中国环境化学研究进展     

高国伟  陈锦凤 《云南地理环境研究》2005,17(5):92-96

通过对近年来中国环境化学学科中的环境分析化学、土壤环境化学、水环境化学、大气环境化学和污染生态化学5个大方面研究现状的详细介绍和评述,分析了中国环境化学基础性研究的进展,归纳总结了中国环境化学中已取得的成果及相关的应用,同时通过对目前一些国际上较热门研究内容及研究方向的讨论,指出了中国环境化学学科发展中存在的问题和不足,并对部分相关前沿领域的研究提出了建议。  相似文献   

彝族撒尼人原始宗教中的生态伦理观--以石林圭山海宜老寨为例     

舒玉梅 《云南地理环境研究》2005,17(Z1):67-69

人类的生存和发展离不开自然生态环境。当今,由于人为的原因,生态危机已成为全球性的环境问题。环境保护迫在眉睫。而一些原住民族却拥有一套颇为有效的环境保护知识体系。作为传统生态伦理主要载体的神山森林,在石林圭山海宜老寨的环境保护中起着重要作用。从生态人类学的视角出发,初步探讨了彝族撒尼人原始宗教中的生态伦理观,展现了撒尼人原始宗教中所包含的丰富的环境价值观念,揭示了撒尼人生态环境保护的奥秘。  相似文献   

生态足迹模型在山区生态可持续评价中的初步应用--以1999年北京西部山区为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李红  张凤荣  孙丹峰  周连第 《山地学报》2005,23(5):636-640

在剖析生态足迹分析法的理论基础上，进一步考虑不同消费水平对生态足迹时空变异的影响，划分农村居民和城镇居民两类不同的消费群体，分别计算各自的生态足迹，其次进一步细化模型中人均水资源足迹，从而构建生态足迹与生态容量平衡模型。根据平衡模型计算出生态盈亏，得出区域生态持续性评价结果。并以1999年北京西部山区门头沟区为例，进行模型计算和生态可持续评价，结果表明1999年门头沟区处于生态赤字状态，说明该区生态系统处于不可持续状态。在对门头沟区的初步研究基础上，指出生态足迹作为山区生态可持续评价指标的优点及当前存在的缺点。  相似文献   

Slope stability analysis using evolutionary optimization techniques          下载免费PDF全文

A.H. Gandomi  A.R. Kashani  M. Mousavi  M. Jalalvandi 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(2):251-264

Slope stability optimization, in the presence of a band of a weak layer between two strong layers, is accounted for in complicated geotechnical problems. Classical optimization algorithms are not suitable for solving such problems as they need a proper preliminary solution to converge to a valid result. Therefore, it is necessary to find a proper algorithm which is capable of finding the best global solution. Recently a lot of metaheuristic algorithms have been proposed which are able to evade local minima effectively. In this study four evolutionary algorithms, including well‐known and recent ones, such as genetic algorithm, differential evolution, evolutionary strategy and biogeography‐based optimization (BBO), are applied in slope stability analysis and their efficiencies are explored by three benchmark case studies. Result show BBO is the most efficient among these evolutionary algorithms and other proposed algorithms applied to this problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

齐齐哈尔市地理国情分析与表达     

刘艳芳  方佳琳  焦利民  彭金金 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(3):5-8

以齐齐哈尔市为例,利用地理国情普查数据与统计年鉴数据,构建自然地表指数、地理区位指数、生态覆被指数,对齐齐哈尔市各县、区的地理国情进行综合分析和地图表达。结果表明,齐齐哈尔市的总体条件较好,但区域差异较大,自然地表条件与地理区位条件均以中部的齐齐哈尔市辖区为优,而生态覆被条件则以北部和西部地区为优。  相似文献   

雅安芦山4.20震后县级单元生态系统风险评价     

米琳迪  樊敏  周英  王青 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(4):55-59

区域生态风险评价是对各种生态风险及环境问题进行评价和管理的重要手段。针对雅安地震灾区特殊的自然地理及生态环境特征,选取芦山县为研究对象,采用遥感、GIS及SPSS统计分析的方法,通过风险源、风险受体、暴露和易损性分析,建立生态风险综合评价模型,划分生态风险区类型,进而提出生态风险管理对策。结果表明:1)微度和低度生态风险区集中分布在高海拔的森林及草地生态系统,该区生物多样性丰富,抗干扰能力较强,地质灾害及人类活动影响较小;2)中度和高度生态风险区具有沿农田及建设用地生态系统集聚分布的特征,该区地质灾害频繁,地壳活动性较强,生态系统抵抗灾害的能力较差。研究结果可为地震灾区防御、规避风险及安全选址提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Re-conceptualizing the Anthropocene: A call for collaboration     

