敦煌北部岩浆-变质杂岩构造环境初步探讨:对中亚造山带南缘扩展方式的启示     

石梦岩  程南南  侯泉林  吴春明  闫全人  张国成  张谦  王浩 《岩石学报》2021,37(12):3673-3686

中亚造山带南缘如何向南扩展，对深入理解增生型造山作用和大陆地壳生长机制以及中亚构造域与特提斯构造域的衔接具有重要科学意义。作为中亚造山带南缘的关键构造单元，敦煌构造带大地构造属性长期备受关注且颇有争议。传统观点认为敦煌构造带是古亚洲洋南侧的前寒武纪稳定大陆地块，以刚性块体的形式参与了中亚造山带南缘的最终拼贴过程。然而，近年来研究认为敦煌构造带卷入了古亚洲洋南部的俯冲增生造山过程，属于中亚造山带南缘的增生系统。显然，这一争议限制了对中亚造山带南缘向南扩展方式及增生造山过程的理解。敦煌北部三危山地区出露一套古生代岩浆-变质杂岩，是解开这一争论的关键。本文综合前人研究基础及新的资料，归纳了这套岩浆-变质杂岩的野外岩石-构造组合、地球化学和年代学等方面特征：该岩浆-变质杂岩整体显示"二元结构"特征，即较老的增生杂岩为基底，弧岩浆岩侵入或不整合覆盖其上；其中岩浆岩属于中钾-高钾钙碱性系列中酸性岩浆岩，富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE），亏损高场强元素（HFSE），与典型的弧岩浆岩类似，并且微量元素组成特征反映中酸性岩浆的源区与俯冲沉积物部分熔融有关；岩浆作用大致归为510Ma、460~410Ma和370~360Ma三期。岩浆岩中结晶锆石不一致的ε_Hf（t）值（既有正值，又有负值）以及继承锆石的存在表明，岩浆源区既有古老地壳物质的加入，也有新生地壳物质的形成。以上这些特征与发育在增生杂岩之上的增生弧十分类似，因此本文提出敦煌北部岩浆-变质杂岩的属性为古生代增生弧，并且该增生弧与其南部的红柳峡俯冲增生杂岩共同勾勒出敦煌构造带自北向南增生弧-增生杂岩的基本构造格架，即敦煌构造带的大地构造属性实为造山带而非稳定地块。结合区域地质背景及敦煌地区与北山地区古生代至早中生代构造-热事件的对应关系，认为敦煌造山带属于中亚造山带中段南缘的增生系统，中亚造山带中段以增生弧-增生杂岩的形式向南扩展至敦煌地区。  相似文献   

浙东晚白垩世小雄破火山中火山-侵入杂岩的岩石成因     

郑世帅  徐夕生 《岩石学报》2021,37(12):3712-3734

破火山内出露的火山岩与浅成侵入岩为硅质岩浆演化研究提供了一个重要窗口，从而备受关注。小雄破火山内的火山-侵入杂岩是中国东南沿海晚白垩世岩浆活动的典型代表，包括小雄组火山岩（K₂x）与两类侵入岩（花岗斑岩、正长斑岩）。本文以小雄火山-侵入杂岩为研究对象，开展了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石学和地球化学研究，旨在深入探讨破火山内火山岩与侵入岩之间的成因联系和岩浆演化过程。系统的LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明，小雄组火山岩形成于98~88Ma，并具有多期次喷发的特点，可分为下段、中段和上段，年龄分别为98~96Ma（K₂x¹）、95~92Ma（K₂x²）、~ 88Ma（K₂x³）。小雄花岗斑岩形成年龄为90Ma；正长斑岩形成稍晚，约88Ma。与下段流纹质玻屑凝灰岩的Nd-Hf同位素组成[ε_Nd（t）=-8.3~-7.2， ε_Hf（t）=-11.8~-7.2]相比，中段流纹岩要更为亏损[ε_Nd（t）=-5.84~-5.32， ε_Hf（t）=-10.1~-0.5]。研究表明，小雄组流纹质火山岩的母岩浆可能起源于发生在深部岩浆房中渐进的壳幔相互作用，中段流纹岩的源区混入了更多的亏损幔源组分。中段流纹岩与花岗斑岩具有相似的Nd-Hf同位素组成，以及 "互补"的微量元素地球化学特征，由发生在浅部岩浆房的分离结晶作用和堆晶作用所制约。值得注意的是，正长斑岩与花岗斑岩并不存在直接的成因演化关系，两者应是不同的起源。不同的正长斑岩岩株具有高度一致的结晶年龄、微量元素特征以及Nd-Hf同位素组成，以上特征均表明小雄破火山内的正长斑岩具有相同的起源。正长斑岩母岩浆起源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融，岩浆源区混入了来自亏损的软流圈地幔组分，其地球化学成分变化主要受"普通辉石+磷灰石+钛铁矿"的分离结晶所控制。  相似文献   

豫西后造山阶段存在变质核杂岩吗？   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

曹高社  赵太平 《地质论评》1997,43(4):365-372

不少学者用变质核杂岩模式解释豫西造山阶段基底隆起和与之相伴的盆岭构造的构造格局。介一本区基底隆起的形态、机制、时限和地壳剥露层次均没有变质核杂岩特征与基底隆起相伴的断陷人舅地也不同于变质核杂岩模式中的半地堑。  相似文献   

