风沙治理工程综合效益分析——以敦煌黑山嘴风沙口为例北大核心CSCD     

潘加朋  张克存  安志山  张宏雪  薛承杰 《中国沙漠》2023,(2):233-242

通过对敦煌黑山嘴风沙工程治理区和未治理区近地表风动力环境与土壤理化性质对比分析,研究了风沙治理工程下黑山嘴的防风固沙与土壤改良的综合效益,为今后该区域近地表风沙动力过程的深入研究和风沙灾害综合治理提供了借鉴。结果表明:相较于未治理区,敦煌黑山嘴工程治理区的平均风速、起沙风频率均明显降低,输沙强度减小,年输沙势降低85%,大风天气减少;工程治理区土壤各养分及水盐含量也在一定深度明显增加,全氮、全磷、全钾含量在5 cm土层深度增长率分别达到了322.5%、49.3%、15.1%,全氮、易溶盐对其他组分影响增大,土壤肥力显著提升;两区域土壤电导率与易溶盐含量变化趋势相同,但工程治理区两者含量在土壤表层明显增加,应警惕发生地表盐渍化。  相似文献   

新田的脱贫新“硒”望     

伍振 《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2014,(11)

正2000年开始,国土资源部和湖南省国土资源厅开始对新田展开对口扶贫工作。为了帮助新田早日脱贫致富,国土资源部门发挥自身优势,踏遍了新田的山山水水,进行地质勘查,发现新田所辖的1022平方公里土地均含硒元素,其中占56.77%的土壤面积都是富硒土壤。  相似文献   

Soil and vegetation seasonal changes in the grazing Andean Mountain grasslands     

MU?OZ María ángeles  FAZ ángel 《山地科学学报》2014,11(5):1123-1137

Andean grasslands ecosystems are fragile environments with rigorous climatologic conditions and low and variable food for the grazing. The Apolobamba area is located in the Bolivian Andean Mountains. Its high grasslands provide a natural habitat for wild and domestic camelids such as vicuna（Vicugna vicugna） and alpaca（Lama pacos）. The botanical diversity plays an essential role in maintaining vital ecosystem functions. The objectives of this research were to determine the seasonal changes in soil properties, to study the vegetation changes during the wet and dry seasons and the influence of soil properties and camelid densities on the vegetation in the Apolobamba grasslands. Four zones with different vicuna populations were selected to be studied. The following soil parameters were determined： total organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations, pH and texture. The vegetation season changes were studied through botanical identification, above-ground biomass, plant cover and species richness. Results showed that some soil properties such as C/N ratio, CEC, silt and clay percentages kept stable against the seasonal changes. Generally, soil nutrients were relatively higher during the dry season in the surface and subsurface. The results did not point out the predominant vegetation growth during the wet season. The seasonal vegetation growth depended on each species. Thegood soil fertility corresponded to the highest plant cover. Soil fertility presented no influence on the above-ground biomass of the collected species. The negative influence of camelid grazing on soil properties could not be assessed. However, overgrazing could affect some plant species. Therefore, protection is needed in order to preserve the biodiversity in the Andean mountain grasslands.  相似文献   

Elevation,slope aspect and integrated nutrient management effects on crop productivity and soil quality in North-west Himalayas,India     

Birendra Nath Ghosh  Narinder Kumar Sharma  Nurnabi Meherul Alam  Raman Jeet Singh  Gopal Prasad Juyal 《山地科学学报》2014,11(5):1208-1217

