Organic fraction of the total carbon burial flux deduced from carbon isotopes across the Permo-Triassic boundary at Meishan,Zhejiang Province,China     

Huang Junhua  Luo Genming  Bai Xiao  Tang Xinyan 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2007,1(4):425-430

By combining the carbon cycle model with the records of carbonate and organic (kerogen) carbon isotope, this paper presents the calculation of the fraction of organic carbon burial (f _org) of beds 23–40 at the global boundary stratotype section and point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic boundary at Meishan, Zhejiang Province. The resulting calculation produces two episodes of f _org maxima observed to occur at beds 23–24 and 27–29, which respectively corresponds to the two episodic anoxic events indicated by the flourish of green sulfur bacteria. Two episodic f _org minima occurred at beds 25–26 and 32–34, generally coincident with the flourish of cyanobacteria (bed 26 and upper part of beds 29 to 34) as shown by the high value of 2-melthyhopnoanes. It appears that the f _org is related to the redox conditions, with greater f _org values observed under the reductive condition. The relationship between f _org and the total organic carbon (TOC) content was complex. The f _org value was low at some beds with a high TOC content (such as bed 26), while high observed at some beds with a low TOC content (e.g. bed 27). This association infers the important contribution of primary productivity to the TOC content. The original organic burial could be thus calculated through the configuration of the function of the primary productivity and f _org, which can be used to correct the residual TOC measured today. This investigation indicates that compiling the organic-inorganic carbon isotopes with the carbon cycle model favors to understand the fraction of organic carbon burial, providing information for the reconstruction of the coupling among biota, environments and organic burial. Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007, 32(6): 767–773 [译自: 地球科学—中国地质大学学报]  相似文献   

Effect of system variables and particle size on physical characteristics of air sparging plumes     

Daniel M. Baker  Craig H. Benson 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(5):543-558

Air was injected through a well in a thin transparent tank filled with saturated glass beads to study how the size and air saturation of air sparging plumes are affected by particle size and gradation; operational parameters such as injection pressure, well depth, injection pressure pulsing; and well outlet configuration. V-shaped air plumes with an apex between 40° and 60° were obtained for all tests. The air pressure required to initiate sparging agreed closely with the sum of the air entry pressure and the hydrostatic pressure, with higher initiation pressures required in the fine and well-graded beads. Higher air flow rates and air saturations were obtained in coarser beads at a given pressure, and the variation in flow rate was consistent with estimated air permeabilities. Peak average air saturations were 28–56% for the coarse-medium beads, 10% for the well-graded beads, and 8% for the fine beads. Air saturation and the radius of influence increased modestly (<40%) as the normalized injection pressure exceeded 0.1. Radius of influence increased by approximately a factor of two as the well depth increased, but leveled off once the ratio of radius of influence to well depth reached 0.60–1.05. Pulsing of injection pressure had no effect on the initiation pressure, air flow rate, or air saturation, but increased the size of the air plume and the radius of influence slightly (<15%). Well outlet configuration had only a slight affect the radius of influence (<10%), air saturation (<10%), or air flow rate (<12%). Dye testing showed that water surrounding the air plume circulated during continuous and pulsed sparging. However, pulsed sparging resulted in greater and more defined circulation of water within and adjacent to the air plume, which should reduce mass transfer limitations during sparging.  相似文献   

Principal stages in evolution of Precambrian organic world: Communication 1. Archean and Early Proterozoic     

V. N. Sergeev  M. A. Semikhatov  M. A. Fedonkin  A. F. Veis  N. G. Vorob’eva 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2007,15(2):141-160

Expounded in this work are the results of critical consideration of published and original data on biologic nature and appearance chronology of different groups of Archean and Lower Proterozoic (3.5–1.65 Ga) paleontological remains known from geological record. Conclusions are substantiated by morphological analysis of structurally preserved microfossils, their facies distribution, and by inferable genesis and principal evolutionary trends of Archean stromatolites. A special attention is paid to variations of organic and carbonate carbon isotope composition in sedimentary successions with paleontological remains and to recent information about discovered, most ancient biomarkers of large groups of organic world. As a result of this approach, a detailed model of Precambrian organic world evolution is suggested.  相似文献   