相山高位岩浆房分异机制和演化   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

夏林圻  夏祖春 《岩石学报》1992,8(3):205-221,T001

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丹池盆地热水成因硅岩的沉积地球化学特征   总被引：69，自引：7，他引：62  

周永章 《沉积学报》1990,8(3):75-83

丹池盆地硅岩（D₃1）属于典型的热水成因沉积物。它的显著地球化学特征之一是Sb.As和Ag富集,而REE贫乏,并且从近热水喷口→远离热水喷口,即沿着类碧玉岩→纹理状硅岩→块状泥质硅岩→硅页岩方向,元素、元素组合及稀土元素特征出现规律性的变化。  相似文献   

Sulfur Isotope Fractionation in Magmatic Systems：Models of Rayleigh Distillation and Selective Flux   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑永飞 《中国地球化学学报》1990,9(1):27-45

The effect of Rayleigh distillation by outgassing of SO2 and H2S on the isotopic composition of sulfur remaining in silicate melts is quantitatively modelled.A threshold mole fraction of sulfur in sulfide component of the melts is reckoned to be of critical importance in shifting the δ^34S of the melts mith respect to the original magmas.The partial equilibrium fractionation in a magmatic system is evaluated by assuming that a non-equilibrium flux of sulfur occurs between magmatic volatiles and the melts,while an equilibrium fractionation is approached between sulfate and sulfide within the melts.The results show that under high fo2 conditions,the sulfate/sulfide ratio in a melt entds to increase,and the δ^34S value of sulfur in a solidified rock might then be shifted in the positive direction.This may either be due to Rayleigh outgassing in case the mole fraction of sulfide is less than the threshold,or due to a unidirectional increase in δ^34S value of the sulfate with decreaing temperature,Conversely,at low fo2,the sulfate/sulfide ratio tends to decrease and the δ^34S value of total sulfur could be driven in the negative direction,either because of the Rayleigh outgassing in case the mole fraction of sulfide is greater than the threshold,or because of a unidirectional decrease inδ^34S value of the sulfide.To establish isotopic equilibrium between sulfate and sulfide,the HM,QFM or WM buffers in the magmatic system are suggested to provide the redox couple that could simultaneously reduce the sulfate and oxidize the sulfide.CaO present in the silicatte Melts is also called upon to participate in the chemical equilibrium between sulfate and sulfide,Consequently,the δ^34S value of an igneous rock could considerably deviate from that of its original magma due to the influence of oxygen fugacity and temperature at the time of magma solidification.  相似文献   

浅变质岩区地层特征及地层单位探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

袁鄂荣 《地球科学》1990,15(2):137-144,T001

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北山地区岩浆活动与金矿成矿作用关系探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

江思宏  聂凤军  胡朋  赖新荣 《矿床地质》2006,25(Z2):269-272

北山地区金矿床的产出与花岗岩类侵入岩之间具有明显的空间分布关系，金矿床的形成时代与区域岩浆活动在时间上存在明显的耦合关系。研究结果表明，北山地区大规模的金成矿作用主要与塔里木、哈萨克斯坦和西伯利亚三大板块之间的碰撞对接及其后陆内活化诱发的大规模岩浆侵入-喷发活动有关。  相似文献   

Early diagenesis of nurtrients （C, N, P and Si） stored in sediments of two reservoirs in southwestern China     

Yuchun WANG Jun ZHU Congqiang LIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):161-162

Damming is a common anthropogenic intervention along the course of rivers, which is defined as ＂artificial-lake effect＂, both in China and across the world. Today as many as 48000 dams and/or reservoirs are in operation in the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） drainage area, and more are being constructed. While damming is well known to affect riverbome nutrient loads, and thus the riverine ecosystems owing to removal of carbon fixation, and removal of particles in reservoir sediments, there is limited information on the detailed early diagenesis of sediments in reservoirs including the regeneration processes of nutrients deposited in sediments and exchange flux across the sediment-water interface, which is important for mass balance of riverbome nutrients. In the present study, two large-size reservoirs, Wujiangdu Reservoir （WJDR） and Dongfeng Reservoir （DFR）, located on the main steam of the Wujiang River and with uniformity hydrography and discrepancy biogeochemical activity （e. g. primary production）, were selected for a comparative study on the detailed processes of nutrient regeneration. Water, pore water and sediment were sampled from these two reservoirs and dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, NH4^＋, NO3^-, PO4^3-, dissolved silica （DSi） in the overlying water and pore water, and total organic matter in sediments were determined. The results of correlation analysis suggested that in these two reservoirs, processes of nutrient regeneration near the sediment-water interface were significantly different. As a result of rapid decomposition of algae-derived ＂labile＂ organic matter in upper sediments, nutrient regeneration processes and upward fluxes in WJDR are dramatically stronger than those of DFR. NH4^＋ upward flux from sediment in WJDR was about 17 times higher than that in DFR. PO4^3- flux in WJDR is about 13 times above that in DFR. DOC flux in WJDR is larger that in DFR by 5 times, and DSi by 1 time.  相似文献   

含铍条纹状蚀变岩在发现界牌岭锡多金属隐伏矿床中的找矿意义     

唐朝永  刘利生 《矿产与地质》2006,(5)

界牌岭锡多金属矿床是一个大型隐伏矿床,找矿工作采用了化探次生晕、原生晕、地质调查等多种方法和手段.含铍条纹状蚀变岩的发现在找矿预测中起到了致关重要的作用,为找矿工作开拓了新的思路.  相似文献