MP-3000A微波辐射计探测原理及误差分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵玲  马玉芬  张广兴 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2009,3(5):54-57

MP-3000A微波辐射计是一种新型35通道微波辐射计。相对于探空和GPS水汽探测,它可以连续得到从地面到10km高度上高分辨率的温度、相对湿度和水汽廓线以及较低分辨率的液态水廓线。廓线从0m～10km共58个数据层,利用探测区域的历史探空资料和神经网络算法正向模拟微波辐射量,从而得出温湿廓线。本文介绍了MP-3000A微波辐射计的主要功能、工作原理和误差来源。  相似文献   

A New Strategy for Solving a Class of Constrained Nonlinear Optimization Problems Related to Weather and Climate Predictability   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

DUAN Wansuo  LUO Haiying 《大气科学进展》2010,27(4):741-749

There are three common types of predictability problems in weather and climate, which each involve different constrained nonlinear optimization problems: the lower bound of maximum predictable time, the upper bound of maximum prediction error, and the lower bound of maximum allowable initial error and parameter error. Highly efficient algorithms have been developed to solve the second optimization problem. And this optimization problem can be used in realistic models for weather and climate to study the upper bound of the maximum prediction error. Although a filtering strategy has been adopted to solve the other two problems, direct solutions are very time-consuming even for a very simple model, which therefore limits the applicability of these two predictability problems in realistic models. In this paper, a new strategy is designed to solve these problems, involving the use of the existing highly efficient algorithms for the second predictability problem in particular. Furthermore, a series of comparisons between the older filtering strategy and the new method are performed. It is demonstrated that the new strategy not only outputs the same results as the old one, but is also more computationally efficient. This would suggest that it is possible to study the predictability problems associated with these two nonlinear optimization problems in realistic forecast models of weather or climate.  相似文献   

A Study on Water Vapor Transport and Budget of Heavy Rain in Northeast China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SUN Li  SHEN Baizhu  SUI Bo 《大气科学进展》2010,27(6):1399-1414

The characteristics of moisture transport and budget of widespread heavy rain and local heavy rain events in Northeast China are studied using the NCEP--NCAR reanalysis 6-hourly and daily data and daily precipitation data of 200 stations in Northeast China from 1961--2005. The results demonstrate that during periods with widespread heavy rain in Northeast China, the Asian monsoon is very active and the monsoonal northward moisture transport is strengthened significantly. The widespread heavy rainfall obtains enhanced water vapor supply from large regions where the water vapor mainly originates from the Asian monsoon areas, which include the East Asian subtropical monsoon area, the South China Sea, and the southeast and southwest tropical monsoon regions. There are several branches of monsoonal moisture current converging on East China and its coastal areas, where they are strengthened and then continue northward into Northeast China. Thus, the enhanced northward monsoonal moisture transport is the key to the widespread heavy rain in Northeast China. In contrast, local heavy rainfall in Northeast China derives water vapor from limited areas, transported by the westerlies. Local evaporation also plays an important role in the water vapor supply and local recycling process of moisture. In short, the widespread heavy rains of Northeast China are mainly caused by water vapor advection brought by the Asian monsoon, whereas local heavy rainfall is mainly caused by the convergence of the westerly wind field.  相似文献   

一次梅雨暴雨预报中的误差演变及可预报性分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

罗雨  张立凤 《气象学报》2010,68(3):411-420

针对2003年7月3—4日淮河流域梅雨暴雨过程,利用AREM模式,在分析暴雨预报对不同来源的初始资料和不同要素初始误差的敏感性的基础上,重点研究了降水过程中误差的演变特征和发展机理。分析结果表明,初始小振幅误差增长最快,而伴随着降水的发生和发展,误差演变特征表现为由局地增长发展为全局传播的过程,且误差最优增长总是出现于雨区,这意味着雨带是误差增长的敏感区域。雨区内存在的初始误差对降水预报误差具有重要贡献,初始湿度条件不仅影响误差的传播特征,还使雨带上中小尺度误差迅速增长并造成更大尺度的误差。基于误差能量公式的计算结果表明,误差增长的能量来源主要由凝结加热提供,因此,从能量角度而言,误差增长和降水增大是同"源"的,从而使暴雨可预报性受到固有的限制。  相似文献   

模式不同分辨率对新疆达坂城—小草湖风区地面风场模拟结果的分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

辛渝  汤剑平  赵逸舟  李元鹏  王铁  余行杰  李兰 《高原气象》2010,29(4):884-893

使用非静力平衡中尺度MM5V3模式及NCEP/GFS 1°×1°再分析资料,对新疆达坂城-小草湖风区2006年4～9月10m高度的风况进行了3km×3km与1km×1km的模拟试验。结果表明:(1)3km与1km分辨率模拟的平均风速的大小分布特征整体一致,仅在复杂地形处以及风速大小值中心区域的强弱上存在细微差别,1km高分辨率对风速大小区域分布的模拟比3km分辨率更细致,且风速大、小值之间的变化梯度更明显。(2)3km与1km分辨率的模拟试验均较真实地反映了地形比较平坦、地貌比较单一区域的日平均风速与逐时平均风速的变化特征,但分辨率的提高并不能完全减小模拟误差。对于地形、地貌特征相对复杂区域而言,水平分辨率的提高,反而会加大模拟偏差。(3)两种分辨率的模拟误差在7、8月最大,4、9月份最小;对逐时平均风速的模拟误差均与距初始场时刻的长短无关。(4)两种分辨率对柴窝堡站点的模拟偏差过大,这很可能与模式中定义的水体、植被等参数与实际相距过大,以及该处地形陡峭,恰好位于绿洲与水体之间的荒漠过渡带有关。  相似文献   

