Mountain Commons： Changing Space and Status at Community Levels in the Himalayas   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Narpat S. JODHA 《山地科学学报》2007,4(2):124-135

This paper deals with the imperatives of nature-society interaction in the Himalayas as seen through CPR (Common Property Resources). It specifically looks at the process and factors that characterize the dynamics of the above interactions, with particular reference to the changing status and governance of CPRs at community levels. The paper puts together the synthesis of observations and inferences of different studies by ICIMOD and others in mountain regions, particularly in different parts of Nepal, India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China and Pakistan. Rural CPRs (providing sustenance supplies and services) as an important component of a community’s natural resource base, manifest the institutional arrangements evolved by the communities to facilitate their adaptations to nature. The above process can be more clearly illustrated with reference to specific characteristics of mountain areas, called mountain specificities. However, over time, the situation of CPRs in terms of their extent and status, governance and management as well as contributions to community sustenance, has changed. The paper attempts toindicate potential lead lines for searching options for rehabilitation of CPRs, based on a closer under- standing of the factors contributing to their decline.  相似文献   

海洋潮汐模型在浅海区域的应用     

虞南华 《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》2006,(1):17-25

海洋潮汐和大气、海洋、海冰之间存在复杂的相互作用,它对地球气候有复杂而深远的影响。海潮对流经大陆沿岸或大陆架的洋流有很强烈的作用。潮汐流产生混合湍动;潮汐耗散和内潮波效应对海洋环流的传输和循环也有一定的影响。1995年前后,使用TOPEX／POSEIDON测高卫星资料。建立了十多个海潮模型。研究表明,1994-1996年期间发展起来的正压波海潮模型在深海的精度为2—3cm,空间分辨率为50km量级,在浅海区域的精度显著下降。近年来运用更加成熟精细的流体动力学理论模型,在数据同化技术中使用时间跨度更长的测高资料,已经建立了一些改进的海潮模型。该文使用验潮站潮汐常数、测高资料以及交叉点资料,评估了6个海潮模型在浅海区域(包括中国海海域)的表现,以应用于今后对海平面的研究。初步分析表明,浅海区域的海平面高度的误差仍然相当显著。要发展海洋潮汐模型需要进一步减小潮汐混淆效应,提高长周期潮汐的精度,尤其在浅海区域。模型的改进必将增进对潮汐现象的认识,促进学科间进行相互融合和相互渗透的研究(例如潮汐摩擦引起的月球自转的长期缓慢减速、地球内部结构的物理学研究等)。  相似文献   

矿产资源展望与西部大开发   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

陈毓川 《地球科学与环境学报》2006,28(1):1-4

对世界上以及中国的矿产资源现状进行了研究,并且从国内外矿产资源形势和世界各国社会经济发展对矿产资源需求趋势方面展望了未来。认为要保证全球经济发展的需要就要公平、合理、科学地配置全球矿产资源;就要切实部署与实施可再生能源、可接替能源、新型矿产资源及替代矿产资源的寻找与开发;就要将新的科学技术应用于矿产资源勘查、开发、利用领域。中国西部地区矿产调查勘查程度很低,但成矿条件很好,有很大的找矿余地。因此,在实施西部大开发战略中,应把西部地区建成中国能源、矿产资源的主要接替区。  相似文献   

GMRT and VLA observations at 49 cm and 20 cm of the HII region near <Emphasis Type="Italic">l</Emphasis> = 24.8°, <Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis> = 0.1°     

N. G. Kantharia  W. M. Goss  D. Anish Roshi  Niruj R. Mohan  Francois Viallefond 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2007,28(1):41-53

We report multi-frequency radio continuum and hydrogen radio recombination line observations of HII regions near l = 24.8°, b = 0.1° using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at 1.28 GHz (n = 172), 0.61 GHz (n = 220) and the Very Large Array (VLA) at 1.42 GHz (n = 166). The region consists of a large number of resolved HII regions and a few compact HII regions as seen in our continuum maps, many of which have associated infrared (IR) point sources. The largest HII region at l = 24.83° and b = 0.1° is a few arcmins in size and has a shell-type morphology. It is a massive HII region enclosing ∼550 M_⊙ with a linear size of 7 pc and an rms electron density of ∼110 cm⁻³ at a kinematic distance of 6 kpc. The required ionization can be provided by a single star of spectral type O5.5. We also report detection of hydrogen recombination lines from the HII region at l = 24.83° and b = 0.1° at all observed frequencies near V _lsr = 100 km s⁻¹. We model the observed integrated line flux density as arising in the diffuse HII region and find that the best fitting model has an electron density comparable to that derived from the continuum. We also report detection of hydrogen recombination lines from two other HII regions in the field.  相似文献   

