地热学岩石圈厚度计算方法综述     

焦亚先  李文正  阙永泉  邱楠生 《地球科学与环境学报》2014,(3)

地热学岩石圈厚度体现了长时间尺度上的岩石圈热学作用,可以反映地球深部动力学过程。介绍了地热学岩石圈厚度的计算方法,探讨了这种方法的参数选取和影响因素,并对比了地热学岩石圈厚度与其他类型岩石圈厚度的差异及其原因。结果表明:地热学岩石圈厚度的计算结果受地壳分层结构、岩石生热率、岩石热导率以及地表热流的影响;地质历史时期内的地壳分层结构要结合岩石学、岩石地球化学等领域最新研究成果得出;地表热流较低(42mW·m-2)时,岩石圈地幔生热率对计算结果的影响非常显著,岩石圈地幔生热率变化0.02μW·m-3,地热学岩石圈厚度计算结果最高变化40km,岩石圈地幔热导率每变化0.2W·(m·K)-1,地热学岩石圈厚度变化15km;地表热流为60mW·m-2时,岩石圈地幔生热率每变化0.02μW·m-3,地热学岩石圈厚度变化3km,岩石圈地幔热导率每变化0.2W·(m·K)-1,地热学岩石圈厚度变化5km;地表热流增高1mW·m-2,地热学岩石圈厚度约增加3km;地热学岩石圈厚度与岩石学、地震学岩石圈厚度略有差异,其差异取决于流变边界层的厚度。  相似文献   

昆明坝子边界层贴地逆温特征及其成因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

段玮  万石云  段旭 《云南地理环境研究》2014,26(4)

利用昆明2004~2006年08 h气象加密探空资料对昆明坝子贴地逆温进行了分析,结果显示:昆明坝子贴地逆温年频率为59.9%,厚度为120 m,强度为0.9℃/100 m,与国内其他地区相比具有出现频率高,厚度小,强度略强的特点。昆明坝子贴地逆温频率、厚度、强度呈单峰型年变化,春季频率最高、厚度最厚、强度最强;夏季频率最低、厚度最薄、强度最弱,其变化受降水、风速、晴夜状况变化的影响。坝子地形是影响贴地逆温的重要因素,昆明坝子地形对坝内贴地逆温具有保护稳定作用,尤其是对辐散冷却逆温过程的保护,同时也影响贴地逆温的厚度和强度。昆明坝子贴地逆温存在辐射逆温、地形逆温、水体平流逆温的共同影响,但辐射冷却逆温是主导机制。  相似文献   

Thickness distribution and extent of sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and surrounding waters observed in 2012/2013 austral summer     

CHENG Peng  HAN Hongwei  LEI Ruibo  LI Zhijun  LU Peng 《极地研究(英文版)》2014,(1):1-9

Three ship-based observational campaigns were conducted to survey sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and the surrounding waters(64.40°S–69.40°S, 76.11°E–81.29°E) from 28 November 2012 to 3 February 2013. In this paper, we present the sea ice extent and its variation, and the ice and snow thickness distributions and their variations with time in the observed zone. In the pack ice zone, the southern edge of the pack ice changed little, whereas the northern edge retreated significantly during the two earlier observation periods. Compared with the pack ice, the fast ice exhibited a significantly slower variation in extent with its northernmost edge retreating southwards by 6.7 km at a rate of 0.37 km?d-1. Generally, ice showed an increment in thickness with increasing latitude from the end of November to the middle of December. Ice and snow thickness followed an approximate normal distribution during the two earlier observations(79.7±28.9 cm, 79.1±19.1 cm for ice thickness, and 11.6±6.1 cm, 9.6±3.4 cm for snow thickness, respectively), and the distribution tended to be more concentrated in mid-December than in late November. The expected value of ice thickness decreased by 0.6 cm, whereas that of snow thickness decreased by 2 cm from 28 November to 18 December 2012. Ice thickness distribution showed no obvious regularity between 31 January and 3 February, 2013.  相似文献   

Aerosol Type Identification Using PARASOL Multichannel Polarized Data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

FAN Xue-Hua  CHEN Hong-Bin 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(3):224-229

