The Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Water and Heat Exchanges over the Alpine Wetland in the East of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau     

Jinlei CHEN  Yuan YUAN  Xianyu YANG  Zuoliang WANG  Shichang KANG  Jun WEN 《大气科学进展》2023,40(2):201-210

Alpine wetland is one of the typical underlying surfaces on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. It plays a crucial role in runoff regulation. Investigations on the mechanisms of water and heat exchanges are necessary to understand the land surface processes over the alpine wetland. This study explores the characteristics of hydro-meteorological factors with in situ observations and uses the Community Land Model 5 to identify the main factors controlling water and heat exchanges.Latent heat flux and therm...  相似文献   

面向对象方法的时间序列MODIS数据湿地信息提取——以洞庭湖流域为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张猛  曾永年  朱永森 《遥感学报》2017,21(3):479-492

以洞庭湖流域为研究区,对大范围湿地信息遥感提取方法进行了研究。先基于时间序列MODIS EVI及物候特征参数,通过J-M(Jeffries-Matusita distance)距离分析,构建了MODIS(250 m)最佳时序组合分类数据;其次,通过Johnson指数确定了最佳分割尺度,采用面向对象的遥感分类方法(Random tree分类器)提取了洞庭湖流域的湿地信息,并验证该方法的适用性。研究结果表明,基于时序数据与面向对象的Random tree分类的总体精度和Kappa系数分别为78.84%和0.71,较之基于像元的相同算法的总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别提高了5.79%和0.04。同时,基于面向对象方法的湿地整体的用户精度与生产者精度较基于像元方法分别提高了4.56%和6.21%,可有效提高大区域湿地信息提取的精度。  相似文献   

基于HJ-1A高光谱影像的湿地精细分类     

张雅春  那晓东  臧淑英 《地理科学进展》2018,37(12):1705-1712

混合像元的存在不仅影响了基于高光谱影像的地物识别和分类精度,而且已成为遥感科学向定量化发展的主要障碍。本文以扎龙湿地为试验区,以环境一号卫星采集的高光谱影像为数据源,分别采用传统的全约束最小二乘光谱解混算法(fully constrained least squares spectral unmixing algorithm, FCLS)与基于稀疏约束最小二乘光谱解混算法(sparse constrained least squares spectral unmixing algorithm, SUFCLS)实现了试验区湿地的精细分类,并对两种分类结果的表现及其分类精度进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：SUFCLS算法能够自适应的从光谱库中选择场景中所占比例最高的一组端元,并将此端元的组合应用于传统的全约束最小二乘光谱解混中实现不同湿地类型丰度的提取,该算法充分考虑了端元的空间异质性,弥补了FCLS算法在端元选取过程中的不足。精度验证结果表明与FCLS算法相比,SUFCLS算法分类结果的均方根误差更小,丰度的相关系数更高,因此该方法对于提高湿地解混精度以及实现湿地精细化分类具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Use a Spatial Analysis Model to Assess Habitat Quality in Lashihai Watershed     

LI Haiping  QI Yanan  QU Yunying 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(6):622-631

