老挝龙湖矿区泥岩层B同位素地球化学初步研究——以ZK309为例     

唐启亮  张西营  李雯霞  韩元红 《矿床地质》2016,35(1):196-202

硼在自然界中分布较集中,平均丰度低,而且11B和10B之间质量差大,分馏效应显著,故B同位素的组成可以作为判定硼来源及沉积环境的有效指示剂和指相标志。文章对老挝龙湖钾盐矿区ZK309钻孔盐岩上覆泥岩层的B同位素地球化学及矿物学进行分析总结得出,其δ11B范围为7.44‰~11.62‰,均值8.96‰,明显介于海水的δ11B值(39.5‰)与陆相地下水的δ11B值(-3‰±5‰)之间;钻孔的矿物组成保存了一定的母岩特性,石英明显来自于陆源输入物;而石盐、硬石膏、石膏与残余卤水有关,推测在下盐段后期出现陆源淡水输入事件,使得后期盐岩层被淋滤,而泥岩层的δ11B值就是受淋滤后的残余卤水影响的结果,这也解释了蒸发岩沉积层序异常(钾石盐覆盖于光卤石之上)的沉积特征。  相似文献   

生物样品母乳中有机氯农药类化合物近二十年研究进展     

宋淑玲  田芹  佟玲  潘萌  马生明 《岩矿测试》2016,35(5):449-457

有机氯农药(OCPs)至今是人体内残留浓度和检出率最高的有机污染物,母乳作为一种生物介质,被广泛用于人体中OCPs蓄积量、母乳中OCPs浓度的影响因素、婴幼儿母乳喂养期OCPs摄入量、人体中OCPs排泄动力学等研究领域。近二十年的研究表明:母乳中残留的OCPs主要有六氯苯(HCB)、滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs),浓度持续下降,总体上发展中国家高于发达国家,沿海地区高于内陆地区,热带地区高于其他地区;母乳中OCPs浓度主要受饮食习惯、年龄和分娩次数等因素的影响,在哺乳期浓度并不是持续下降,其排泄速度呈波动性变化趋势;不同国家和地区婴幼儿母乳喂养时OCPs日摄入量普遍低于WHO/FAO建议值,但在一些仍然使用OCPs的热带地区,婴幼儿OCPs日摄入量比WHO/FAO建议值高出几十倍。未来有关母乳中OCPs的研究将主要集中于:继续开展母乳中OCPs方法学研究,推进分析方法的标准化,提高评价方法和统计学方法的应用范围和可靠性;研究高暴露区和污染区OCPs对婴幼儿早期发育和未来生长健康的影响;研究OCPs在人体内的蓄积和排泄规律;结合统计学方法,开展母乳中OCPs与新生儿或成年人各种疾病相关性的统计流行病学研究。  相似文献   

Geogenic distribution and baseline concentrations of Cu and Zn in surficial soil of Guiyang, China     

王济王世杰  欧阳自远 李瑞玲 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(2):152-161

1 IntroductionThe term“Environmental Geochemical Baseline(EGB)”first appeared in the International Geochemi-cal Mapping Program (IGCP259) and the InternationalGeochemical Baseline Program (IGCP360) of Interna-tional Geography Contrast Program. The defin…  相似文献   

Dispersion and immobilization of pollutants in Cretaceous sandstones where U ore was mined by sulfuric acid leaching     

Jan Holecek Jiri Muzak Tomas Paces 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):43-43

The uranium deposit Straz pod Ralskem in the northern part of the Czech Republic was exploited by underground acidic leaching between 1968 and 1996. More than 14000 tons of uranium were produced during this period. More than 4 million tons of H2SO4, 300 thousand tons of HNO3, 120 thousand tons of NH3 and other chemicals were injected in Cenomanian sandstones. The mining has resulted in a large contamination of ground waters. Lateral hydrodynamic dispersion of the pollutants and migration of pollutants across aquitard are a potential hazard to drinking water supply and to surface aquatic environment, Chemical leaching was done by forced circulation of a technological acid solution introduced to the sandstones through injection drill holes and withdrawal of the enriched resulting solution by production wells. The solution is reacting not only with uranium ore, but also with minerals of the rock environment. Hydrogen ions are replaced by uranium and other cations leached from the rock, especially Fe, Al, Be and As. Ammonia remaining after the precipitation of the yellow cake （ammonium diuranate） was rejected underground in spite of that it serves no purpose in the underground leaching. High concentrations of Al, Be, As and ammonium ions in ground water became the most serious ecological pollutant. Modelling of the hydrodynamic dispersion of the pollutants predicts the future risks to local water supplies in 200 to 500 years. A possible way to reduce the risk is an immobilization of the pollutants in deeper parts of the sandstone aquifer. We found that modeling of the geochemical reactions using classical hydrochemical models give unrealistic results because of formation of colloidal particles.  相似文献   

