type distribution patterns were discussed in this study. Among them, six are unequilibrated ordinary chondrites, including 3 H3 and 3 L3; and 92 meteorites are equilibrated ordinary chondrites, including 24 H-group (13 H4, 10 H5, 1 H6), 64 L-group (2 L4, 44 L5, 18 L6) and 4 LL-group (3 LL4, 1 LL5). Most GRV chondrites (>90%) displayed minor weathering effect (W1 and W2). About half of the meteorites experienced severe shock metamorphism. They commonly contain shock-induced melt veins and pockets. These heavily shocked meteorites provide us with natural samples for study of high-pressure polymorphs of minerals. In addition, the Grove Mountains collection seems to have more abundant unequilibrated and L group ordinary chondrites compared to the US Antarctic meteorite collection which were mainly found along the Transantarctic Mountains.  相似文献   

陆内克拉通盆地层序地层构型及其控制因素   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱红涛  李敏  刘强虎  黄众  杜文波 《地球科学》2010,(6)

通过总结我国鄂尔多斯盆地和澳大利亚Surat basin这两个典型的陆内克拉通盆地的层序充填序列,认为该类盆地具有典型的层序地层充填模式:(1)典型的正粒序岩性组合特征;(2)基准面旋回为上升半旋回为主的不对称旋回,具有长期持续水进、短期水退旋回特征;(3)层序主要以LST为主,发育相互切割叠置的复合砂体,为最有利储层;TST和HST相对不发育,发育孤立状的单砂体,为中-差储层.陆内克拉通盆地层序地层及其控制的砂体具有溯源退积的时空展布模式,该模式主要受到盆地边缘构造、沉积物供给、湖平面变化、古地形、盆地充填和气候等因素的单独或综合控制.  相似文献   

Temporal-spatial distribution and ore-forming material source of gold,copper and silver polymetallic ore deposits in the Fuping mantle structure zone     

Baode Wang  Shuyin Niu  Aiqun Sun  Yaming Liu  Yan Xie  Xiaoping Jiang  Yongli Zhao  Yincang Gao  Fuwang Zhao 《中国地球化学学报》2010,29(3):270-277

This study was conducted following research on metallogenesis in the Zhangjiajie-Xuanhua and East Hebei mantle branch structure zones. The Fuping mantle branch structure zone is one where Au, Cu and Ag polymetallic ore resources are concentrated in North Hebei. However, there has existed a long-standing controversy on the temporal-spatial distribution of ore resources and their ore-forming material sources. In terms of age dating and the comprehensive analysis of S, Pb, O, C and Si isotopes, it is considered that the temporal-spatial distribution of ore resources in this mantle branch structure zone is obviously controlled by the Fuping mantle branch structure. In space there is developed such a metallogenic pattern as to be Ag, Pb and Zn polymetallic ore deposits with gold appearing inside and copper appearing outside. Metallogenesis is dated mainly at Yanshanian, the ore-forming mate-rials were derived predominantly from the deep interior of the Earth, and ore-forming fluids were derived largely from Yanshanian magmatism.  相似文献