Factors Controlling Sulfide Geochemistry in Sub-tropical Estuarine and Bay Sediments     

John W. Morse  Heather Thomson  David W. Finneran 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2007,13(2):143-156

The primary factors that control the concentration of total reduced (inorganic) sulfide in coastal sediments are believed to be the availability of reactive iron, dissolved sulfate and metabolizable organic carbon. We selected nine sites in shallow (<3 m), close to sub-tropical, estuaries and bays along the central Texas coast that represented a range in sediment grain size (a proxy for reactive iron), salinity (a proxy for dissolved sulfate), and total organic carbon (a proxy for metabolizable organic carbon). Based on these parameters a prediction was made of which factor was likely to control total reduced sulfide at each site and what the relative total reduced sulfide concentration was likely to be. To test the prediction, the sediments were analyzed for total reduced sulfide, acid volatile sulfide, and citrate dithionate-extractable, HCl-extractable and total Fe in the solid phase. Using solid-state gold–mercury amalgam microelectrodes and voltammetry, we determined pore water depth profiles of Fe(II) and ΣH₂S and presence or absence of FeS_(aq). At five of the nine sites the calculated degree of sufildization of citrate dithionite-reactive-iron was close to or greater than 1 indicating that rapidly reactive iron was probably the limiting factor for iron sulfide mineral formation. At one site (salinity = 0.9) dissolved Fe(II) was high, ΣH₂S was undetectable and the total reduced sulfide concentration was low indicating sulfate limitation. At the last three sites a low degree of sulfidization and modest total reduced (inorganic) sulfide concentrations appeared to be the result of a limited supply of metabolizable organic carbon. Fe(II)–S(-II) clusters (FeS_(aq)) were undetectable in 10 out of 12 bay sediment profiles where ΣH₂S was close to or below detection limits, but was observed in all other porewater profiles. Acid volatile sulfide, but not total reduced sulfide, was well correlated with total organic carbon and ranged from being undetectable in some cores to representing a major portion of total reduced sulfide in other cores. Although predicted controls on total reduced sulfide were good for very low salinity water or sandy sediments, they were only right about half the time for the other sediments. The likely reasons for the wrong predictions are the poor correlation of total organic carbon with grain size and differing fractions of metabolizable organic carbon in different sedimentary environments. Differences in sediment accumulation rates may also play a role, but these are difficult to determine in this region where hurricanes often resuspend and move sediments. This study demonstrates the need to examine more complex and often difficult to determine parameters in anoxic “normal marine” sediments if we are to understand what controls the concentration and distribution of sulfides.  相似文献   

桉树腐殖酸(HA)专用肥区域试验与配方的优选     

钱国钦 《福建地理》2007,(4)

采用随机区组设计,以等价投入的常规化肥为对照,开展专用肥多点施肥试验研究.通过专用肥对林木生长量、林相特征的影响分析,结果表明:与等价投入(肥料成本)的常规化肥相比,施用系列专用肥的林分生长量均显著或极显著地高于常规化肥处理,且叶片浓绿、树势强壮,施后19个月内,树高、胸径、材积分别提高了7.8%~51.8%、9.8%~53.0%和30%以上,叶片叶绿素含量提高26.3%~94.2%,叶面积指数提高41.0%~172.8%.经对HA桉树专用肥的增产性、适应性和稳定性的综合分析与评定,选出基肥专用的优化配方为:有机质≥30.0%、N P2O5 K2O≥6.0%(2.5-2.0-1.5)、腐殖酸总量≥8.0%,并加上适量的"绿滴"复合微生物菌剂(于施用时和基肥按每50 kg∶1 kg的量掺入);追肥专用的优化配方为:有机质≥20.0%、N P2O5 K2O≥20.0%(9-8-3)、腐殖酸总量≥6.0%.  相似文献   

水资源中氯代烃污染物的去除方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李琳  刘菲 《黄金地质》2002,8(2):74-76