PARASOL （Polarization ＆ Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Ob- servations from a Lidar） multi-channel and mul- ti-directional polarized data for different aerosol types were compared. The PARASOL polarized radiance data at 490 nm, 670 nm, and 865 nm increased with aerosol optical thickness （AOT） for fine-mode aerosols; however, the polarized radiances at 490 nm and 670 nm decreased as AOT increased for coarse dust aerosols. Thus, the vari- ation of the polarized radiance with AOT can be used to identify fine or coarse particle-dominated aerosols. Polar- ized radiances at three wavelengths for fine- and coarse-mode aerosols were analyzed and fitted by linear regression. The slope of the line for 670 nm and 490 nm wavelength pairs is less than 0.35 for dust aerosols. However, the value for fine-mode aerosols is greater than 0.60. The Support Vector Machine method （SVM） based on 12 vector features was used to discriminate clear sky, coarse dust aerosols, fine-mode aerosols, and cloud. Two cases were given and validated by AErosol RObotic NETwork （AERONET） measurements, MODIS （Mod- erate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer） FMF （Fine Mode Fraction at 550 nm） images, PARASOL RGB （Red Green Blue） images, and CALIOP （Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization） VFM （Vertical Feature Mask） data.  相似文献   

中国海真寄居蟹属一新记录种(寄居蟹总科,活额寄居蟹科)     

肖丽婵  王永良  沙忠利 《海洋与湖沼》2014,(1)

本文记述了采自中国南沙及北部湾的活额寄居蟹科Diogenidae真寄居蟹属Dardanus Paul’son 1新纪录种:丽螯真寄居蟹D.callichela Cook,1989。提供了形态描述、形态特征图及分种检索表,并讨论了其与近似种的区别。研究标本保存于中国科学院海洋生物标本馆(MBMCAS)。  相似文献   

基于卫星高度计的北极海冰厚度变化研究   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

毕海波  黄海军  苏乔  严立文  刘艳霞  徐秀丽 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(11):134-140

A modified algorithm taking into account the first year(FY) and multiyear(MY) ice densities is used to derive a sea ice thickness from freeboard measurements acquired by satellite altimetry ICESat(2003–2008). Estimates agree with various independent in situ measurements within 0.21 m. Both the fall and winter campaigns see a dramatic extent retreat of thicker MY ice that survives at least one summer melting season. There were strong seasonal and interannual variabilities with regard to the mean thickness. Seasonal increases of 0.53 m for FY the ice and 0.29 m for the MY ice between the autumn and the winter ICESat campaigns, roughly 4–5 month separation, were found. Interannually, the significant MY ice thickness declines over the consecutive four ICESat winter campaigns(2005–2008) leads to a pronounced thickness drop of 0.8 m in MY sea ice zones. No clear trend was identified from the averaged thickness of thinner, FY ice that emerges in autumn and winter and melts in summer. Uncertainty estimates for our calculated thickness, caused by the standard deviations of multiple input parameters including freeboard, ice density, snow density, snow depth, show large errors more than 0.5 m in thicker MY ice zones and relatively small standard deviations under 0.5 m elsewhere. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is implemented to determine the separate impact on the thickness estimate in the dependence of an individual input variable as mentioned above. The results show systematic bias of the estimated ice thickness appears to be mainly caused by the variations of freeboard as well as the ice density whereas the snow density and depth brings about relatively insignificant errors.  相似文献   

Dispersal of the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) derived sediment in the Holocene   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

GE Qian  LIU J. P.  XUE Zuo  CHU Fengyou 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(8):1-9

High-resolution Chirp profiling and coring reveals an elongated(ca. 400 km) Holocene Zhujiang River(Pearl River)-derived mud area(maximum thickness 20 m) extending from the Zhujiang River Delta, southwestward off the Guangdong coast, to the Leizhou Peninsula. Two depo-centers, one proximal and one distal, are identified. On the continental shelf off the west Guangdong Province, the mud is deposited in water depth shallower than 50 m; while to the southeast of the Zhujiang River Estuary, the mud area can extend to the-120 m isobath. A combined analysis with the stratigraphic sequences of other muddy deposits in the Western Pacific marginal seas(mainly Changjiang(Yangtze) and Huanghe(Yellow) Rivers derived) indicates that the initiation of the Zhujiang River muddy deposit can be further divided into two stages: Stage 1 is before the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand(ca. 7.0 cal. ka BP), the proximal mud was mostly deposited after 9.0 cal. ka BP, when the sea-level rose slowly after the Meltwater Pulse-1C; Stage 2, after the mid-Holocene sealevel highstand, clinoform developed on the continental shelf off the west Guangdong Province, extending ca. 400 km from the Zhujiang River Estuary. The proximal clinoform thins offshore, from ca. 10 m thickness around 5–10 m water depth to less than 1–2 m around 20–30 m water depth. In addition, we also find a developed distal clinoform in the east of the Leizhou Peninsula.  相似文献   