Habitat quality assessments are of great significance for protecting biodiversity. This study analyzes the changing habitat quality of Lashihai watershed based on SPOT satellite images. We extracted the land use data for Lashihai watershed in Yunnan province for the years 2000 and 2015, and then used an InVEST model to evaluate habitat degradation, habitat quality and habitat scarcity in the study area from 2000 to 2015. Spatial statistical methods were used to determine changes to spatial dynamics. Results indicate that the number of areas with habitat degradation was generally small, and that both the number of areas with habitat degradation and the degree of degradation had fallen noticeably during the fifteen-year study period. In general, the quality of habitats was maintained or improved, while the quality of habitats decreased in only a few areas. The scarcity of habitats for cultivated land had increased, the tension between people and land use was relatively prominent. The reason habitat quality in Lashihai watershed has improved can be attributed to three factors: 1) The policy of returning farmland to forests since 2000 has been well implemented and has achieved remarkable results. Loss of forests from logging and deforestation has basically been eliminated, and great progress has been made restoring the ecological environment. 2) High background value of quality habitat suitability benefits from the research area’s high vegetation coverage. 3) The development of the local tourism economy has transformed the area’s ecological advantages into an economic bonus, greatly increasing the income level and living standards of residents. At the same time, the ecological resource bonus has increased the enthusiasm of residents for ecological protection and has helped to promote the protection of local eco-systems, both reducing ecological degradation and improving habitat quality. At the same time, increasing conflicts between land and people should be addressed. Support is needed to promote development of the ecological economy while continuously reducing ecological degradation and further increasing residents’ income. There must be less reliance on industry and less pressure on both land and people, all the while ensuring that the local economy and ecology can more forward together in a sustainable way.  相似文献   

近30年来江苏省滨海湿地变化过程及其受围垦活动的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张濛  濮励杰 《湿地科学与管理》2017,(3):56-60

基于1985—2015年Landsat TM遥感影响数据,提取江苏省典型岸段滨海湿地信息,对滨海湿地类型、面积的变化过程进行研究,并分析了围垦活动对这一过程的影响。结果表明:围垦在近20年达到高峰期,连云港、盐城和南通岸段的滨海湿地在近30年间分别减少了53.15%、71.60%和71.40%。连云港岸段原生植被型湿地逐渐减少,茅草、芦苇湿地在2000年后完全消失;盐城岸段原生植被型湿地在1985—1995年间持续增加,且各植被类型比率趋于均衡,而在1995年后则转变为米草湿地占绝对优势;南通岸段湿地总面积在2000年后迅速下降,高比例的米草湿地是该岸段滨海湿地的主要特征,但到2015年几乎退化成纯光滩湿地。连云港岸段以海域围垦为主要特征,2005—2010年达到围垦高峰;盐城岸段则在1995—2000年的围垦高峰后,原生植被型湿地的围垦比率锐减,米草湿地的围垦比率增至90.51%;南通岸段以米草湿地围垦为主要特征,围垦强度在1985—2010年持续增加,2005年后米草湿地的围垦强度减小,海域围垦比例逐渐升高。  相似文献   

南四湖湖泊湿地生态环境预警研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

高家骥  李雪铭  张峰  杨俊  席建超 《地理科学》2016,36(8):1219-1226

基于南四湖近30 a来多源遥感影像、土地利用、环境监测和实地调查数据,选择1982年、1992年、2002年和2012年4个时间断面,从湿地组织结构、整体功能和社会经济3个方面选取指标,从无警、轻警、中警、重警和巨警5个级别划分警度,采用多级模糊综合评价法进行警度评价,并运用BP神经网络模型对未来10 a警度发展进行预测,研究结果表明：① 南四湖湿地生态环境现在处于重警状态,农业化肥、农药污染和工业污染物排放是主要的警报来源;② 近30 a来南四湖湿地整体生态环境处于不断恶化趋势,社会经济指标恶化趋势明显,未来10 a各项指标和整体预警度均呈下降趋势,整体水平达到中警状态,社会经济投入的增加是重要影响因子;③ 近10 a环境恶化速度比前20 a有所减缓,社会经济指标恶化速度较快,人类活动的负向干扰仍大于正向干扰。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Bioavailability of Metals in Sediment from the Southern Coastal Wetland of the Qiantang Estuary by Using Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique     

FENG Weihua  WANG Zhifu  ZHU Wenzhuo  ZHENG Fangqin  ZHANG Dongrong  XU Hengtao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(2):375-387

