长江河口潮滩表层沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附特征   总被引：53，自引：2，他引：53  

刘敏  侯立军  许世远  欧冬妮  张斌亮  刘巧梅  杨毅 《地理学报》2002,57(4):397-406

实验研究了长江口滨岸潮滩表层沉积物对上覆水体中磷酸盐（PO4－P）的吸附特性，结果表明，沉积物吸磷过程主要发生在0－10小时（h)内，尔后基本上达到一种动态平衡过程，但在0－0.5h沉积的对PO4－P的吸附速率最大，达到10.40-56.40mg/kg h，且其吸附速率受细颗粒物含量影响明显。沉积物对PO4－P宾吸附容量达26.32-204.08mg/kg，且吸附容量与Fe^3 和总有机碳（TOC）含量有了的正相关关系；PO4－P的吸附效率达21.55-248.30L/kg，且吸附效率主要取决于TOC含量。此外，环境因子（温度，pH和盐度等）圣沉积的吸磷作用显著。  相似文献   

美国浅层地下水中氮源与含水层对硝酸盐敏感度之间的关系     

葛秀珍 《水文地质工程地质技术方法动态》2003,(4):9-13

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评价地下水硝酸盐污染的GIS关联模型     

朱庆俊 《水文地质工程地质技术方法动态》2003,(6):6-8,23

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菱镁矿开采引起的Dubravsk"非汉字符号" Massif水文地质结构中的地下水化学成分变化     

Peter Bajto 《岩石学报》2004,20(4)

Dubravsky Massif菱镁矿体的开采产生了部分局限在石炭纪低裂缝渗透变质岩中的喀斯特型裂缝含水层。大量的开矿过程对含水层中的地下水循环和化学成分都造成了可观的变化。本文研究了在这种复杂条件下地下水化学成分变化成因模型。根据化学配位模型,计算出所选矿物的饱和指数,从而指示所有喀斯特裂缝含水层饱和带中的地下水对菱镁矿、白云石、方解石的过饱和度和石膏的不饱和度。假设地下水未受人类活动的污染,而白云石中黄铁矿的氧化对成矿影响甚微,则水化学数据的统计描述代表了含水层中的水文地球化学背景。矿山中矿石焙烧释放的富氮气体凝聚产生的醋酸,能促进菱镁矿和白云石的溶解。这样产生的地下水相对背景值来说则富集NO3,Mg,和TIC。因此,由于地下开矿,岩溶作用估计将是原来的1.5倍。尽管有污染,这些所测参数并没有超过斯洛伐克卫生保健部颁发的No.29／2002 Z.z.饮用水标准临界值。因此采矿后含水层的开采也是可行的。  相似文献   

浑河冲洪积扇中下游地下水中氮转化与水文地球化学特征的研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

杨维  王恩德  李勇  丁斌 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(2):39-41

浑河冲洪积扇部分区域的地下水水质检测结果表明,区域环境水文地球化学场与地下水中的氮转化关系密切,尤其是含水层的岩性组合和锰离子浓度场控制着地下水中氮的存在形式。铁离子对氮转化的影响相对较弱。在地下水呈弱酸性的条件下,其影响因素还包括耗氧量、氯离子和硫酸盐。总硬度和总固体与硝酸盐氮呈显著正相关,与氨氮未表现出相关关系。  相似文献   

新疆盐湖的形成演化环境   总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2  

郑喜玉 《盐湖研究》1993,(1)

本文通过野外考察资料和室内分析实验数据,全面系统地论述了我国最大的干旱—半干旱成盐区—新疆盐湖成盐区的自然地理概况、盐湖分布、盐类矿物组成、卤水化学成分、水化学类型和盐湖的形成自然环境以及丰富的盐湖自然资源等。对于进一步探讨该区盐湖的成盐理论和开发利用盐湖资源,具有重要的理论和实用意义。  相似文献   

南极粒雪芯中的硝酸盐记录—平流层冬／春季脱氮作用的证据     

Mulva.  R 刘雷保 《地质地球化学》1995,(3):34-38

采用南极威德尔海地区极地涡流中的一支粒雪芯表明，在春季或夏初出现硝酸盐峰值。在更北面获得的两支粒雪芯的硝酸盐浓度要低得多。尽管还需要其它的数据，间接的证据已表明峰值可能是由于冬春季期间来自平流层的极地平流展云的沉积作用造成的。过去三十年中，峰形没有变化。从冰芯中观察过去平流层在较长时间尺度上的状况是可能的，但其它因素可能会消除冰期冰芯中的信息。  相似文献   