NCEP/CFS模式对东亚夏季延伸预报的检验评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈官军  魏凤英  巩远发 《应用气象学报》2010,21(6):659-670

利用NCEP的气候预报系统（Climate Forecast System, CFS）所提供的1981—2004年历史回报试验结果,检验和评估了该系统对夏季东亚地区大气环流的预报技巧和系统误差;在此基础上通过提取模式预报和观测的10~20 d及30~60 d低频振荡分量,重点对我国南方3次典型持续性暴雨过程的预报技巧进行检验和诊断分析。结果表明:CFS系统对东亚整体大气环流逐日预报的可靠时效为5 d左右,60°N以北的对流层中高层高度场预报系统性偏低,而在40°~60°N则为系统性偏高。系统性误差随预报时间的延长而增加,但10 d以上预报的系统性误差大小和空间分布逐渐趋于稳定;CFS系统对低频分量的延伸期预报技巧好于对其整体大气环流的预报技巧,并且在典型持续性暴雨过程中,CFS系统对影响强降水过程的主要环流系统低频振荡特征有一定预报能力。  相似文献   

A dataset of global ocean surface currents for 1999-2007 derived from Argo float trajectories: Comparison with surface drifter and TAO measurements          下载免费PDF全文

Xie Jiping  Zhu Jiang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(2):97-102

A dataset of surface current vectors with error estimate from 1999 to 2007 is derived from the trajectories of the Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography （Argo） drifting on surface over the global ocean. The error of the estimated surface currents is about 4.7 cm s-1 which is equivalent to the accuracy of the currents determined from the surface drifters. Geographically, the Argo-derived surface currents can fill many gaps left by the Global Drifter Program due to the greater number of floats, and can provide a complementary in situ observational system for monitoring global ocean surface currents. The surface currents from the Argo floats are compared with the surface drifter-derived currents and the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean program （TAO） measurements. The comparisons show good agreement for both the current amplitude and the direction of surface currents. Results indicate the feasibility of obtaining ocean surface currents from the Argo array and of combining the surface currents from Argo and the ocean surface drifters for in situ mapping of the global surface currents. The authors also make the dataset available to users of interest for many types of applications.  相似文献   

两种四维奇异值分解同化方法的比较及误差分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王金成  李建平  丑纪范 《大气科学》2008,32(2)

4DSVD是最近提出的一种新的资料同化方法。目前还存在一些需要解决的问题,比如如何选取样本,如何得到支撑大气吸引子的基向量以及选取基向量的个数问题等等。作者利用奇异值分解(SVD)与经验正交函数分解(EOF)两种方法来获得支撑大气吸引子的基向量,推导了基于这两种方法的4DSVD分析场的理论公式,并用简单的数值试验比较了基于这两种方法的4DSVD分析场的空间相关系数和误差,初步分析了分析场与基向量个数的关系以及与样本选取的关系和分析误差的来源及各种误差对分析误差影响的相对大小。结果表明,用SVD方法作为获得支撑大气吸引子基向量的方法得到的分析场较EOF方法稳定,分析场与基向量个数有密切关系,观测误差、模式误差和观测代表性误差是分析误差的主要来源,且其引起的分析误差随着基向量个数增多而增大。  相似文献   

三维变分系统在我国夏季降雨预测中的应用试验     

孙建华  齐琳琳  朱江  赵思雄 《气候与环境研究》2007,12(3):413-425

采用MM5模式及其三维变分系统(MM5/3DVAR)对我国夏季降雨进行了一个月的连续预测试验,并对试验结果进行评估.试验中首先采用"National Meteorological Center(NMC)"方法,将2005年8月的MM5模式的预测结果形成与试验区域和水平分辨率相匹配的背景误差场,并将其与全球背景误差场进行了对比分析,结果表明,采用2005年8月MM5模式预报结果生成的背景误差场的基本特征与系统提供的全球背景误差场相似,且长度尺度随着水平分辨率的提高而减小.之后,分别利用NCEP再分析资料(NCEP试验)、NCEP再分析资料基础上采用CRESSMAN方法分析观测资料(LITT试验)和NCEP再分析资料基础上采用3DVAR系统同化观测资料(3DVAR试验)形成模式预报初始场,再次对2005年8月降雨进行逐日连续预报.逐日降雨预报结果表明,相对NCEP试验,LITT试验中1 和10 mm的预报评分有明显提高,但 25 和 50 mm的预报评分却有所下降,而3DVAR试验的预报评分在10 mm以上均有明显提高.对于降雨期间的形势场预报,3个试验中,除温度场和湿度场外,其他变量场的均方根误差随高度增加而增加,但相比而言,3DVAR试验的均方根误差小于其他2个试验.3DVAR试验对降雨的明显改进,可能是因为其对与背景场信息差别比较大的反应中尺度系统的观测资料的分析结果比较靠近观测资料.  相似文献   

数值模式预报时效对计算精度和时间步长的依赖关系   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王鹏飞  黄刚 《气候与环境研究》2006,11(3):395-403

通过数值计算研究Lorenz非线性动力系统,探讨了非线性动力系统中初值问题的解对时间步长和计算精度的依赖关系,从新的角度研究动力系统的预报时效问题,讨论了评价舍入误差对预报时效影响程度的方法。实验结果表明:动力系统的预报时效不仅与初值误差有关,而且在一定条件下敏感地依赖于计算采用的时间步长和计算精度。  相似文献