Metal pollution has become an major issue governing the wetland ecosystem health.The southern coastal wetland of the Qiangtang Estuary are facing unusual perturbation due to rapid development along the embayment in recent decades.This study evaluated the bioavailability of metals(Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr and Zn)in the sediment of the southern coastal wetland of the Qiangtang Es-tuary using diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT)techniques and compared with several methods based on total metal content.The results showed that the contents of Cr,Pb,Cd and Cu in sediment,as detected using DGT,were considerably correlated with the exchangeable fraction and the content in Phragmites australis roots,while a weak correlation was observed for Zn.Therefore,DGT analysis could be used to evaluate the bioavailability and potential risk of Cr,Cd,Pb and Cu for P.australis.Quantitative indices,such as DGT concentration,bioaccumulation in P.australis,geoaccumulation index(Igeo)and potential ecological risk index(RI),revealed that Cd was a major potential ecological risk factor along the southern coast wetland of the Qiantang Estuary,especially in the upstream region,which is potentially more vulnerable to the anthropogenic pollution.  相似文献   

山西湿地资源及可持续利用研究   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

张峰  上官铁梁 《地理研究》1999,18(4):420-427

山西湿地主要地各河流流域、湖泊和水库及周围地区,主要由河口（内陆）湿地、充湿地１湖泊湿地、水库湿地和沼泽及草甸湿地等组成总面积经久２１４６ｋｍ＾２。山西湿地有着丰富的自然资源,包括：（１）生物资源有植物１２０９种,其中野大豆为国家３级保护植物;资源植物７类,其中饲草植物蕴藏量最大;植被资源有７０个群系,以 一植物群落占绝对优势;动物４５５种,其中国家１．２缘保护动物１７种,鱼类资源７０种。（２）土  相似文献   

基于植物昼夜释氧变化规律的复合垂直流人工湿地氮形态   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈梦银  朱伟  董婵 《湖泊科学》2013,25(3):392-397

为了研究植物根系释氧规律对人工湿地中硝化与反硝化作用的影响,采用传统连续运行方式及根据释氧规律调节的新型运行方式(白天连续进水、夜间停水),在复合垂直流人工湿地小试系统中进行实验,采用代表性的挺水植物香蒲作为湿地植物,水力负荷为0.71 m3/(m2.d).结果表明:系统内白天以好氧的硝化作用为主,夜间以厌氧、缺氧的反硝化作用为主,且在新型运行方式下,系统内白天亚硝酸盐氮累积量为传统运行方式的5倍,硝酸盐氮累积量为其2倍,夜间亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮减少量又分别比传统运行方式高64%和26%.这说明在新型运行方式下,人工湿地脱氮效果优于传统运行方式.  相似文献   

东营凹陷古近系古湖盆演化与水化学场响应   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  

陈中红  查明  刘太勋 《湖泊科学》2008,20(6):705-714

采用人工配制污水为实验用水进行室内水培实验,研究10种人工湿地中常见水生植物对氨氮和总磷的同化吸收能力,筛选出净化效果好的植物,构建植物组合,以单一植物为对照,研究植物组合对于提高氨氮、总磷净化效果的作用．结果表明：不同植物对氨氮、总磷的去除能力差别较大千屈菜（Lythrum salicaria）、菖蒲（Acorus calamus）、美人蕉（Cannindica）、达香蒲（Typha davidiana）对氨氮净化效果较好,初始浓度2969mg／L、15d后,去除率966％、98．6％、877％、95．1％美人蕉、凤眼莲（Eichhornia crssipes）、干屈菜、石菖蒲（Acorus tartarinowii）对TP净化效果较好,初始浓度4．44mg／L、15d后,去除率99．0％、546％、69．9％、36．7％千屈菜与石菖蒲的组合能同时提高氨氮与总磷的净化效果;美人蕉与干屈菜的组合、菖蒲与美人蕉的组合、菖蒲与千屈菜的组合、美人蕉与石菖蒲的组合能提高总磷的净化效果组合实验结果表明,适当的水生植物组合能提高氨氮与总磷的净化效果。  相似文献