随着工业化的发展。氯代有机溶剂使用越来越广泛。并且难于去除。在20世纪90年代初期，人们就已认识到用Fe^0恢复污染的地下水的潜力。国外正在研究帮使用扔几种还原挥发性氯代烃的还原反应介质，尤其要提高的是双金属反应系统，反应速度快，而且脱Cl中国难解产物少，目前国也只停留在实验室研究阶段，个别做了地上反应器的验证实验，它的脱Cl机理、介质钝化和完全脱Cl问题还有待于进一步研究。  相似文献   

Anomalous Enrichment of Silver in Organic Matter of the Songxi Shale-hosted Ag-Sb Deposit in Northeastern Guangdong     

HU Kai  YU Chensheng  MA Dongsheng  ZHAI Jianping  ZHANG WenlanDepartment of Earth Sciences  Nanjing University  State Key Laboratoryfor Mineral Deposit Research  Nanjing University  Nanjing  XIAO Zhenyu Guangdong Nonferrous Metals Geological Exploration Bureau  Guangzhou Zhang Yuxu Zhu Xiling 《《地质学报》英文版》2002,76(2):249-256

The silver contents of organic matter in the host rocks of the Songxi shale-hosted Ag-Sb deposit of northeastern Guangdong, South China, have been directly determined using the electron microprobe technique. The silver contents in two types of organic matter, marine vitrinite and solid bitumen, vary in the range from 100×10-6to 350×10-6, which are from tens of times to thousands of times higher than those of the host rocks in the ore deposit. The average silver content of the organic matter is also several times higher than the pay grade of silver for commercial mining of the ore deposit. It is quite obvious that the organic matter of the host rocks in the ore district is characterized by an anomalous enrichment of silver. The results of this study indicate that the silver anomalies in the organic matter have been derived from both the host rocks and the silver-bearing fluids of the Songxi black shale ore source. In the course of sedimentation and later hydrothermal reworking, organic matter was able  相似文献   

气候变化对黄土碳库效应影响的敏感性研究   总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

秦小光  李长生  蔡炳贵 《第四纪研究》2001,21(2):153-161

中国黄土分布广、厚度大,是古气候变化的良好记录载体,然而黄土在大气CO2循环中到底是源还是汇一直是困扰人们的一个问题.本文利用陆相生态系统中的生物地球化学模型,通过敏感性试验,模拟了土壤有机碳对气候变化的响应.结果表明:1)在各种稳定的气候条件下黄土的土壤有机质都是持续增加的,因此可以认为自然条件下黄土是大气CO2的一个汇;2)温度和降水对黄土中土壤有机质含量的影响正好相反,表明湿度是影响黄土地区生态环境的主要因素,温度和降水都是通过对湿度的影响来影响植被生态的;3)地表植被和土壤有机质是黄土碳库与大气CO2之间的重要媒介.黄土表层的生物地球化学过程是影响黄土碳汇效应的主要过程;4)黄土碳库的主要存在形式以次生碳酸盐为主,其次是土壤有机质,气态CO2只占很小比例.  相似文献   

我国水平地带性土壤中有机质的空间变化特征   总被引：18，自引：4，他引：18  

王秀红 《地理科学》2001,21(1):19-23

主要根据全国第二次土壤普查的成果，对我国水平地带性土壤中有机质的含量和胡敏酸与富里酸比值的空间变化特征进行了概括，进而探讨了在不同自然和人因素影响下，土壤有机质的累积状况与稳定性特征。  相似文献   

有机烃气法在个旧锡矿松树脚矿田中的应用   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

陈远荣  戴塔根  党玉涛  康德明 《物探与化探》2001,25(3):180-184

各类岩体、矿石、围岩、地表土壤的烃气测量结果表明,个旧锡矿的成矿存在有机物的参与,矿体周围存在烃气晕圈异常场,已知矿体上方地表有良好的烃气异常反映。认为有机质对金属元素的沉淀、成岩、活化迁移和成矿作用可能比通常认识的大得多,应深入研究有机烃气寻找金属矿这一新方法。  相似文献