On farm bio-resource recycling has been given greater emphasis with the introduction of conservation agriculture specifically withclimate change scenarios in the mid-hills of the north-west Himalaya region（NWHR）. Under this changing scenario, elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） may affect significantly soil quality and crop productivity. A study was conducted during 2009-2010 to 2010-2011 at the Ashti watershed of NWHR in a rainfed condition to examine the influence of elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） on soil resource and crop productivity. Two years of farm demonstration trials indicated that crop productivity and soil quality is significantly affected by elevation, slope aspect and INM. Results showed that wheat equivalent yield（WEY） of improved technology increased crop productivity by -20%-37% compared to the conventional system. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-17%. North aspect and higher elevation increased crop productivity by 15%-25% compared to south aspect and low elevation（except paddy）. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-15%. Irrespective of slope, elevation and cropping system, the WEY increased by -30% in this region due to INMtechnology. The influence of elevation, slope aspect and INM significantly affected soil resources（SQI） and soil carbon change（SCC）. SCC is significantly correlated with SQI for conventional（R2 = 0.65＊）, INM technology（R2 = 0.81＊） and for both technologies（R2 = 0.73＊）. It is recommended that at higher elevation.（except for paddy soils） with a north facing slope, INM is recommended for higher crop productivity; conservation of soil resources is recommended for the mid hills of NWHR; and single values of SCC are appropriate as a SQI for this region.  相似文献   

Higher species diversity occurs in more fertile habitats without fertilizer disturbance in an alpine natural grassland community     

Dong Wang  Gao-Lin Wu  Xiao-Feng Chang  Zhi-Hua Shi  Lei Sun  Xue-Hong Wei 《山地科学学报》2014,11(3):755-761

Are there some relationships among species diversity and soil chemical properties of high altitude natural grasslands？ Plant community composition and chemical properties of soil samples were compared to investigate the relationship between soil and species diversity, and the richness in Tibetan alpine grasslands. Results showed that species diversity was significantly positively related to soil organic matter （SOM）, total nitrogen （TN）, available nitrogen （AN）, total phosphorus （TP）, available phosphorus （AP）, and available potassium （AK） in the high alpine grasslands. Margalefs species richness index was also significantly positively related to SOM, TN, AN, and TP. Most soil chemical properties showed significantly positive correlation with species diversity and Margalef＇s richness index. Our results suggested that higher plant species richness index and diversity occurred in more fertile soil habitats in high altitude natural grassland community. In practice, fertilization management for the restoration of degraded grassland should be conducted with reference to the nutrient levels ofnatural grassland without the additional artificial fertilizer and with higher species-diversity and richness index.  相似文献   

Root structure,distribution and biomass in five multipurpose tree species of Western Himalayas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kartar Singh VERMA  Sandeep KOHLI  Rajesh KAUSHAL  Om Parkash CHATURVEDI 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):519-525

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【Addresses】1

The tree root distribution pattern and biomass of seventeen year old trees of Grewia optiva, Morus alba, Celtis australis, Bauhinia variegata and Robinia pseudoacacia were studied by excavation method. B. variegata roots penetrated to a maximum depth of 4.78 m, whereas, M. alba roots were found down to 1.48 m depth. Lateral spread was minimum in B. variegata （1.10 m）and maximum inR. pseudoacacia （7.33 m）. Maximum root biomass of 6.30 kg was found in R. pseudoacacia and minimum （2.43 kg） was found in M. alba. For four species viz.,G. optiva, M. alba, C. australis andR. pseudoacacia, 68%-87% root biomass occurred within top 0-30 cm soil depth, but forB. variegata this was only45%. The soil binding factor was maximum in G. optiva and minimum in B. variegata. Soil physico-chemical properties also showed wide variation. The study suggests thatB. variegata with a deep root system is the most suitable species for plantation under agroforestry systems. R. pseudoacacia and G. optiva with deep root systems, more lateral spread and high soil binding factor are suitable for plantation on degraded lands for soil conservation.  相似文献   

Uptake and recovery of soil nitrogen by bryophytes and vascular plants in an alpine meadow   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

WANG Jin-niu  SHI Fu-sun  XU Bo  WANG Qian  WU Yan  WU Ning 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):475-484

