Sediment–water interactions of natural oestrogens under estuarine conditions     

J. C. Bowman  J. L. Zhou  J. W. Readman 《Marine Chemistry》2002,77(4)

The natural human female hormones oestrone and 17β-oestradiol have been implicated in the disruption of endocrine systems in some wildlife adjacent to sewage effluents. The sorption behaviour of these two compounds under estuarine conditions was studied by spiking either 2.55 μg of oestrone or 2.65 μg of 17β-oestradiol in kinetic experiments. In equilibrium experiments, 3 ng of oestrone or 3.2 ng of 17β-oestradiol was added in each of the centrifuge tubes. Sorption onto sediment particles was relatively slow, with sorption equilibrium being reached in about 70 and 170 h for oestrone and 17β-oestradiol, respectively. The effects of a variety of environmental parameters on sorption were studied including salinity, sediment concentration (SC), the presence of a third phase, particle size and, also, surfactant concentrations. Results show that although salinity did not induce any statistically significant effect on the sorption of 17β-oestradiol, it did statistically enhance the sorption of oestrone, and a salting constant of 0.3 l mol⁻¹ was derived. The partition coefficient for both compounds decreased with increasing sediment concentration, a phenomenon that has been widely reported and attributed to the presence of colloids (which could enhance dissolved concentrations). In this paper, the true partition coefficients for sediment particles (K_p^true) and colloidal particles (K_c^true) have been calculated, and a K_p^true value of 141 and 102 ml g⁻¹ was obtained for oestrone and 17β-oestradiol, respectively. In addition, K_c^true values for oestrone (222×10² ml g⁻¹) and 17β-oestradiol (135×10² ml g⁻¹) were two orders of magnitude higher than their respective K_p^true values, suggesting that the colloidal particles are significantly stronger sorbents for natural oestrogens than sediment particles. Particles of different sizes were found to have different partition coefficients due to the strong relationships between partition coefficients for the two compounds and particulate organic carbon (POC) contents and specific surface areas (SSAs). The presence of a surfactant was shown to reduce the partition coefficients for the two compounds, although its concentrations being used were higher than those normally found in the natural environment.  相似文献   

崂山花岗岩地区含锶、偏硅酸矿泉水的形成机理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵广涛  曹钦臣  孙悦鹏 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1996,(2)

报道了崂山花岗岩地区矿泉水的特征。指出其矿泉类型为含锶、偏硅酸型，并讨论了其形成机理。  相似文献   

Fe(OH)_3胶体与铜离子作用的研究     

张恩仁  田玉红  张正斌  刘莲生 《热带海洋学报》2001,(4)

使用切向流超滤系统得到粒度较均匀的Fe(OH)3胶体,进而对Fe(OH)3胶体粒子与Cu2 的作用进行了研究,并将实验结果与南沙群岛海区表层水中铜与胶体物质结合状况的调查数据进行了比较分析,得到如下结果:(1)在海水介质中,铜在Fe(OH)3胶体上结合的百分率(pH>5)随pH的升高而下降,随着Fe(OH)3胶体浓度的减小而下降?(2)在天然海水介质中,使铜在Fe(OH)3胶体上结合的百分率在50%-70%的有机物浓度为1.0mg·L-1,有机物浓度的增大使铜与无机胶体结合的百分率有下降的趋势?  相似文献   

海洋调查数据的可视化建模及实现方法     

孙菁  杨冠杰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(4):579-585

科学计算可视化作为新一代的分析工具 ,正在进入物理海洋学领域。文中介绍对海洋调查数据进行可视化的关键问题——数据建模 ,并从分析海洋调查数据的特点出发提出针对海洋研究中可视化建模的原则和有效途径 ,给出相关的实现方法。其中 ,重点讨论局部体样条建模中必须面对的区域分割优化问题 ,引入遗传算法并给出较好的解决方案。  相似文献   

亚像素定位的关键问题研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王成亮  邹峥嵘  闾海庆  王静 《海洋测绘》2007,27(1):70-73

分析了控制点标志的选择与设计,采用了图像处理、Hough变换、角点与直线高精度定位算子等方法,实现了中南大学近景摄影测量二维控制场1 350个人工标志点的自动识别和亚像素定位,仿真图检测平均精度达到±0.05像素。  相似文献   

4D seismic time-lapse monitoring of an active cold vent,northern Cascadia margin   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Michael Riedel 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2007,28(4):355-371