《Global Environmental Change》2016

Since it was first proposed in 2000, the concept of the Anthropocene has evolved in breadth and diversely. The concept encapsulates the new and unprecedented planetary-scale changes resulting from societal transformations and has brought to the fore the social drivers of global change. The concept has revealed tensions between generalized interpretations of humanity’s contribution to global change, and interpretations that are historically, politically and culturally situated. It motivates deep ethical questions about the politics and economics of global change, including diverse interpretations of past causes and future possibilities. As such, more than other concepts, the Anthropocene concept has brought front-and-center epistemological divides between and within the natural and social sciences, and the humanities. It has also brought new opportunities for collaboration. Here we explore the potential and challenges of the concept to encourage integrative understandings of global change and sustainability. Based on bibliometric analysis and literature review, we discuss the now wide acceptance of the term, its interpretive flexibility, the emerging narratives as well as the debates the concept has inspired. We argue that without truly collaborative and integrative research, many of the critical exchanges around the concept are likely to perpetuate fragmented research agendas and to reinforce disciplinary boundaries. This means appreciating the strengths and limitations of different knowledge domains, approaches and perspectives, with the concept of the Anthropocene serving as a bridge, which we encourage researchers and others to cross. This calls for institutional arrangements that facilitate collaborative research, training, and action, yet also depends on more robust and sustained funding for such activities. To illustrate, we briefly discuss three overarching global change problems where novel types of collaborative research could make a difference: (1) Emergent properties of socioecological systems; (2) Urbanization and resource nexus; and (3) Systemic risks and tipping points. Creative tensions around the Anthropocene concept can help the research community to move toward new conceptual syntheses and integrative action-oriented approaches that are needed to producing useful knowledge commensurable with the challenges of global change and sustainability.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖生态环境动态监测服务系统     

廖明  廖明伟 《测绘科学》2016,41(12):120-123,156

针对目前生态环境监测中多源多尺度数据获取、定量遥感模型半自动化条件制约海量数据的快速处理与分析以及静态的时空快照服务难以表达动态变化过程等问题,该文从基于传感网的数据多元化实时感知获取、基于数据仓库的生态信息主题化动态汇聚、基于多尺度WFS的智能化服务、基于动态数据驱动的仿真动态模拟知识化应用方面考虑,设计湖泊流域生态环境动态监测服务系统。以鄱阳湖为例进行验证,为鄱阳湖流域的生态监测以及江西省生态文明试验区建设提供服务。  相似文献   

基于GRNN模型的岩溶地区城市水生态足迹分析与预测   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杨振华  苏维词  赵卫权  谢砫军  李艳丽 《中国岩溶》2016,35(1):36-42

为揭示岩溶地区城市生态足迹的驱动因子与机制,评估和预测水资源可持续利用程度,根据岩溶地区水文地质特征及其与水生态足迹的相关性,分析了贵阳市2002-2014年水生态足迹的变化特征,并利用GRNN模型对其进行了时间序列预测。结果表明,贵阳市水生态足迹由2002年的12.79万hm2上升至2014年的15.74万hm2,整体呈波动上升趋势,其中,水量生态足迹变化特征主要由工业用水量决定,水质生态足迹变化特征主要由氨氮排放量决定。水生态承载力波动变化明显,且小于水生态足迹需水量,导致水资源可持续利用系数介于0.31~0.63之间。对贵阳市2015-2019年水生态足迹进行GRNN预测,表明水生态足迹呈现先升后降得趋势,水生态承载力变幅在4.315~8.038万hm2之间,但水生态足迹与承载力的缺口大,水资源可持续利用系数偏低。因此,在水生态承载力有限的贵阳市,降低水生态足迹才是实现水资源可持续利用的关键。  相似文献   

Study on the Temporal-Spatial Evolution of Prehistoric Settlements and Its Correlation with Subsistence Strategy and Climate History in the Western Liao River Area     

Wang Lin  Wu Hong  Jia Xin 《地球科学进展》2016,31(11):1159-1171

Western Liao River area is one of the most important birthplaces of agricultural civilization in northern China. With recent works like relics survey, site excavation and environmental archaeology going further, the time sequence, cultural content and subsistence strategy history of this area are getting explicit. Questions like ancient exploiting history of natural resources, climate background and cultural impact of subsistence strategy have been paid great attention. Traditional environmental archaeology methods like plant and animal remains analysis are mostly utilized to conduct in-site investigation, current studies rarely adopt quantitative methods to examine the sites’ macro temporal-spatial distribution and aggregation pattern. Based on abundant digitized relic survey data, GIS methods like kernel density analysis are utilized to indicate the temporal-spatial distribution and aggregation pattern of prehistoric cultures in Western Liao River area. The latitudinal, longitudinal and altitudinal migrations of site distributional core are indicated by 3D perspective shift and elevation statistics. By referencing existing studies on subsistence strategy and paleoclimate history, results of spatial analysis are used to reveal the correlation among sites’ temporal-spatial distribution, subsistence strategy adopted and climate variation. This also contributes to our understanding and utilization of massive locational information of prehistoric sites in ancient man-land relationship study.  相似文献