Due to their particular physiology and life history traits, bryophytes are critical in regulating biogeochemical cycles and functions in alpine ecosystem. Hence, it is crucial to investigate their nutrient utilization strategies in comparison with vascular plants and understand their responses to the variation of growing season caused by climate change. Firstly, this study testified whether or not bryophytes can absorb nitrogen(N) directly from soil through spiking three chemical forms of 15N stable isotope tracer. Secondly, with stronger ability of carbohydrates assimilation and photosynthesis, it is supposed that N utilization efficiency of vascular plants is significantly higher than that of bryophytes. However, the recovery of soil N by bryophytes can still compete with vascular plants due to their greater phytomass. Thirdly, resource acquisition may be varied from the change of growing season, during which N pulse can be manipulated with 15N tracer addition at different time. Both of bryophytes and vascular plants contain more N in a longer growing season, and prefer inorganic over organic N. Bryophytes assimilate more NH4+ than NO3– and amino acid, which can be indicated from the greater shoot excess 15N of bryophytes. However, vascular plants prefer to absorb NO3– for their developed root systems and vascular tissue. Concerning the uptake of three forms N by bryophytes, there is significant difference between two manipulated lengths of growing season. Furthermore, the capacity of bryophytes to tolerate N-pollution may be lower than currently appreciated, which indicates the effect of climate change on asynchronous variation of soil N pools with plant requirements.  相似文献   

湘西合仁坪钠长石-石英脉型金矿床围岩蚀变及质量平衡   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张婷  彭建堂 《地球科学与环境学报》2014,(4)

湘西柳林汊一带钠长石-石英脉型金矿十分发育。为了揭示该区金矿的成矿物质来源、成矿过程及成矿流体信息,对该区最典型的合仁坪钠长石-石英脉型金矿床围岩蚀变特征进行研究,并利用标准化Isocon图解法,对围岩蚀变过程中物质带入、带出进行质量平衡计算。结果表明:合仁坪金矿床的围岩蚀变主要包括绢云母化(褪色化)、黄铁矿化和绿泥石化,其中褪色化分布最为广泛,是该区金矿床最重要的蚀变类型;在合仁坪金矿床形成过程中,围岩中的Al2O3为惰性组分,Na2O、Sr、V、Cr、W、Nb、Th及部分挥发分(S、CO2和H2O)等组分被带入围岩中,而SiO2、Fe2O3、K2O、CaO、MgO、Cu、As、Pb、Zn、Ni、Co、Sb、Li、Rb、Ba等组分从围岩中迁出;轻稀土元素的迁出程度远远大于重稀土元素,围岩蚀变过程中轻、重稀土元素发生强烈的分异;矿脉中钠长石的钠质并非来自赋矿围岩,而是由成矿流体从外界带入的;矿脉石英中硅质则部分来自赋矿围岩。  相似文献   

N维阵研究及其地学应用     

申维 《地球科学与环境学报》2014,(2)

提出了N维阵的概念和常用的几种定义和运算,包括N维阵的加减、方括号乘法和Hadamard积,给出了其性质及相应的说明;指出立体阵是N维阵的一个特例。N维阵方法的优势在于对多维数据表示更加简洁,理论分析较方便。最后,通过江绍拼合带中西段Cu-Zn-Ab-Ag-SnAs元素组合异常研究和浙西地区铜多金属矿成矿预测,说明了N维阵在实际问题应用中的方法及步骤。N维阵在处理地学多维数据方面有着重要的应用前景。  相似文献   

招远大尹格庄金矿床微量元素特征及其意义          下载免费PDF全文

李逸凡  李洪奎 《山东国土资源》2014,30(11)

该文以山东招远大尹格庄金矿床中微量元素为研究对象,通过对矿床围岩、矿石等微量元素的研究,表明大尹格庄金矿围岩中微量元素以富含Bi,Au,Pb,W,Ag,Sn为特点,矿体和矿化体中元素组合为Au,Ag,As,Sb,Hg,B,Cu,Zn,Bi,Mo,Mn,Co,Ni,W。在5个成矿阶段中,第二阶段与第三阶段微量元素的富集程度较明显,表现为Au,Ag,As,Co,Bi,Cu,Pb,Zn等的富集,成矿元素可分为2个分带序列,主成矿元素为Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn-Bi组合、头晕元素As-Sb-Hg组合和尾晕元素Co-Ni组合。  相似文献