1960-2004年南京市风速变化及其成因研究     

《青海气象》2014,(1)

利用南京、高淳、江宁、江浦、六合、溧水六个地面站1960—2004年逐日平均风速数据资料,分析了南京市平均风速的时空变化特征及其可能原因。其结果表明:近45年来南京市年平均风速为2.61m/s,最大平均风速出现在3月,为3.08m/s,十月的平均风速最小,为2.45m/s。一年四季中,春季的平均风速最大,为2.93m/s,秋季平均风速最小,为2.50m/s,呈现出"春季大,秋季小"的季节分布类型。近45年间各季节与年平均风速的年代际变化趋势基本一致,都呈现出波动性变化及总体减弱的趋势。在空间上,南京市平均风速呈现出"南大北小"的地理分布格局。风速的变化,主要是由于全球气候变暖下中国乃至亚洲大气环流的变化而引起的局地环流的变化。此外,强冷空气南下次数和强度的减小、台风的减少、观测环境的影响、仪器性能的差异以及统计时次的变更等也是引起南京市风速变化的原因。  相似文献   

海道测量中几种水位改正方法的比较与分析     

陈春  黄辰虎  王智明  吴太旗  段福楼 《海洋测绘》2014,(1):16-20

针对多波束测深易出现的因水位改正不完善导致的相邻测深条带间的拼接断层,分别采用天文潮预报、基于余水位配置的海洋潮汐推算以及基于日平均海面订正的海洋潮汐推算等方法进行水深测量水位改正。结果表明,后两种方法均适用于多波束水深测量水位改正。  相似文献   

海道测量中几种水位改正方法的比较与分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈春  黄辰虎  王智明  吴太旗  段福楼 《海洋测绘》2014,(1)

针对多波束测深易出现的因水位改正不完善导致的相邻测深条带间的拼接断层,分别采用天文潮预报、基于余水位配置的海洋潮汐推算以及基于日平均海面订正的海洋潮汐推算等方法进行水深测量水位改正。结果表明,后两种方法均适用于多波束水深测量水位改正。  相似文献   

Genome-wide survey and analysis of microsatellites in the Pacific oyster genome: abundance,distribution, and potential for marker development     

王家丰  亓海刚  李莉  张国范 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(1):8-21

Microsatellites are a ubiquitous component of the eukaryote genome and constitute one of the most popular sources of molecular markers for genetic studies. However, no data are currently available regarding microsatellites across the entire genome in oysters, despite their importance to the aquaculture industry. We present the fi rst genome-wide investigation of microsatellites in the Pacifi c oyster Crassostrea gigas by analysis of the complete genome, resequencing, and expression data. The Pacifi c oyster genome is rich in microsatellites. A total of 604 653 repeats were identifi ed, in average of one locus per 815 base pairs(bp). A total of 12 836 genes had coding repeats, and 7 332 were expressed normally, including genes with a wide range of molecular functions. Compared with 20 different species of animals, microsatellites in the oyster genome typically exhibited 1) an intermediate overall frequency; 2) relatively uniform contents of(A)n and(C)n repeats and abundant long(C)n repeats(≥24 bp); 3) large average length of(AG)n repeats; and 4) scarcity of trinucleotide repeats. The microsatellite-fl anking regions exhibited a high degree of polymorphism with a heterozygosity rate of around 2.0%, but there was no correlation between heterozygosity and microsatellite abundance. A total of 19 462 polymorphic microsatellites were discovered, and dinucleotide repeats were the most active, with over 26% of loci found to harbor allelic variations. In all, 7 451 loci with high potential for marker development were identifi ed. Better knowledge of the microsatellites in the oyster genome will provide information for the future design of a wide range of molecular markers and contribute to further advancements in the fi eld of oyster genetics, particularly for molecular-based selection and breeding.  相似文献   

Impact of Meteorological Drought on Streamflow Drought in Jinghe River Basin of China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHAO Lin  LYU Aifeng  WU Jianjun  Michael HAYES  TANG Zhenghong  HE Bin  LIU Jinghui  LIU Ming 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,(6):694-705

Under global climate change, drought has become one of the most serious natural hazards, affecting the ecological environ- ment and human life. Drought can be categorized as meteorological, agricultural, hydrological or socio-economic drought. Among the different categories of drought, hydrological drought, especially streamflow drought, has been given more attention by local govern- ments, researchers and the public in recent years. Identifying the occurrence of streamflow drought and issuing early warning can pro- vide timely information for effective water resources management. In this study, streamflow drought is detected by using the Standard- ized Runoff Index, whereas meteorological drought is detected by the Standardized Precipitation Index. Comparative analyses of fre- quency, magnitude, onset and duration are conducted to identify the impact of meteorological drought on streamflow drought. This study focuses on the Jinghe River Basin in Northwest China, mainly providing the following findings. 1） Eleven meteorological droughts and six streamflow droughts were indicated during 1970 and 1990 after pooling using Inter-event time and volume Criterion method. 2） Streamflow drought in the Jinghe River Basin lagged meteorological drought for about 127 days. 3） The frequency of streamflow drought in Jinghe River Basin was less than meteorological drought. However, the average duration of streamflow drought is longer. 4） The magnitude of streamflow drought is greater than meteorological drought. These results not only play an important theo- retical role in understanding relationships between different drought categories, but also have practical implications for streamflow drought mitigation and regional water resources management.  相似文献   

Improvement of 6–15 Day Precipitation Forecasts Using a Time-Lagged Ensemble Method简     

JIE Weihua  WU Tongwen  WANG Jun  LI Weijing  and LIU Xiangwen 《大气科学进展》2014,31(2):293-304

