On the information content of forest transpiration measurements for identifying canopy conductance model parameters     

S. C. Dekker  W. Bouten  F. C. Bosveld 《水文研究》2001,15(14):2821-2832

Generally, forest transpiration models contain model parameters that cannot be measured independently and therefore are tuned to fit the model results to measurements. Only unique parameter estimates with high accuracy can be used for extrapolation in time or space. However, parameter identification problems may occur as a result of the properties of the data set. Time‐series of environmental conditions, which control the forest transpiration, may contain periods with redundant or coupled information, so called collinearity, and other combinations of conditions may be measured only with difficulty or incompletely. The aim of this study is to select environmental conditions that yield a unique parameter set of a canopy conductance model. The parameter identification method based on localization of information (PIMLI) was used to calculate the information content of every individual artificial transpiration measurement. It is concluded that every measurement has its own information with respect to a parameter. Independent criteria were assessed to localize the environmental conditions, which contain measurements with most information. These measurements were used in separate subdata sets to identify the parameters. The selected measurements do not overlap and the accuracies of the parameter estimates are maximized. Measurements that were not selected do not contain additional information that can be used to further maximize the parameter accuracy. Thereupon, the independent criteria were used to select eddy correlation measurements and parameters were identified with only the selected measurements. It is concluded that, for this forest and data set, PIMLI identifies a unique parameter set with high accuracy, whereas conventional calibrations on subdata sets give non‐unique parameter estimates. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

沙漠人工植被区蒸腾测定   总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4  

张志山  李新荣  王新平  张景光 《中国沙漠》2005,25(3):374-379

利用表面覆盖油毡的大型非称重式蒸渗池和LI1600气孔计测定油蒿(Artemisiaordosica)和柠条(Caraganakorshinskii)的蒸腾,比较了两种测定方法是否存在差异。结果表明蒸渗池表面自油毡覆盖至试验结束,油蒿、柠条和流沙处理0~150cm土层土壤含水量都增加,尤其流沙处理土壤含水量上升最明显;油蒿与柠条的冠幅、新梢长和叶面积指数均增加;由于中子仪探测不到蒸渗池底部40cm厚的砾石层的水分,导致了对照流沙处理测定结果不合常规。测定日期不同,LI1600气孔计测定的蒸腾速率的变化趋势和值也不同,但油蒿和柠条的变化步调是一致的,油蒿的蒸腾速率普遍高于柠条的;用多项式拟合得到蒸腾速率日变化曲线均达到显著水平(P < 0.05)。通过单位换算统一和尺度转换,蒸渗池和LI1600气孔计测定结果进行方差分析,表明物种间(油蒿和柠条)差异达显著水平(P < 0.05),测定方法间(蒸渗池和LI1600气孔计)差异不显著;从而说明本研究以叶面积指数和植物冠层盖度为基础,进行叶片水平与种群水平间的尺度转换是可行的。  相似文献   

An assessment of the water budget for contrasting vegetation covers associated with waste management     

Isa A. M. Yunusa  Melanie J. B. Zeppel  Sigfredo Fuentes    Catriona M. O. Macinnis‐Ng  Anthony R. Palmer  Derek Eamus 《水文研究》2010,24(9):1149-1158

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额济纳绿洲河岸胡杨(Populus euphratica)叶水势变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李小琴  张小由  刘晓晴  高冠龙 《中国沙漠》2014,34(3):712-717

利用WP4露点水势仪对额济纳绿洲胡杨(Populus euphratica)叶水势进行测定,研究了胡杨叶水势的日和月变化规律及其影响因子。结果表明:(1)胡杨叶水势日进程呈"V"形,最小值大都出现在13:00,日均值为-2.53±0.30MPa;月变化呈先上升后下降趋势,月均值为-2.43±0.30MPa。(2)树龄越小对应的叶水势越高;叶片着生部位越高,对应的水势越低;卵圆形叶水势整体稍高于披针形叶水势。(3)叶水势与气温、饱和水汽压差和蒸腾速率呈极显著线性负相关,相关系数依次为-0.87、-0.69和-0.88;与相对湿度和光合速率呈极显著二次多项式相关,相关系数分别为0.85和0.92。胡杨叶水势各方面的综合研究对于明晰胡杨的水分亏缺和抗旱机理有一定的理论指导意义。  相似文献   

CO2浓度升高对极端干旱区多枝柽柳叶片水分利用效率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

常宗强  冯起  张秀凤  苏永红  司建华  席海洋  曹生奎 《干旱区地理》2011,34(3):499-504

采用美国Li-COR公司生产的LI-6400便携式光合作用测量系统,在2008和2009年生长季节对极端干旱区额济纳绿洲多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.)叶片的净光合速率(Pn)与蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)随光照强度的变化.结果表明:胞间CO2浓度(Ci)随光照强度增强而减小...  相似文献   

Effects of nitrogen nutritional stress on the morphological and yield parameters of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)     

Gideon O. Okunlol  Olusanya A. Olatunji  Akinjide M. Afolabi  Kolade K. Gbadegesin 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(2):137-145

This investigation was carried out to better understand the effects of nitrogen stress on the growth and yield of tomato(Solanum lycopersicon L.). Seeds of S. lycopersicon(Ife No. 1 variety) were collected from the Osun–State Ministry of Agriculture, Oshogbo, Nigeria and planted in analyzed top soil. The plants were grown for a period of five weeks within which they were supplied with water and kept under optimum environmental conditions that enhanced normal growth. After this period, the plants were subjected to different levels of nitrogen stress which include: plants supplied with distilled water only(n), plants supplied with complete nutrient solution(N), plants supplied with nutrient solution in which nitrogen concentration sources was increased by a factor of 5(N5), and plants supplied with nutrient solution in which nitrogen concentration sources was increased by a factor of 10(N10). Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) results shows that there is no significant effect of stress on the growth and morphological parameters of tomato plants. However, there was a significant effect of nitrogen stress on the yield parameters. Nitrogen stress also caused an increase in the number and size of fruits produced in plants subjected with high nitrogen concentration.  相似文献   

