瞬变电磁法在煤矿水害防治中的应用   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

周韬韩自豪  周建雄万广达 彭南宁 《中国煤田地质》2004,16(2):44-46

煤层附近的富水区(带)严重威胁着煤矿的生产安全，探明地下煤层附近富水区的赋存和断层、裂隙的发育情况，可以有效地指导煤矿水害的防治工作。对于含水地层及富水区，瞬变电磁法在多测道剖面上具有典型响应特征，据此可以查明地下水分布情况。在山东某煤田和河南某矿，应用瞬变电磁勘探，准确地查明了煤层顶底板富水区。．  相似文献   

Dynamik der Schilfröhrichte am Bodensee unter dem Einfluss von Wasserstandsvariationen     

Michael Dienst  Klaus Schmieder  Wolfgang Ostendorp 《Limnologica》2004,34(1-2):29

On the basis of different sets of aerial photos the dynamics of the reed bed areas of Lake Constance were investigated in relation to the dynamics of the water levels. The objectives of the study were to quantify the changes of reed areas due to different flood events in the last decades and their recovery in the time periods between these events. The results should given information of the relevance of water level variations on reed bed dynamics and the regeneration times of reed beds after extreme disturbance events.Following the extreme flood at Lake Constance in 1999 the reed belts of Lake Constance lost approximately 30 ha (24%) of the lakeside reed beds. The loss is comparable to the situation in the late 1960s, when approximately 40 ha died back due to the extreme flood in 1965 and the high spring water levels in the subsequent years. In the time period between the extreme floods of 1965 and 1999, the reed areas expanded to nearly 85% of the area before 1965. The expansion rates increased with increasing distance to the flood event of 1965. Especially in periods with series of years of low spring water level the expansion rates were high.The damage degrees of the reed areas in the years 2000 and 2002 showed a clear relation to the elevation (i.e. average water level) of the stands. The damage degree increased with decreasing elevation. Furthermore the regeneration process of severely damaged stands was related to the elevation level of the stands. Whereas stands at high elevation regenerate fast, those at low elevation died off completely in the years after the extreme flood. This supports the hypothesis that the water level flutuations play a major role in the reed dynamics of Lake Constance.As a consequence of the climate change an increase in the frequency of high spring water levels is expected. Thus, it seems unlikely that reed stands will ever expand again to the same area as before 1965.  相似文献   

植被变化对辽西夏季气候影响的数值试验   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘宁微  周小珊 《南京气象学院学报》2004,27(5):632-640

利用2001年6、7、8月份的资料及中尺度模式MM5V3．5对当年夏季辽西生态脆弱区进行了气候模拟性能试验，模拟出植被退化和恢复后辽西地区的温度变化。试验结果表明：在辽西部分地区植被退化后，当地夏季平均温度明显升高；在部分地区植被恢复后，当地夏季平均温度降低；在下垫面状况改变的周边地区，平均温度有一定程度的变化。同时，植被状况的改变对高空气压场和温度场也产生一定影响。  相似文献   

Centrifuge modelling of the influence of crustal fabrics on the development of transfer zones: insights into the mechanics of continental rifting architecture   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Giacomo Corti   《Tectonophysics》2004,384(1-4):191-208

Centrifuge analogue experiments are used to model the reactivation of pre-existing crustal fabrics during extension. The models reproduced a weakness zone in the lower crust whose geometry was varied in order to investigate its role in controlling the architecture of rift segments and related transfer zones. The typical rift system geometry was characterised by two offset rift segments connected by a major transfer zone in which boundary faults were oblique to the extension vector and displayed a significant transcurrent component of movement. The transfer zone was also characterised by cross-basin faults with both trend and strike-slip component of movement opposite to that displayed by the master faults. Typically, different structural patterns were obtained by changing the offset angle φ between the rift segments, supporting that the structural pattern at transfer zones is strongly influenced by the orientation of pre-existing discontinuities with respect to the stretching vector. In the models, the aspect ratio (ratio of length vs. width) of the transfer zone shows a positive correlation with the offset angle (i.e., the more the inherited fabric is parallel to the extension direction, the longer and narrower the transfer zones). In case of staircase offset of the rift segments (φ=90°), the structural pattern was characterised by two isolated rift depressions linked by a narrow transfer zone in which border faults with alternating polarity overlapped. Prominent rise of the ductile lower crust was also observed at the transfer zone. Many of these geometrical features display striking similarities with natural rift systems. The results of the current experiments provide useful insights into the mechanics of continental rift architecture, supporting that rift propagation, width and along-axis segmentation may be strongly controlled by the reactivation of pre-existing pervasive crustal fabrics.  相似文献   

Are isolated stable rigid clasts in shear zones equivalent to voids?     

Daniel W. Schmid  Yuri Yu. Podladchikov 《Tectonophysics》2004,384(1-4):233-242

Particles in shear enclose important information about a rock's past and can potentially be used to decipher the kinematic history and mechanical behavior of a certain outcrop or region. Isolated rigid clasts in shear zones often exhibit systematic inclinations with respect to the shear-plane at small angles, tending towards the instantaneous stretching direction of the shear zone. This shape preferred orientation cannot be easily explained by any of the analytical theories used in geology. It was recently recognized that a weak mantle surrounding the clast or a slipping clast–matrix interface might be responsible for the development of the observed inclinations. Physical considerations lead us to conjecture that such mantled, rigid clasts can be effectively treated as voids that are not allowed to change their shape. The resulting equivalent void conjecture agrees well with numerical and field data and has the following important geological implications. (i) Clasts in shear zones can have stable positions in simple shear without the requirement of an additional pure shear component. (ii) The stable orientation can be approached either syn- or antithetically; hence, the clast can rotate against the applied shear sense. (iii) The strain needed to develop a strong shape preferred orientation is small (γ≈1) and therefore evaluations based on other theories may overestimate strain by orders of magnitude. (iv) The reconstruction of far-field shear flow conditions and kinematic vorticity analysis must be modified to incorporate these new findings.  相似文献   

