大城市气溶胶对光化辐射通量及臭氧的影响研究(Ⅱ)——数值试验分析   总被引：16，自引：8，他引：8  

邓雪娇  铁学熙  吴兑  毕雪岩  谭浩波  李菲  蒋承霖  夏冬 《广东气象》2006,(4):5-11

城市化已引起大量痕量气态污染物、气溶胶以及臭氧前体物的人为排放,从而引起区域大气化学循环的扰动变化。在分析国内外研究现状与观测实例的基础上,进一步用辐射模式与化学模式研究了气溶胶对到达地面的光化辐射通量以及臭氧形成的影响,表明气溶胶可显著减小到达地面的光化学辐射通量,减缓光化学反应进程,并进一步抑制臭氧的形成;在目前广州等大城市的污染过程中,高浓度的气溶胶可造成光化学辐射通量衰减高达70%~80%,紫外线的衰减比可见光更明显,在可见光波段随波长增大衰减幅度减小,气溶胶层的存在对短波长激发的光化学过程的影响更加显著。分析说明城市污染大气中光化学反应的生成物与反应物之间存在自抑制过程,在目前的城市群复合污染情况下,气溶胶与臭氧之间的非线性相互作用值得关注。  相似文献   

B, Sr, O and H Isotopic Compositions of Formation Waters from the Bachu Bulge in the Tarim Basin     

CAI Chunfang PENG Licai MEI Bowen XIAO Yingkai 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(4):550-556

In order to elucidate the origin and migration of basinal brines in the Bachu Bulge, Tarim Basin, we have carried out analyses on chemical composition, and boron, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of formation waters together with the XRD of clay minerals from the Paleozoic strata. The waters show Ca, B, Li and Sr enrichment and SO4 depletion in the Carboniferous and Ordovician and K enrichment in part of the Ordovician relative to seawater. The relationship between δD and δ^18O shows that all the data of the waters decline towards the Global Meteoric Water Line with the intersection of them close to the present-day local meteoric water, suggesting that modern meteoric water has mixed with evaporated seawater. The ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios range from 0.7090 to 0.7011, significantly higher than those of the contemporary seawater. The δ^11B values range from ＋19.7 to ＋32.3‰, showing a decrease with the depth and B concentrations. The results suggest that isotopically distinct B and Sr were derived from external sources. However, since the percentages of illite are shown to increase with depth among clay minerals in the study area, i.e., illite is due to precipitation rather than leaching during deeper burial, it is unlikely for illite to have contributed a significant amount of B to the waters. Thus, B with low δ^11B values is interpreted to have been added mainly from thermal degradation of kerogen or the basalts in the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician.  相似文献   

应用巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应检测鱼类病毒性出血性败血症病毒(VHSV)          下载免费PDF全文

倪穗  余晓巍  王建平  雷爱莹  曾地刚  吴雄飞 《海洋与湖沼》2009,40(4):489-493

参照鱼类病毒性出血性败血症病毒序列,根据PCR引物设计的原则,设计巢式PCR引物,采用巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法,对如何快速检测鱼类病毒性出血性败血症病的方法进行了较为系统的研究,并对RT-PCR的反应条件进行了优化.结果表明,巢式RT-PCR扩增获得279bp的特异性片断,阴性对照无扩增条带.巢式RT-PCR扩增出的特异性片段经测序分析,结果证实与报道的序列完全一致.该方法最低可检测出0.1pg的鱼类病毒性出血性败血症病毒RNA.初步建立了VHSV的巢式RT-PCR检测方法,该方法灵敏、特异,可为VHSV的检测提供一个快速、有效的手段.  相似文献   

A variationally consistent hyperstatic reaction method for tunnel lining design     

Hoang-Giang Bui  Jelena Nini&#x;  Ngoc-Anh Do  Daniel Dias  Günther Meschke 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2022,46(1):205-217

In this technical note, a consistent finite element formulation of the Hyperstatic Reaction Method (HRM) for tunnel linings design is proposed by introducing a variational consistently linearized formulation. It permits to consider a nonlinear interaction between a lining structure and the surrounding ground. Recent advances of the HRM in regard to the consideration of the nonlinear response of the segmented tunnel lining exposed to design loads use an iterative algorithm for solving the nonlinear system of equations. In the proposed Variationally consistent Hyperstatic Reaction Method (VHRM), a distributed nonlinear spring model representing the interaction between the lining and the ground soils is considered in a variationally consistent format. Computing the tangential spring stiffness via consistent linearization, and using Newton-Raphson iteration, requires significantly smaller number of iterations as compared to the original HRM model based on nodal springs. Furthermore, the method is applicable for simulations using solid finite elements (2D and 3D), as well as beam or finite shell elements, respectively.  相似文献   

近平衡状态海水中方解石和文石沉淀速率及动力学研究          下载免费PDF全文

陶小晚  蒲晓强 《海洋科学》2011,35(2):64-71

利用"freedrift"开放反应系统,研究人工海水中近沉淀平衡状态时二氧化碳分压(p(CO2))的变化对方解石、文石沉淀速率及其动力学方程的影响.反应在恒定的温度(25.0℃±0.2℃)、p(CO2)环境下进行,通过实验得到了不同p(CO2)环境下,方解石和丈石的沉淀速率及动力学方程.研究发现:(1)晶体类型和碳酸盐...  相似文献   

氧气反应模式-电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定土壤中的镉     

赵志飞  任小荣  李策  郭朝  宋娟娥  龚华 《岩矿测试》2021,(1):95-102

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析土壤中的镉元素时,锆的氢氧化物、钼的氧化物、锡的同位素会对镉造成严重的干扰,导致准确测定土壤中镉的难度较大.本文采用电感耦合等离子体串接质谱法(ICP-MS/MS),选取无同质异位素干扰的111 Cd为分析谱线,在MS/MS模式下碰撞反应池中通入的氧气可以与94Zr16O1...  相似文献   

Experimental Study in Reaction Thrust Characteristics of Water Jet for Conical Nozzle     

黄国勤  李晓辉  朱玉泉  聂松林 《海洋工程》2009,(4):669-678

Water jet thruster, which is a marine system that creates a jet of water for propulsion, has several advantages such as low noise, good anti-cavitation characteristics and maneuvering characteristics. The reaction thrust characteristics of water jet for conical nozzles directly determine the speed of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV). Theoretical, numerical and experimental studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of the nozzle geometries as well as inlet conditions on the reaction thrust of water jet in this paper. The results show that: 1) the reaction thrust is proportional to inlet pressure, the square of flow rate and 2/3 power exponent of input power; 2) the diameter of cylinder column for conical nozzle has great influence on the reaction thrust characteristics; 3) the best values of the half cone angle and the cylinder column length exist to make the reaction thrust coefficient to reach maximum under the same inlet conditions．Those provide a basis for nozzles design and jave significant value, especially for developing high performance and efficiency water jet propulsion unit.  相似文献