A time-lagged ensemble method is used to improve 6-15 day precipitation forecasts from the Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model,version 2.0.1.The approach averages the deterministic predictions of precipitation from the most recent model run and from earlier runs,all at the same forecast valid time.This lagged average forecast （LAF） method assigns equal weight to each ensemble member and produces a forecast by taking the ensemble mean.Our analyses of the Equitable Threat Score,the Hanssen and Kuipers Score,and the frequency bias indicate that the LAF using five members at time-lagged intervals of 6 h improves 6-15 day forecasts of precipitation frequency above 1 mm d-1 and 5 mm d-1 in many regions of China,and is more effective than the LAF method with selection of the time-lagged interval of 12 or 24 h between ensemble members.In particular,significant improvements are seen over regions where the frequencies of rainfall days are higher than about 40％-50％ in the summer season; these regions include northeastern and central to southern China,and the southeastem Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

Effects of doubled carbon dioxide on rainfall responses to large-scale forcing: A two-dimensional cloud-resolving modeling study     

LI Xiaofan  SHEN Xinyong  LIU Jia 《大气科学进展》2014,31(3):525-531

ABSTRACT Rainfall responses to doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration were investigated through the analysis of two pairs of two-dimensional cloud-resolving model sensitivity experiments. One pair of experiments simulated pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China around the summer solstice, whereas the other pair of experiments simulated tropical rainfall around the winter solstice. The analysis of the time and model domain mean heat budget revealed that the enhanced local atmospheric warming was associated with doubled carbon dioxide through the weakened infrared radiative cooling during the summer solstice. The weakened mean pre-summer rainfall corresponded to the weakened mean infrared radiative cooling. Doubled carbon dioxide increased the mean tropical atmospheric warming via the enhanced mean latent heat in correspondence with the strengthened mean infrared radiative cooling during the winter solstice. The enhanced mean tropical rainfall was associated with the increased mean latent heat.  相似文献   

Effects of additional HONO sources on visibility over the North China Plain   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Ying Li  Junling An  Ismail Gultepe 《大气科学进展》2014,31(5):1221-1232

The objective of the present study was to better understand the impacts of the additional sources of nitrous acid （HONO） on visibility, which is an aspect not considered in current air quality models. Simulations of HONO contributions to visibility over the North China Plain （NCP） during August 2007 using the fully coupled Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry （WRF/Chem） model were performed, including three additional HONO sources： （1） the reaction of photo-excited nitrogen dioxide （NO~） with water vapor; （2） the NO2 heterogeneous reaction on aerosol surfaces; and （3） HONO emissions. The model generally reproduced the spatial patterns and diurnal variations of visibility over the NCP well. When the additional HONO sources were included in the simulations, the visibility was occasionally decreased by 20%-30% （3-4 km） in local urban areas of the NCP. Monthly-mean concentrations of NO3, NH＋, SO]- and PM2.5 were increased by 20%-52% （3-11μg m-3）, 10%-38%, 6%-10%, and 6%-11% （9-17 μg m-3）, respectively; and in urban areas, monthly-mean accumulation- mode number concentrations （AMNC） and surface concentrations of aerosols were enhanced by 15%-20% and 10%-20%, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that increases in concentrations of PM2.5, its hydrophilic components, and AMNC, are key factors for visibility degradation. A proposed conceptual model for the impacts of additional HONO sources on visibility also suggests that visibility estimation should consider the heterogeneous reaction on aerosol surfaces and the enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity due to additional HONO sources, especially in areas with high mass concentrations of NOx and aerosols.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal Variations of Cloud Amount over the Yangtze River Delta, China          下载免费PDF全文

ZHAO Wenjing  ZHANG Ning  SUN Jianning 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(3):371-380

Based on the NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR) Pathfinder Atmospheres Extended(PATMOS-x) monthly mean cloud amount data, variations of annual and seasonal mean cloud amount over the Yangtze River Delta(YRD), China were examined for the period 1982–2006 by using a linear regression analysis. Both total and high-level cloud amounts peak in June and reach minimum in December, mid-level clouds have a peak during winter months and reach a minimum in summer, and lowlevel clouds vary weakly throughout the year with a weak maximum from August to October. For the annual mean cloud amount, a slightly decreasing tendency(–0.6% sky cover per decade) of total cloud amount is observed during the studying period, which is mainly due to the reduction of annual mean high-level cloud amount(–2.2% sky cover per decade). Mid-level clouds occur least(approximately 15% sky cover) and remain invariant, while the low-level cloud amount shows a significant increase during spring(1.5% sky cover per decade) and summer(3.0% sky cover per decade). Further analysis has revealed that the increased low-level clouds during the summer season are mainly impacted by the local environment. For example,compared to the low-level cloud amounts over the adjacent rural areas(e.g., cropland, large water body, and mountain areas covered by forest), those over and around urban agglomerations rise more dramatically.  相似文献   

呼和浩特市不同观测频次风资料对比及对应污染风频分析     

王德军  谷新波  王佳 《内蒙古气象》2014,(1):22-24

文章对呼和浩特市每日24观测频次和每日4观测频次的平均风速、最大风速、风向频率及对应污染风频进行了对比分析,结果表明:两者在平均风速、风向频率及主导风向污染风频方面具有比较一致的变化特征;而在最大风速、最大污染风频、静风污染风频上相差较大,差值分别达2.1 m﹒s-1、1.4%、3.0%。说明两者在定性判断上具有较好的一致性,而在专项研究和定量分析上,每日24观测频次较每日4观测频次风资料更具客观性。  相似文献