Structural controls on gold mineralisation and the nature of related fluids of the Paiol gold deposit, Almas Greenstone Belt, Brazil     

Mrcio Anselmo Duarte Ferrari  Asit Choudhuri 《Ore Geology Reviews》2004,24(3-4):173

Chemical analyses suggest that the metavolcanic rocks of the Almas Greenstone Belt (AGB), Tocantins State, Brazil have a continental affinity, possibly related to a continental rift environment. They were metamorphosed to amphibolite facies during a regional tectono-metamorphic event (D_n), retrogressed to greenschist facies assemblages and then hydrothermally altered within dextral strike–slip shear zones (D_n+1). Fracture sets related to D_n+2 intersect S_n+1.The Paiol Gold Mine is one of several mineralised zones within metabasic and meta-intermediate rocks of the AGB. It exploits shoots of sulphide–Au–quartz mineralisation that occupy dilational zones approximately perpendicular to an elongation lineation (L_n+1) within mylonitic foliation S_n+1 (S_n+1=S within the S–C fabric). The dilational zones probably formed due to dextral displacement on sinistrally en echelon C surfaces. Minor amounts of gold may have been introduced or remobilised during D_n+2.Coexisting primary and pseudosecondary fluid inclusions in mineralised quartz veins from ore shoots comprise a high-salinity three-phase type (Type II) and a lower salinity two-phase type (Type I). Homogenisation temperatures for Type II inclusions range from 200 to 410 °C and Type I from 90 to 320 °C. The inclusions and their temperature ranges are believed to reflect heat exchange and some mixing between the two fluid types under relatively constant ambient temperatures, but variable (though broadly declining) fluid temperatures. This took place late in D_n+1 in conjunction with greenschist facies retrogression and localised hydrothermally induced metasomatism.  相似文献   

Deep seismic reflection profiling in the Archaean northeastern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: implications for crustal architecture and mineral potential     

B.R. Goleby  R.S. Blewett  R.J. Korsch  D.C. Champion  K.F. Cassidy  L.E.A. Jones  P.B. Groenewald  P. Henson 《Tectonophysics》2004,388(1-4):119

Deep seismic reflection data across the Archaean Eastern Goldfields Province, northeastern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, have provided information on its crustal architecture and on several of its highly mineralised belts. The seismic reflection data allow interpretation of several prominent crustal scale features, including an eastward thickening of the crust, subdivision of the crust into three broad layers, the presence of a prominent east dip to the majority of the reflections and the interpretation of three east-dipping crustal-penetrating shear zones. These east-dipping shear zones are major structures that subdivide the region into four terranes. Major orogenic gold deposits in the Eastern Goldfields Province are spatially associated with these major structures. The Laverton Tectonic Zone, for example, is a highly mineralised corridor that contains several world-class gold deposits plus many smaller deposits. Other non crustal-penetrating structures within the area do not appear to be as well endowed metallogenically as the Laverton structure. The seismic reflection data have also imaged a series of low-angle shear zones within and beneath the granite–greenstone terranes. Where the low-angle shear zones intersect the major crustal-penetrating structures, a wedge shaped geometry is formed. This geometry forms a suitable fluid focusing wedge in which upward to subhorizontal moving fluids are focused and then distributed into the nearby complexly deformed greenstones.  相似文献   

基于神经网络的区域生态环境分类方法研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

乔平林  张继贤  卢秀山  高武俊  张运生 《地理与地理信息科学》2004,20(2):97-99

如何利用智能化信息提取技术,进行区域生态环境自动分类,一直是一种前沿性研究。该文在分析研究区自然景观特征的基础上,总结了影响区域生态环境的建模要素,基于神经网络技术,并根据生态环境的遥感探测机理,利用TM卫星遥感数据中的可见光、热红外、植被指数(NDVI)以及DEM数据,建立了基于BP神经网络的区域生态环境信息自动提取模型,形成了一种新的生态环境分类方法,其分类结果与实际情况完全一致。  相似文献   

松嫩平原湿地植被对生境干-湿交替的响应   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

田迅  卜兆君  杨允菲  郎惠卿 《湿地科学》2004,2(2):122-127

扎龙湿地和向海湿地水分布存在不均一性，生境中有“干-湿”交替过程。选取“干-湿”界面上沼泽植被与草甸植被共存的群落片断分别设置15个固定样方，生长季内4个月观测结果表明：扎龙湿地和向海湿地生境旱生化时羊草为优势种群，湿生化时芦苇为优势种群，芦苇沼泽群落和羊草草甸群落随生境“干-湿”交替过程相互演替，演替过程既受生境水分波动的影响，又由优势种群内在生物学特性决定。  相似文献   

Seasonal and inter-annual relationships between vegetation and climate in central New Mexico, USA   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Jeremy L. Weiss  David S. Gutzler  Julia E. Allred Coonrod  Clifford N. Dahm 《Journal of Arid Environments》2004,57(4):507-534

Linear correlations between seasonal and inter-annual measures of meteorological variables and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are calculated at six nearby yet distinct vegetation communities in semi-arid New Mexico, USA Monsoon season (June–September) precipitation shows considerable positive correlation with NDVI values from the contemporaneous summer, following spring, and following summer. Non-monsoon precipitation (October–May), temperature, and wind display both positive and negative correlations with NDVI values. These meteorological variables influence NDVI variability at different seasons and time lags. Thus vegetation responds to short-term climate variability in complex ways and serves as a source of memory for the climate system.  相似文献