Numerical Simulation of phytoplankton productivity in partially mixed estuaries     

David H. Peterson  John F. Festa 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,19(5):563-589

A two-dimensional steady-state model of light-driven phytoplankton productivity and biomass in partially mixed estuaries has been developed. Effects of variations in river flow, suspended sediment concentration, phytoplankton sinking, self-shading and growth rates on distributions of phytoplankton biomass and productivity are investigated.Numerical simulation experiments show that biomass and productivity are particularly sensitive to variations in suspended sediment concentrations typical of natural river sources and to variations in loss rates assumed to be realistic but poorly known for real systems. Changes in the loss rate term within the range of empirical error (such as from dark bottle incubation experiments) cause phytoplankton biomass to change by a factor of two. In estuaries with adequate light penetration in the water column, it could be an advantage for phytoplankton to sink. Species that sink increase their concentration and form a phytoplankton maximum in a way similar to the formation of the estuarine turbidity maximum. When attenuation is severe, however, sinking species have more difficulty in maintaining their population.  相似文献   

Radial distribution of the integrated light and photometric colours in open star clusters     

Ram Sagar  Harish C. Bhatt 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1989,10(2):173-182

Mass segregation in the form of preferential concentration of more massive stars in the central regions of a number of open star clusters has been known for some time. In this paper, integratedUBV colours in concentric zones have been estimated for 12 nearby open clusters using the observations of individual cluster members. It is found that the clusters showing pronounced mass segregation also show significant radial variations in the integrated colours. However, the effects of stochastic fluctuations around the massive portion of the mass distribution function on the integrated colours should be taken into consideration, if they are present.  相似文献   

Light climate as the key factor controlling the spring dynamics of phytoplankton in Lake Zürich     

Willi Bleiker  Ferdinand Schanz 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1997,59(2):135-157

During the spring seasons of 1983, 1986 and 1987 the development of phytoplankton in Lake Zürich was investigated (from February to May) using samples taken at short term intervals. The aim was to describe the effects of the short term dynamics of environmental factors on the algal growth. The results could then be used to discuss the existing theories to assess the start of phytoplankton growth pulses in spring. Only 7 to 10 days without wind driven vertical mixing were required in spring to start the first growth pulse, despite of a still very unstable water column (sometimes inverse thermal stratification). Mainly flagellates andStephanodiscus hantzschii increased their biomass and achieved net growth rates of 0.1 and up to 0.65 d⁻¹ respectively. During such a phase the mixing depth was always smaller than the euphotic depth. Later on, at the start of the spring bloom (=last growth pulse in spring before the clear water stage), the intensity of vertical mixing as well as the mixing depth were markedly reduced due to an increase in heat input and low wind. Then flagellates dominated (contribution up to 75.5% of the areal biomass reaching 60 g fresh weight m⁻²) and the growth rate rose to a maximum of 0.65 d⁻¹. Standard models of critical depth considers that there is only a biomass increase if the mixing depth is smaller than the depth of a water layer positive balanced between production and respiration. This model for determining the beginning of a phytoplankton growth pulse in spring takes no account of the favorable light conditions for phytoplankton cells at calm and sunny days in February and March. The newly developed threshold value model takes these situations into account: It assumes that the phytoplankton biomass increases when the calculated effective light climate is equal or greater than a previously fixed threshold. The calculations are based on the mean light intensity within the mixed layer at windy days or within the euphotic depth (z _eu) at calm days. In Lake Zürich a minimum of 0.2 10⁶ J m⁻²d⁻¹ (=0.9 mol quanta m⁻²d⁻¹) has to be reached or surpassed in at least 3 days before an exponential increase of algal biomass can occur. The value does not depend on short term fluctuations in neither radiation nor mixing depth. It seems that this value is rather low comparing with those of investigations in other water bodies (up to 0.8 10⁶ J m⁻² d⁻¹) but high related to values from algal cultures (0.02 10⁶ J m⁻²d⁻¹). As the weather can only be forecasted a few days ahead with any certainty the period for a more or less accurate prediction of an algal bloom is restricted to about 1 to 5 days.  相似文献   

THE THEORY AND APPLICATION OF THE STRUCTURE LIGHT ENGINEERING SURVEYING BASED ON A LASER THEODOLITE WITH THREE FREEDOMS OF ROTATION     