Microbial resistance to the heavy metal pollution     

Hua JIANG Huxiao JING Weixiao QING 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):3-3

It is estimated that the poisonous heavy metals released to the environment come up to million tons. Such great amounts of poisonous heavy metals result in a serious bane to ecosystem and human health. The valid control of spreading and pollution of heavy metals in the environment has hence become an urgent issue of the moment. In this study, through tameness and induction of living creature＇s tolerance from dirty mud, using microbial technology we have cultivated some anti-heavy-metal microbes able to resist the pollutions from poisonous chemical elements such as arsenic, chromium, cadmium, hydrargyrum, and plumbnm, four of which are fungi and five are bacteria. Atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry analyses showed that, to the same chemical element, fungi have stronger resistance than bacteria by one time or so.  相似文献   

Characteristics of organochlorine pesticides, PAHs and PBDEs in the ecosystem of Deep Bay, South China     

《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):188-188

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充分发挥气象科技优势促进重庆市空气质量根本好转     

杨利敏  李良福 《气象软科学》2006,(4):53-57

对重庆市空气环境质量现状和目前环保技术的宏观性和滞后性分析研究，结合城市的山水园林规划，依据大气污染气象信息，提出了对主城区的空气污染治理不能单纯依靠以前的宏观环保技术和关停政策来治理，还必须开展重点污染源局地空气污染潜势预报、建立重点污染源生产调度决策管理系统和针对可吸入性细微污染物粒子进行生态园林网吸附和净化大气污染物的城区生态园林网微观环保防治等对策和相应保障措施，从而充分发挥气象科技优势，促进重庆市空气质量根本好转。  相似文献   

南极大型动物粪土层和蛋卵中有机氯污染物分布特征及生态学意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张海生  王自磐  卢冰  朱纯  武光海  Walter Vetter 《中国科学D辑》2006,36(12):1111-1121

新近从南极菲尔徳斯半岛和阿德雷岛的海鸟和海豹栖息地粪土层中检出持久性有机氯污染物(POPs)总含量范围: 多氯联苯(PCBs)为0.21~3.85 ng/g; 有机氯农药滴滴涕(ΣDDT)为0.09~2.01ng/g; 六六六(ΣHCH)为0.06~0.76 ng/g, 并以七氯、六氯联苯、P, P-DDE和α-HCH化合物为主体; 在贼鸥和巨海燕、企鹅蛋卵中检出POPs含量各为12.5~294.2和2.0~10.2 ng/g (湿重); 积蓄形式以PCB180, PCB153, P, P’-DDE和HCB和P, P’-DDE为主. 研究表明, 栖息地粪土层POPs含量变化与海鸟不同种群食性以及营巢占域的不同而相异; 对不同种类海鸟卵样的POPs数据进行统计分析, 结果显示不同鸟种POPs积累水平的差异取决于不同鸟种的生态习性, 如活动范围、迁徒距离、觅食习性以及巢址选择等, 最重要是海鸟生态食物链中的位置, 其食谱的宽窄, 同样表明海鸟体内POPs积累通过食物链逐渐加强的结果. 其次还对阿德雷岛地区AD1, AD2短柱粪土地层进行²¹⁰Pb测年, 并进行POPs积累率及分子地层学记录的初步研究.  相似文献   

潍坊市空气污染与气象条件的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王善芳刘桂才  周树华王萌 《河南气象》2006,(3):54-55

利用2004年3月~2005年2月每日08时的潍坊市气象观测资料和环境监测资料,分析了空气污染物浓度与各种气象条件的关系,结果表明:可吸入颗粒物PM10是潍坊市的主要污染物,污染物浓度有明显的季节变化,冬季高于夏季,各种污染物浓度与大雾、降水、风速等有明显的相关性。  相似文献   

室内空气中污染物对人体的危害及控制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何玉如  徐步新  王伟  刘大可 《江苏地质》2007,31(1):34-36

分析了室内空气中污染物甲醛、苯、氨、TVOC、氡的来源,讨论了这些污染物对人体健康的危害。对2005年南京市装修房室内的150个空气样本5项污染物检测结果分析统计表明,检出率为100%。其中氡浓度范围为10Bg/m3-230Bg/m3,氨0.1mg/m3-0.3mg/m3,甲醛0.01mg/m3-1.42 mg/m3,苯0.005mg/m3-0.10mg/m3,TVOC为0.005mg/m3-1.62 mg/m3,超标率较高的是甲醛和TVOC。介绍了改善室内空气质量、控制室内空气污染的方法。  相似文献