地幔橄榄岩捕掳体中尖晶石筛状边的成因     

胡森林  罗丹  陈立辉 《岩石学报》2017,33(1):69-80

山东的无棣大山和栖霞方山是两个以霞石岩为主的新生代火山,含有大量的地幔橄榄岩捕掳体,橄榄岩捕掳体中的尖晶石常见黑色反应边。在BSE图像上,这些反应边根据结构的不同又可以进一步分为两种:筛状边和均一边。有时两种反应边在同一颗尖晶石中共存并相互过渡。尖晶石捕掳晶和捕掳体中与寄主岩直接接触的尖晶石常发育均一边;发育筛状边的尖晶石则一般不直接与寄主岩接触,但位于捕掳体的边缘。尖晶石的筛状边呈多孔状,为富Cr尖晶石或铬铁矿。筛状边成分上与核部(Cr_2O_3=7.52%~36.75%,Cr#=7.80~44.20,Mg#=44.70~74.48)区别明显,具有高的Cr_2O_3含量(23.42%~65.96%)、Cr#值(78.97~92.49)以及低的Mg#值(17.22~43.02)。另外,筛状边相对其核部(TiO 2=0.00%~0.53%,MnO=0.04%~0.35%)还显示偏高的TiO 2(0.20%~3.60%)和MnO(0.29%~1.93%)。在筛状边附近存在富Al_2O_3(8.00%~17.57%)和MgO(17.89%~26.02%)的玻璃。尖晶石的均一边无孔洞但多发育裂理,成分上与核部突变,并以富TiO 2(20.90%~6.64%)和FeO T(70.79%~53.92%)为特征,最外部为钛磁铁矿。均一边具有明显的成分分带,表现为由内至外TiO 2、FeO T含量逐渐增高,Al_2O_3(0.04%~16.34%)、Cr_2O_3(0.77%~25.69%)和MgO(0.50%~7.16%)含量逐渐降低。尖晶石的两种反应边与寄主岩密切的空间关系说明其成因与寄主岩浆有关。虽然尖晶石筛状边的Cr#值(79.0~92.5)明显高于核部(7.8~44.2),但是其相对核部偏高的TiO 2和MnO含量,以及显著降低的Mg#值均与单纯的部分熔融趋势不吻合。根据尖晶石两种反应边的结构特征、成分特征和相互的空间关系,我们认为筛状边与均一边是岩浆与尖晶石反应不同阶段的产物。当橄榄岩捕掳体被岩浆捕获后,由于成分上的不均衡两者之间将发生溶解反应。反应过程中,尖晶石中不同元素向熔体迁移的速率区别明显,其中Cr是最难熔的元素也是迁移最慢的元素。在反应的初始阶段,由于易溶组份Al、Mg等元素随熔体迁出,尖晶石发育筛状边,并同时伴随Cr#值的显著升高和Mg#值的显著降低。此时,寄主岩浆中的Ti、Mn等元素也部分扩散进入筛状边中的残留尖晶石。如果熔体足够多,反应得以持续进行,筛状边中的Cr最终也将被熔体带走。在反应产生的混合熔体中金属氧化物最早达到饱和并结晶。随着反应的持续进行,结晶出的矿物将继续生长、变粗,并相互连接,直至孔洞消失形成均一边。同时伴随着矿物的不断结晶,溶解界面上的熔体成分也不断变化,从而使均一边具有明显的成分分带。在橄榄岩捕掳体内部,由于渗进捕掳体中的岩浆有限,渗透岩浆与尖晶石之间的反应多限于早期阶段,反应产物为筛状边。在捕掳体边缘,与寄主岩浆直接接触的尖晶石由于参与反应的岩浆量足够多,因此一般产生反应的终端产物———均一边。  相似文献   

桐柏-大别造山带南缘中侏罗世基性岩的发现及其构造意义——来自锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素证据     

