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Time-Dependent Nonlinear Forcing Singular Vector-Type Tendency Error of the Zebiak-Cane Model 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on the Zebiak-Cane model, the timedependent nonlinear forcing singular vector （NFSV）-type tendency errors with components of 4 and 12 （denoted by NFSV-4 and NFSV-12） are calculated for predetermined El Nifio events and compared with the constant NFSV （denoted by NFSV-1） from their patterns and resultant prediction errors. Specifically, NFSV-1 has a zonal dipolar sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） pattern with negative anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific and positive anomalies in the equatorial central-western Pa- cific. Although the first few components in NFSV-4 and NFSV-12 present patterns similar to NFSV-1, they tend to extend their dipoles farther westward; meanwhile, the positive anomalies gradually cover much smaller regions with the lag times. In addition, the authors calculate the predic- tion errors caused by the three kinds of NFSVs, and the results indicate that the prediction error induced by NFSV-12 is the largest, followed by the NFSV-4. However, when compared with the prediction errors caused by random tendency errors, the NFSVs generate significantly larger prediction errors. It is therefore shown that the spatial structure of tendency errors is important for producing large prediction errors. Furthermore, in exploring the tendency errors that cause the largest prediction error for E1 Nifio events, the timedependent NFSV should be evaluated. 相似文献
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LING Kunyue ZHU Xiaoqing WANG Zhonggang HAN Tao TANG Haoshu CHEN Wenyi 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(6):1630-1642
The bauxites in central Guizhou are hosted by the Lower Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation.Geochemistrial characteristics of the Lindai bauxite deposit indicate that the underlying Shilengshui Formation dolomite is the precursor rock of mineral resources.Weathering simulation experiments show that Si is most likely to migrate with groundwater,the migration rate of which is several magnitude higher than Al and Fe under nature conditions （pH=3-9）.The neutral and acid nonreducing condition is the most conducive to the Al rich and Si removal,while the acid reducing conditions is the most conducive to the Al rich and Fe removal.In the process of bauxite formation,coal beds overlying the Al-bearing rock series or other rock formation rich in organic materials can produce acid reducing groundwater,which are important for the bauxite formation.Finally,propose the metallogenic model of the bauxite in central Guizhou Province and put forward three new words which are ＂original bauxite material＂,＂bauxite material＂ and ＂original bauxite＂. 相似文献
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红山台磁通门磁力仪观测数据对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2010-2012年红山地磁台2套相同厂家和型号的磁通门磁力仪GM4-1和GM4-2产出的数据进行背景噪声、基线值、预处理分数据和日均值几个方面的对比分析.结果显示:(1)两套仪器各分量日均值变化曲线形态一致性较好;(2) GM4-2各分量的噪声值和月剩余标准差值均大于等于GM4-1各分量的噪声值.(3) GM4-2仪器相对于GM4-1仪器灵敏度较低.分析的结果能较好地反映出2套仪器观测数据的内在质量,也能客观地反映出红山台各套仪器的工作状态及绝对观测对相对记录的控制水平. 相似文献
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CHEN Zitong ZHANG Chengzhong HUANG Yanyan FENG Yerong ZHONG Shuixin DAI Guangfeng XU Daosheng YANG Zhaoli 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):510-523
Super Typhoon Haiyan was the most notable typhoon in 2013. In this study, results from the operational prediction of Haiyan by a tropical regional typhoon model for the South China Sea are analyzed. It is shown that the model has successfully reproduced Haiyan’s rapid passage through the Philippines and its northward deflection after its second landfall in Vietnam. However, the predicted intensity of Haiyan is weaker than the observed. An analysis of higher-resolution model simulations indicates that the storm is characterized by an upper-level warm core during its mature stage and a deep layer of easterly flow. Sensitivity experiments are conducted to study the impact of certain physical processes such as the interaction between stratus and cumulus clouds on the improvement of the typhoon intensity forecast. It is found that appropriate boundary layer and cumulus convective parameterizations, and orographic gravity-wave parameterization, as well as improved initial conditions and increased horizontal grid resolution, all help to improve the intensity forecast of Haiyan. 相似文献
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This study evaluates the simulation of summer rainfall changes in the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) based on the fifth phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The historical runs of 20 CMIP5 coupled General Circulation Models (GCMs) are analyzed. The Multi-Model ensemble (MME) of the CMIP5 models well reproduces the general feature of NIO summer rainfall. For a short period 1979–2005, 14 out of 20 models show an increased trend in the mean rainfall and a similar spatial distribution to the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) observations in MME. The increasing of the convergence in the equatorial IO results in the increase of rainfall significantly. The equatorial rainfall trend patterns seem modulated by the SST warming in the tropical Indian Ocean, which confirm the mechanism of ‘warmer-get-wetter’ theory. For a long period 1950–2005, the trend of monsoon rainfall over India shows a decrease over the most parts of the India except an increase over the south corn er of the Indian Peninsula, due to a weakened summer monsoon circulation. The pattern is well simulated in half of the CMIP5 models. The rainfall over the north India is different for a short period, in which rainfall increases in 1979–2005, implying possible decadal variation in the NIO summer climate. 相似文献
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本文论述了经纬仪系列化型号的命名原则及系列化分级的技术依据，指出仪器精度的“实际值”大约是“命名值”的一半，不应将二者混淆。提出当国外进口仪器向我国系列化号靠级时，应兼顾仪器精度实际值、主要技术参数及结构特点等各项要求。绝不能误把精度命名值作为靠级依据。 相似文献
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