Root distribution of three co-occurring desert shrubs and their physiological response to precipitation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GuiQing Xu  Yan Li 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(2):0120-0127

Root distribution of three desert shrubs,Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.,Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.) Bunge and Reaumuria soongorica(Pall.) Maxim.was investigated under co-occurring conditions using a method for excavating the whole root system.Assimilation shoot water potential and transpiration rates were monitored during the wet-dry cycle.Leaf-specific apparent hydraulic conductance and the index of water stress impact for the three species were calculated from shoot water potential and transpiration rate.The results showed that,along the soil profile,the root system of T.ramosissima mainly distributed at 50 to 310 cm interval,with an average total absorbing root-surface area of 30,249.2 cm2 per plant;the root system of H.ammodendraom distributed at 0 to 250 cm interval with an average total absorbing root-surface area of 12,847.3 cm2 per plant;the root system of R.soongorica distributed at 0-80 cm interval,with an average total absorbing root-surface area of 361.8 cm2.The root distribution shows the following:T.ramosissima uses groundwater as its main water source;H.ammodendraom uses both groundwater and rainwater;and R.soongorica uses rainwater only.During the wet-dry cycle,the hydraulic parameters of T.ramosissima showed no responses to precipitation.R.soongorica responded most significantly,and the responses of H.ammodendraom were intermediate.In conclusion,the plant response to rain events is closely related to their root distribution and plant water-use strategy.  相似文献   

半干旱区域高速公路绿化带建设对地下水循环的影响: 以京藏高速公路呼包段为例     

夏蔓宏  董少刚  张涛  李铱  王超  程雅娟  李政葵 《现代地质》2019,33(2):412-421

高速公路绿化带能美化环境,吸尘减噪,保持水土,但在降水量少的干旱地区,高速公路绿化带主要依赖地下水补给,会对区域地下水资源分布产生一定影响。以土默川平原北部呼包高速绿化带为研究对象,利用3S技术将研究区的绿化带进行分类,同时,结合ET_0等相关公式计算绿化带的蒸腾耗水量。在收集区域水文地质资料的基础上,掌握研究区的地下水补径排特征,计算研究区侧向补给量,进而得出绿化带蒸腾耗水量与地下水补给量之间的关系,定量分析高速公路绿化带建设对区域地下水循环的影响。结果表明:研究区地下水补给主要来源于大青山山前侧向补给,主要排泄为地下水径流排泄及绿化带的蒸腾耗水; 2016-07—2017-06期间,研究区非植被区、植被覆盖区分别占总面积的17%和83%,绿化带年蒸散发量为1006.10 mm,蒸腾耗水量为2434.86×10~4m^3/a;山前侧向补给量为24372.16×10~4m^3/a;绿化带蒸腾耗水量约占山前侧向补给量的10%。由此可见,高速公路绿化带的建设对地下水资源分布有着重要的影响。  相似文献   

菊芋(Helianthus tuberoses)蒸腾特性与水分利用效率对光辐射和CO_2浓度变化的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林栋  马晖玲  冯朝阳  吕世海 《中国沙漠》2010,30(1):74-79

利用便携式光合气体分析系统(LI-6400)在控制光照强度和CO2浓度的条件下,测量和分析了菊芋(Heli-anthustuberoses)的光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)和饱和水汽压亏缺(Vpdl)对不同光辐射(SPR)强度与CO2浓度的响应。结果表明,Pn、Tr、Gs、WUE均随SPR的升高而增大,增幅趋缓,最终趋于动态平衡。Ci与Vpdl则随SPR的增强而减小,SPR高于600μmol.m-2.s-1之后,Ci达到平衡状态。CO2浓度从0增至800μmol.mol-1的过程中,菊芋Pn逐渐增大,从800增至2000μmol.mol-1过程中,其Pn逐渐降低。Ci、Vpdl和WUE随着CO2浓度的升高而增大,Gs和Tr则随CO2浓度的升高而减小。菊芋叶片的光饱和点(LSP)约在1400μmolCO2m-2.s-1,光补偿点(LCP)约19μmolCO2m-2.s-1。  相似文献   

黑河流域山前绿洲灌溉农田蒸散发模拟研究   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  

吉喜斌  康尔泗  赵文智  陈仁升  金博文  张智慧 《冰川冻土》2004,26(6):713-719

基于Penman-Monteith蒸散公式, 应用土壤-植被-大气系统水分和能量传输理论对Shuttleworth-Wallace蒸散模型的参数进行改进, 得出解析计算农田作物蒸腾和土壤蒸发的双源模型. 对黑河流域山前绿洲农田春小麦生长期土壤蒸发、作物蒸腾以及总蒸散过程进行了模拟研究. 对模型的计算结果以田间观测和水量平衡方法进行验证, 误差目标NSE=0.98, 说明该模型用于农田蒸发和蒸腾的计算是合理的. 对影响蒸发和蒸腾的主导因子净辐射、叶面积指数、土壤含水量进行了相关性分析, 得出三者的变化对土壤蒸发、作物蒸腾的影响. 通过不同时期日蒸散发量变化特征的分析, 表明土壤、冠层两个界面对能量和水汽传输的交互影响效应显著.  相似文献