刘杰  邓新  彭练红  刘浩  徐大良 《岩石矿物学杂志》2017,36(5):619-632

桐柏-大别造山带南缘大洪山地区出露一套变质辉长辉绿岩脉,该岩脉沿襄樊-广济断裂带侵入到大洪山造山带增生杂岩之中,本文采用锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS定年方法,获得了该变质辉长辉绿岩脉的岩浆锆石年龄为163±3 Ma,代表岩脉的侵位结晶年龄,是目前桐柏-大别造山带已知最早的造山后晚中生代岩浆活动记录之一,表明桐柏-大别造山带南缘晚中生代岩浆活动开始于中侏罗世晚期,与北大别地区初始深融作用时间相当,比早白垩世大规模岩浆活动的峰期(~130 Ma)早约30 Ma。锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示eHf(t)值为+5.8~+10.8(平均值为+9.7±0.7),对应的单阶段Hf模式年龄t_(DM1)为387~595Ma(平均值为434±29Ma),明显大于岩脉成岩年龄,表明岩浆源区主要来自于亏损地幔,亏损地幔为早古生代伸展过程的产物。结合区域研究资料,163±3 Ma是桐柏-大别碰撞造山带南缘中生代陆-陆碰撞后最古老的岩浆岩年龄之一,与大别造山带山根软化的时代一致,可能代表桐柏-大别造山带由挤压环境向伸展环境的初始转换时间,据此认为桐柏-大别造山带从山根软化到大规模伸展垮塌间隔-30Ma,地幔经历了亏损-富集的转化过程。  相似文献   

Calculation of <Superscript>17</Superscript>O NMR shieldings in molecular models for crystalline MO,M=Mg,Ca, Sr,and in models for alkaline earth silicates     

J. A.?TossellEmail author 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2004,31(1):41-44

¹⁷O NMR shieldings are calculated for the central O in the molecular model OM₆(OH)₁₂ ^–2, for crystalline alkaline earth oxides, MO, where M=Mg, Ca, and Sr, using both Hartree–Fock and hybrid Hartree–Fock density-functional theory. Agreement of calculated and experimental NMR shifts of CaO and SrO compared to MgO is good, but only if the basis set on the M atoms has sufficient tight d polarization functions. Preliminary results are also presented for nonbridging O in the silicate Si(OH)₃O^– anion, perturbed by alkaline earth cations, giving trends which agree qualitatively with experiment.  相似文献   

Geochemical constraints on the origin of Mesozoic alkaline intrusive complexes from the North China Craton and tectonic implications   总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28  

Hong-Fu Zhang  Min Sun  Xin-Hua Zhou  Ji-Feng Ying 《Lithos》2005,81(1-4):297-317

Mesozoic alkaline intrusive complexes are widespread in the southern portion of the North China Craton and can provide some important constraints on the evolution of the Mesozoic lithosphere beneath the region. Three selected intrusive complexes (Tongshi, Hongshan, and Longbaoshan) are generally high in alkalis (K₂O+Na₂O=913 wt.%) and Al₂O₃ (1421.6 wt.%) and low in CaO and TiO₂ (<0.6 wt.%), with high and variable SiO₂ contents. Rocks from these complexes are all enriched in LREE and LILE (Cs, Rb, Ba, U, Th), depleted in Nb and Ti, have a highly positive Pb anomaly, and are characterized by lack of a clear Eu anomaly despite trace element abundances and isotopic ratios that vary greatly between complexes. The Tongshi complex has high Cs (2.68.5 ppm) and REE abundances (∑REE=112.6297 ppm, (La/Yb)_N=13.130.9) and MORB-like Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic ratios ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i<0.704; ε_Nd>0; (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i>18). The Hongshan complex has low REE concentrations (∑REE=28.2118.7 ppm, (La/Yb)_N=4.614.7) and is moderately enriched as demonstrated by their Sr–Nd isotopic ratios ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i>0.706; ε_Nd<−7). The Longbaoshan complex is extremely REE enriched (∑REE=211.3392.6 ppm, (La/Yb)_N=32.460.9) and has an EM2-like Sr–Nd isotopic character ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i>0.7078; ε_Nd<−11). We suggest that the Tongshi complex originated from the asthenosphere and the Hongshan complex and the Longbaoshan complex were derived from the partial melting of previously subduction-modified lithospheric mantle, in response to post-collisional lithospheric extension and asthenospheric upwelling. The occurrence of these alkaline intrusive complexes demonstrates that the lithosphere beneath the region must have been considerably thinned at the time of intrusion of these complexes. This study also shed light on the temporal evolution of the Mesozoic lithosphere and the timing of the lithospheric thinning.  相似文献   