Two single-channel seismic (SCS) data sets collected in 2000 and 2005 were used for a four-dimensional (4D) time-lapse analysis of an active cold vent (Bullseye Vent). The data set acquired in 2000 serves as a reference in the applied processing sequence. The 4D processing sequence utilizes time- and phase-matching, gain adjustments and shaping filters to transform the 2005 data set so that it is most comparable to the conditions under which the 2000 data were acquired. The cold vent is characterized by seismic blanking, which is a result of the presence of gas hydrate in the subsurface either within coarser-grained turbidite sands or in fractures, as well as free gas trapped in these fracture systems. The area of blanking was defined using the seismic attributes instantaneous amplitude and similarity. Several areas were identified where blanking was reduced in 2005 relative to 2000. But most of the centre of Bullseye Vent and the area around it were seen to be characterized by intensified blanking in 2005. Tracing these areas of intensified blanking through the three-dimensional (3D) seismic volume defined several apparent new flow pathways that were not seen in the 2000 data, which are interpreted as newly generated fractures/faults for upward fluid migration. Intensified blanking is interpreted as a result of new formation of gas hydrate in the subsurface along new fracture pathways. Areas with reduced blanking may be zones where formerly plugged fractures that had trapped some free gas may have been opened and free gas was liberated.  相似文献   

无机碳与雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)细胞调节物质   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘建国  孙艳妮  殷明焱  刘伟  张展 《海洋与湖沼》2004,35(5):459-466

以单细胞雨生红球藻为材料，采用酸碱滴定和CO2加富通气培养微藻的方法，对旧液中HCO3^-和CO3^2-浓度变化以及对红球藻细胞生长的影响进行了研究。结果表明，旧液具有限制红球藻细胞生长和诱导细胞转化的作用。同时，旧液中无机碳离子浓度明显高于新液。培养液中富含CO3^2-时，各细胞数量与CO3^2-浓度呈正相关，相关系数为0．88。溶液中仅有HCO3^-时，各细胞数与HCO3^-浓度也呈正相关性。因此，排除了CO3^2-和HCO3^-作为旧液中的调节物质，限制红球藻细胞生长和诱导细胞转化的可能性。旧液乙酸乙酯提取物生物检测实验表明，在粗提取物中有降低细胞增长和诱导细胞转化的活性，表明调节物质能溶于有机相，也反过来证实无机碳离子不是旧液中的调节物质。DNA含量和倍性分析结果表明，红球藻游动细胞DNA复制可以加倍后不经过原生质分裂就可以再次进行，因此推测旧液中的调节物质对原生质分裂过程产生抑制作用，而不对DNA复制过程产生抑制作用。  相似文献   

渤、黄、东海夏季环流的三维斜压模型   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

王凯  冯士筰  施心慧 《海洋与湖沼》2001,32(5):551-560

基于拉格朗日时均观点描述环流，建立起潮流与准定常流共同占优势系统中的陆浅海环流模型，并诊断计算了夏季渤、黄、东海的三维环流图。模拟结果较好地再现了渤、黄、东海主要流系的特征。对照冬季结果，对渤、黄、东海环流的季节变化做了阐述。从环流垂向分量的分布图上，可发现渐闽近海、长江口外存在较明显的上升流区。另外，对夏季渤、黄、东海的热盐环流和潮致余流分别进行了模拟，发现它们均能在黄海构成一逆时针向的五流系统，这对形成和维持夏季黄海冷水团的存在有重要作用。热盐环流的模拟结果表明，黄海冷水团环流含有“热成流”的成分；通过Lagrange余流的计算发现环绕黄河冷水团的环流还含有“潮成流”的成分。  相似文献   

断阶型潜山带地质模型的建立及储层预测--以CG20潜山为例     

姜素华  王永诗  张家震  王军 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,34(3):437-445

以 CG2 0潜山为例 ,从建立地质模型入手 ,包括地层模型、构造模型、储集模型、储盖组合模型、速度模型等 ,认识到各套地层分布和储层物性的差异均与地震响应密切相关 ,因此可以利用地震波的信息 ,预测潜山储层的发育及分布情况。在对 CG2 0潜山进行精细全三维构造解释的基础上 ,探讨性地应用了测井约束反演、吸收系数、相干分析及三维模式识别等技术 ,对潜山储层进行了预测 ,从而提高了潜山勘探的效益 ,并为类似断阶型潜山带的勘探提供了成功的经验 ,具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

Optimum Sample Size to Detect Perturbation Effects: The Importance of Statistical Power Analysis – A Critique     

Marco Ortiz 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(1):1-9

Abstract. The current article describes statistical power analysis as an efficient strategy for the estimation of the optimum sample size. The principle aim is constructively to criticise and enrich the results presented by Mouillot et al. (1999) , who estimate the optimum sample size for evaluating possible perturbations. The authors did not make any reference to statistical power analysis, even though their objective clearly went beyond a simple stock evaluation to assess management strategies in a particular marine ecosystem. Surprisingly, they proposed (a priori) an ANOVA design to test a hypothesis considering both space and temporal scales. However, the authors did not cover important topics related with power analysis and the precautionary principle, both used into environment impact assessment programmes for marine ecosystems. Based on their results and on statistical power analysis, it is demonstrated that the variability (dispersion statistics), a key factor they used to estimate the sample size, is less relevant than the magnitude of perturbation (effect size). Therefore, a greater effort must be devoted to estimate the effect size of a particular phenomenon rather than a desired variability.  相似文献