A possible formation mechanism of the asymmetry in the H2O maser emission line     

N. A. Silant’ev  E. E. Lekht  J. E. Mendosa-Torres  A. M. Tolmachev 《Astronomy Letters》2002,28(4):217-222

We present a possible formation mechanism of the asymmetry in the maser emission line of H₂O sources associated with star-forming regions. Observations with the RT-22 radio telescope at the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory are used. We analyze the line profiles of emission features in the sources G43.8-0.1, NGC 2071, and ON1. If the line is asymmetric, the left (low-velocity) wing is higher than the right wing. The proposed mechanism accounts for the observed asymmetry and makes it possible to estimate some physical parameters of the medium in the vicinity of a maser spot.  相似文献   

A Kinematical Study of the NGC 7538 IRS 1 Region     

Ye  Xu  Xing-Wu  Zheng 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2003,3(2):133-141

We present high angular resolution images of both NH3(1,1)and (2,2) lines toward NGC 7538 IRS 1.The density and velocity-position plots have been used to study the interaction among the outflows,winds and their environment.For the first time we have found an expanding half-shell of molecular gas around the HⅡ region associated with IRS 1,which may be produced by the interaction of the bipolar outflows and the winds originating in IRS 1-3,and optical HⅡ region NGC 7538 with ambient molecular gas.  相似文献   

The role of local heat sources in synoptic activity within the polar basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ellsworth F. LeDrew 《大气与海洋》2013,51(3):309-327

Abstract

A quasi‐geostrophic model of the atmosphere is used to determine the significance of the surface enthalpy flux in synoptic activity within the Polar Basin. Of primary interest is whether the enthalpy flux from open water in the seasonal sea‐ice zone is the predominant contributing mechanism or whether the advective fields of vorticity and thickness are controlling factors. This is of importance in discussions of the feedback processes between the atmosphere, cryosphere and ocean.

For a case selected in the Laptev Sea near the end of the fall period of ice growth, the surface enthalpy flux is as significant a contribution to synoptic activity as the vorticity advection is. The enthalpy flux is a relatively insignificant factor at this time in the Beaufort Sea, however, because of the smaller area of open water and the lower wind speeds associated with the weaker synoptic systems in this region. It is also relatively insignificant at both locations at the beginning of the fall freeze‐up interval and in June, during the melt period.  相似文献   

2009年夏季西太平洋副热带高压北抬原因初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

康志明  桂海林  王小光 《气象》2013,39(1):46-56

利用数值模式再分析数据和常规观测资料,分析研究2009年6-8月西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称副高)连续5次北抬至偏北位置,且异常稳定维持,造成江淮流域干旱少雨(空梅)之缘由.通过合成、相关等分析方法探讨西风带、副热带、热带主要大气环流系统之间的相互影响和作用,并利用全型涡度方程探讨副高北抬和强度维持的主要机制.结果表明:(1)西风带波动的传播与副高变化关系密切,西太平洋副高的北抬过程起始于中段副高(140°～160°E)强度加强;(2)副高北抬之前孟加拉湾东部有明显的对流活动,对于副高的北抬和加强有一定的指示意义,而副高南侧的对流活动与副高北抬之间是一种伴随关系;(3)涡度场变化分析可知,副高北抬的关键因素是中高纬度槽脊变化引起的东亚沿海负涡度的增加.  相似文献   

基于气候带的地面观测站点布局分析     

段旭  王曼  段玮  杨家康 《气象科学》2013,33(6):643-647

利用1961—2010年云南124站年平均资料,在考虑了气象要素垂直递减（增）率的条件下,将站点数据插值到1 km×1 km的细网格点上。在此基础上,从不同气候带的角度讨论了地面气象观测站点的布局问题,给出了一些有价值的论据。通过分析发现,金沙江流域、怒江大峡谷狭长区域、哀牢山纵向岭谷地貌区域（包括元江、无量山一带）为气象要素最不敏感区域,其主要原因是气候带的南北向分布和东西向剧烈变率。这些区域新增地面观测站点,对认识局地立体小气候、下垫面热力差异、强对流天气系统等有科学价值。  相似文献   

季节性冻土地区客专路基现场试验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

侯晋芳  冯军  闫伟  李亚静 《冰川冻土》2011,33(4):851-854

鉴于哈尔滨-大连（哈大）客专路基设计工后沉降不大于15mm的要求,开展了路基现场试验．对路基中的温度、沉降变形及冻胀力的变化情况进行观测．结论表啊：线路所处地区,10月下旬开始冻结,来年2月后地表附近地温过程线开始上抬;冻结层直到4月中旬才全部处于正温,最大冻深约为1．66m,应做好防治措施．经过观测,路基在经历冻融循...  相似文献