Petrogenetic processes in the ultramafic, alkaline and carbonatitic magmatism in the Kola Alkaline Province: A review   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hilary Downes  Elena Balaganskaya  Andrew Beard  Ruslan Liferovich  Daniel Demaiffe 《Lithos》2005,85(1-4):48-75

Igneous rocks of the Devonian Kola Alkaline Carbonatite Province (KACP) in NW Russia and eastern Finland can be classified into four groups: (a) primitive mantle-derived silica-undersaturated silicate magmas; (b) evolved alkaline and nepheline syenites; (c) cumulate rocks; (d) carbonatites and phoscorites, some of which may also be cumulates. There is no obvious age difference between these various groups, so all of the magma-types were formed at the same time in a relatively restricted area and must therefore be petrogenetically related. Both sodic and potassic varieties of primitive silicate magmas are present. On major element variation diagrams, the cumulate rocks plot as simple mixtures of their constituent minerals (olivine, clinopyroxene, calcite, etc). There are complete compositional trends between carbonatites, phoscorites and silicate cumulates, which suggests that many carbonatites and phoscorites are also cumulates. CaO / Al₂O₃ ratios for ultramafic and mafic silicate rocks in dykes and pipes range up to 5, indicating a very small degree of melting of a carbonated mantle at depth. Damkjernites appear to be transitional to carbonatites. Trace element modelling indicates that all the mafic silicate magmas are related to small degrees of melting of a metasomatised garnet peridotite source. Similarities of the REE patterns and initial Sr and Nd isotope compositions for ultramafic alkaline silicate rocks and carbonatites indicate that there is a strong relationship between the two magma-types. There is also a strong petrogenetic link between carbonatites, kimberlites and alkaline ultramafic lamprophyres. Fractional crystallisation of olivine, diopside, melilite and nepheline gave rise to the evolved nepheline syenites, and formed the ultramafic cumulates. All magmas in the KACP appear to have originated in a single event, possibly triggered by the arrival of hot material (mantle plume?) beneath the Archaean/Proterozoic lithosphere of the northern Baltic Shield that had been recently metasomatised. Melting of the carbonated garnet peridotite mantle formed a spectrum of magmas including carbonatite, damkjernite, melilitite, melanephelinite and ultramafic lamprophyre. Pockets of phlogopite metasomatised lithospheric mantle also melted to form potassic magmas including kimberlite. Depth of melting, degree of melting and presence of metasomatic phases are probably the major factors controlling the precise composition of the primary melts formed.  相似文献   

The Late Neoproterozoic granitoid magmatism of the Pelotas Batholith, southern Brazil     

Ruy Paulo Philipp  Rmulo Machado 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2005,19(4):117

Geological mapping, petrography, geochemistry, and isotope studies enable the division of the Pelotas Batholith into six granitic suites: Pinheiro Machado (PMS), Erval (ES), Viamão (VS), Encruzilhada do Sul (ESS), Cordilheira (CS), and Dom Feliciano (DFS). The rocks of the PMS show a large compositional range (granite through granodiorite to tonalite), and the suite is considered pre- to syncollisional. Other suites show restricted compositional variations (granite to granodiorite) and are late to postcollisional. In general, the suites are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous (PMS, ES, and VS) or peraluminous (CS) or have alkaline tendencies (ESS and DFS). The magmatic evolution corresponds to high-K calc-alkaline to alkaline magmatism. The suites are enriched in K, Rb, and REE compared with rocks of typical calc-alkaline series. Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios vary from 0.705 to 0.716, except in the CS, where they attain values of 0.732–0.740. Sm–Nd T_DM model ages vary between 0.98 and 2.0 Ga, with initial ε_Nd values ranging from −0.3 to −10. U–Pb zircon dates of samples from PMS, VS, and ESS suggest an age between 0.63 and 0.59 Ga for magmatism. Rb–Sr dates of samples of alkaline granites from DFS present ages between 0.57 and 0.55 Ga. The main tectonic controls of the magmatism of the Pelotas Batholith are high-dip sinistral shear zones.  相似文献   