Influence of some essential environmental factors on the reductive precipitation of uranium by sulfate reducing bacteria     

Zhengji YI Kaixuan TAN Aili TAN Zhenxun YU Yanshi XIE 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):116-116

The rapid kinetics of microbial U （Ⅵ） reduction and low solubility of uraninite make this process a promising strategy for removing uranium from groundwater and preventing its further migration. Nevertheless, some environmental factors that can influence U（Ⅵ） bioreduction, such as pH, the concentration of coexistent anions（sulfate, nitrate） and toxicity of heavy metal cations[Cu（ Ⅱ ）, Zn（ Ⅱ ）, etc], are not well defined. In this paper, anaerobic batch experiments were performed to evaluate their effects on the enzymatic reduction of U （Ⅵ） by mixed cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria （SRB）. Kinetics investigations under variable pH conditions demonstrated that U （Ⅵ） was mainly reduced during the first 48h. The yield of this bacterial reduction depended strongly on the pH and increased from 4.3% to 99.4% when the pH was raised from 2.0 to 6.0. No inhibition of U （Ⅵ） bioreduction occurred and the formation Of uraninite was concurrent with the precipitation of metal sulfide （ZnS/CuS） at an initial concentration of 20 mg/L Zn （ Ⅱ ） or 10 mg/L Cu （ Ⅱ ）. But addition of 25 mg/L of Zn （ Ⅱ ） or 15 mg/L of Cu （ Ⅱ ） to the bacterial medium stopped U （Ⅵ） reduction due to their toxicities to SRB. Assessment tests for heavy metal toxicity implied that Cu （ Ⅱ ） toxicity probably proceeds by a mechanism different from that of Zn （ Ⅱ ） toxicity. The Zn （ Ⅱ ）-induced inhibition of microbial activity can be eliminated, but Cu （ Ⅱ ） toxicity can generate permanent and irreversible damage to SRB. The sulfate concentration as high as 4000 mg/L did not appreciably interfere with U （Ⅵ） reduction, however, the anion level greater than 5000 mg/L significantly slowed the rate of U （Ⅵ） reduction. Moreover, it was found that U （Ⅵ） was not reduced by H2S produced during dissimilatory sulfate reduction.  相似文献   

Impact of regional geology, land use and flow path on stream water chemistry in a small watershed     

Jae Gon Kim Jin-Soo Lee Kyung Seok Ko Tack Hyun Kim Chul-Min Chon Gyoo Ho Lee Tong Kwon Kim Yongje Kim Sung Won Park 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):140-140

Stream water chemistry is dependent on the physical, chemical and biological processes occurring in the watershed. Understanding the governing mechanism of the stream water chemistry in a watershed is the first step for the water quality management. The study area drains a total catchment area of 1.46 km^2 and consists of forest （80%）, upland （15%） and rice paddy field （5%）. The studied area has two distinctive bedrocks, quartzite and schist. We periodically collected the stream water samples at mainstream and tributaries and the pH, electrical conductivity （EC）, alkalinity and the concentrations of cations and anions of the collected stream water samples were determined in the field and laboratory. The all collected water samples were nearly neutral and the EC and concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Sr, Si and HCO3 of the stream water samples collected from the schist terrain had greater values than those from the quartzite terrain. The mainstream running along the boundary of schist and quartzite terrains had the intermediate values of the tributaries. The stream water samples collected in and near the upland showed a high concentration of NO3^- than those of forest regardless the lithology. The stream pathway was also directly reflected on the chemistry of stream water. The stream water drained in the forest of quartzite terrain had the lowest values of alkalinity, EC and concentrations of cations and anions but the stream water drain in the upland of schist terrain had the highest values of EC and concentrations of cations and anions, especially NO3^-.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯白垩系盆地北部潜水硝酸盐污染成因分析及防治对策   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王冬 《地下水》2006,28(4):56-57,107

本文通过调查鄂尔多斯白垩系盆地北部潜水水质,分析了工作区内硝酸盐污染的分布特征.通过对含水层岩性和人类活动两个方面对硝酸盐污染影响的讨论,从改善居民生活用水的角度提出了防治和控制污染的对策措施.  相似文献