陕西关中气溶胶对大气能见度的影响研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李星敏  董自鹏  陈闯  董妍  杜川利  彭艳 《高原气象》2014,(5)

为了研究大气污染对能见度的影响,利用MODIS卫星气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)产品、陕西关中地区43个气象观测站能见度资料、西安泾河太阳光度计CE318气溶胶观测资料以及泾河站风速、相对湿度、能见度观测资料,分别分析了卫星MODIS/AOD和地基CE318/AOD与能见度、低能见度日数的关系以及在不同风速、相对湿度时AOD与能见度的关系。结果表明,陕西关中MODIS/AOD的空间分布与能见度分布具有明显对应关系,冬、春季AOD与08:00(北京时,下同)能见度相关最好,夏、秋季AOD与14:00能见度相关最好。去除降水因素后,空气中颗粒物污染是造成秋、冬季出现低能见度的主要原因。地基观测的气溶胶波长指数在0.8~1.2之间时对能见度的影响最大。空气中颗粒物造成的能见度下降与相对湿度密切相关,湿度越大,能见度下降越明显。风速小,大气中的颗粒物容易聚集,使能见度变差;风速大,有利于空气中颗粒物扩散,使能见度得到改善。用AOD估算能见度时,需要考虑大气相对湿度和风速的影响。  相似文献   

江西会昌周田镇地面塌陷灾害CSAMT法勘查实例分析     

张焱孙 《江苏地质》2014,38(4):682-686

介绍了江西会昌县周田镇地面塌陷灾害物探CSAMT法勘查技术、资料分析、勘查成果及验证情况。对了解塌陷区盖层有效厚度、塌落现状、塌陷区后续具体治理方案及决策有十分重要的意义,对在类似地电条件下地质灾害物探勘查方法的选择、资料解释等具一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

西秦岭印支期高Sr/Y花岗岩类的成因及动力学背景——以同仁地区舍哈力吉岩体为例   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

黄雄飞  莫宣学  喻学惠  李小伟  杨梦楚  罗明非  和文言  于峻川 《岩石学报》2014,30(11):3255-3270

西秦岭印支期花岗岩类分布十分广泛,形成时代集中于248~234Ma和224~211Ma两个阶段.其中,夏河岩体(248~238Ma)和温泉岩体(223~216Ma)的部分样品被厘定为埃达克岩(Sr>400×10^-6,Yb<2×10^-6),指示陆壳厚度大于50km.本文对西秦岭同仁地区舍哈力吉岩体进行了锆石U-Pb定年、岩石学、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究.舍哈力吉岩体主要由石英二长岩组成,同时含有许多暗色镁铁质微粒包体(MME).寄主岩中发育少量的钾长石巨晶,并且部分巨晶具有环斑结构.舍哈力吉石英二长岩化学成分比较均一,而且也显示出类似埃达克岩的一些地球化学特点,如富SiO₂(66.07%~67.52%)和Al₂O₃(14.85%~15.95%),高Sr(560×10^-6~692×10^-6),低Y(11.4×10^-6~12.9×10^-6)和Yb(0.99×10^-6~1.09×10^-6),并具有较高的(La/Yb)_N比值(27.8~34.3)和微弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.77~0.95).锆石U-Pb测年结果为234.1±0.5Ma,表明其形成于印支早期.岩石为偏铝质、高钾钙碱性系列且K₂O/Na₂O>1,高Mg^#(59~60)、Cr(69.1×10^-6~81.2×10^-6)和Ni(31.6×10^-6~36.1×10^-6),以富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、U)而相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ti、P)为特征,(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.7075~0.7077,ε_Nd(t)=-6.3~-6.1,亏损地幔模式年龄为1.25~1.33Ga.舍哈力吉石英二长岩起源于石榴角闪岩相古老下地壳的部分熔融,之后经历了壳幔岩浆混合作用和以斜长石为主的分离结晶作用.寄主岩的环斑结构和相对一致的地球化学特征,很可能是高温幔源熔体对壳源富钾高黏度岩浆改造所导致的晶粥快速再活化的结果.西秦岭在印支早期可能并未经历显著的地壳加厚过程.西秦岭印支早期花岗岩类形成于活动大陆边缘局部伸展环境,可能与古特提斯洋壳俯冲极性的改变有关.  相似文献