FENG Wenhao LI Xin 《地球空间信息科学学报》2001,4(1):28-36

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｏｕｒｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ ,ｔｈｅｓｕｒｖｅｙｉｎｇｗｏｒｋｏｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｏｂｊｅｃｔｓｈａｖｅ ｇｒａｄｕａｌｌｙｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ .Ｔｈｏｓｅｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｏｂｊｅｃｔｓｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｒａｉｌｗａｙａｎｄｈｉｇｈｗａｙｔｕｎｎｅｌｓ,ｖａｒｉ ｏｕｓｏｉｌａｎｄｇａｓｃａｎｓ ,ｖａｒｉｏｕｓａｉｒｃｒａｆｔ,ｓｈｅｌｌｏｆｃａｒｓ,ｌａｒｇｅｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙａｎｔｅｎｎａｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｓｃｏｕｔｉｎｇｓｔｅａｌｔｈｐｌａｎｅ ,ｓｈｉｐ ,ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌｓｔ…  相似文献   

土钉墙与轻型井点联合基坑支护降水技术应用     

贺为民  易克广等 《中国煤田地质》2001,13(4):43-44

结合一个具体工程应用实例，介绍了土钉墙与轻型井点联合基坑支护降水技术的设计方法，并初步总结了该技术的主要特点和应用注意事项。  相似文献   

受冲击石英砂岩碎屑分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李大红  熊大和 《矿物学报》1996,16(4):389-393,T001

利用二级轻气炮将６ｍｍ直径的钢球加速到５～７ｋｍ／ｓ后撞击石英砂岩靶，利用磁性分选，扫描电镜和Ｘ射线衍射等方法对嵌靶受击后形成碎屑进行了矿物分类和鉴别，碎屑主要由石英，高硅玻璃，微量柯石英以及铁碎屑，微细钢球等组成，７０％的碎屑分布在０．０９７～０．９０ｍｍ范围内，无一弱磁性碎屑约占总重量的９２％，其它为强磁性碎屑。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地北部某井现场轻烃分析识别油气异常及属性     

何维 《新疆地质》1996,(4)

在钻井油气勘探中，识别油气异常及其属性判别是油气层评价的一项重要工作。为了进行钻井地层中油异常的识别及属性判别，需要一定的手段和方法。通过塔里木盆地北部某井钻井现场轻烃录井工作，应用轻烃分析资料识别该井的油气异常；根据＂轻烃特征成分＂、＂烃组分湿度值＂及＂轻烃流体性质特征＂等判别方法，对油气异常的属性进行判别，其结果与实际钻井地质资料相符。据钻井地质资料与轻烃分析资料综合解释结果表明，在该井所所处地区获得油气突破的关键是寻找该井所属构造的高点。  相似文献   

Mineral provinces and material provenance of the surficial sediments near the Zhongsha Islands in the South China Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YAN Quanshu  SHI Xuef  WANG Kunshan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2007,26(1):66-76

1 IntroductionThe South China Sea is one of the northwesternPacific marginal basins, which is located atthe junc-tion region among Euro-Asia plate, Pacific plate andIndia plate. Owing to its unique geological charac-teristics, the South China Sea has beco…  相似文献   

Role of the midnight sun: comparative growth of pelagic juvenile cod (Gadus morhua) from the Arcto-Norwegian and a Nova Scotian stock     

Suthers  Iain M.; Sundby  Svein 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1996,53(5):827-836

  相似文献   

Distribution patterns of larval and juvenile fishes at offshore petroleum platforms in the north-central Gulf of Mexico     

David C. Lindquist  Richard F. Shaw  Frank J. Hernandez  Jr. 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,62(4):655-665

Vertical and horizontal distribution patterns of larval and juvenile fishes were described from five offshore petroleum platforms in the north-central Gulf of Mexico. Light traps and passively-fished plankton nets were used nocturnally between 1995–2000 to collect fishes in surface and deep (15–23 m depth) waters within the platform structure, and light traps were also used in surface waters directly down-current of the platforms. Light traps fished at the surface, as opposed to at-depth, collected greater CPUEs and greater diversity of larval and juvenile fishes. Of the dominant taxa collected by light traps, clupeids, engraulids, synodontids, and presettlement blenniids were most common in surface waters within the platform, while postflexion scombrids and settlement-size blenniids and pomacentrids were most common in surface waters down-current of the platforms. Deep plankton nets collected greater densities of non-clupeiform larval fishes, although surface plankton nets collected greater numbers of taxa. The vertical distribution patterns described for dominant larval fish collected by plankton nets were generally consistent with those from other studies, i.e. clupeid, carangid, sciaenid and scombrid larvae more abundant in surface waters at platforms, and synodontid, bregmacerotid, gobiid and bothid larvae more abundant in deeper waters. Oil and gas platforms likely impact larval and juvenile fish populations, particularly considering their proliferation in the Gulf (i.e., over 4000 platforms). The results from this study provide valuable baseline information for future research investigating how platforms impact the life history stages of fish populations.  相似文献