Magnetite compositions and oxygen fugacities of the Khibina magmatic system     

Igor D. Ryabchikov  L.N. Kogarko 《Lithos》2006,91(1-4):35-45

Most titanomagnetite in the Khibina alkaline igneous complex, sampled through 500 m of a vertical cross-section, is represented by Ti-rich varieties. The ulvöspinel component is most commonly around 55 mol%, rarely reaching up to 80 mol%.

We calculated an f_O2–T diagram for magnetite + ilmenite + titanite + clinopyroxene + nepheline + alkali feldspar and magnetite + titanite+ clinopyroxene + nepheline + alkali feldspar phase assemblages at a hedenbergite activity of 0.2. The diagram shows that magnetites with 55 mol% of ulvöspinel crystallized at oxygen fugacities just slightly below the quartz–fayalite–magnetite buffer. More Ti-rich varieties crystallized at higher temperatures and slightly lower ΔQMF values, whereas more Ti-poor magnetites crystallized at or below about 650 °C.

Under the redox conditions estimated for the apatite-bearing intrusion of the Khibina complex (close to the QFM buffer), substantial quantities of methane may only form during cooling below 400 °C in equilibrium with magma. However, even at higher orthomagmatic temperatures and redox conditions corresponding to ΔQMF = 0, the hydrogen content in the early magmatic stage is not negligible. This hydrogen present in the gas phase at magmatic temperatures may migrate to colder parts of a solidifying magma chamber and trigger Fischer-Tropsch-type reactions there. We propose therefore, that methane in peralkaline systems may form in three distinct stages: orthomagmatic and late-magmatic in equilibrium with a melt and — due to Fischer-Tropsch-type reactions — post-magmatic in equilibrium with a local mineral assemblage.  相似文献   

滇西北衙金矿区碱性斑岩岩石学、年代学和地球化学特征及其成因机制   总被引：15，自引：5，他引：15  

徐兴旺  蔡新平  宋保昌  张宝林  应汉龙  肖骑彬  王杰 《岩石学报》2006,22(3):631-642

报道了在北衙金矿区新发现的含矿石英钠长斑岩的特征以及某些罕见的地质现象,如石英正长斑岩侵位于岩溶洞穴,黑云正长斑岩侵位于未固结河湖相沉积物中,并形成诸如微晶与玻璃质基质共生和斑岩与围岩混积等奇特结构构造,并给出了矿区斑岩系统的~(39)Ar/~(40)Ar年龄。年龄结果显示:石英钠长斑岩形成于第三纪早期、年龄为65．56Ma,石英正长斑岩形成于25～33Ma之间,黑云正长斑岩侵位于上新世、两个岩体黑云母的年龄分别为3．66Ma和3．78Ma。矿区石英钠长斑岩、石英正长斑岩和黑云正长斑岩均为碱性斑岩,具有一些相似的地球化学特征,包括岩石中(K_2O+Na_2O)＞10%,SiO_2＞67%,富轻稀土、与OIB相似的REE稀土分配模式,Sr＞400×10~(-6),~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr＞0．707。矿区碱性斑岩的REE组成和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素组成显示斑岩成因于含有大洋岛屿玄武岩(OIB)、大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)、正常沉积岩和上地幔(EMII+PREMA)组分的混合源,我们进一步推断北衙矿区碱性斑岩和滇西其它第三纪碱性斑岩一样成因于被掩埋的古金沙江特提斯大洋岩石圈与其上覆上地幔之间因印度-亚洲大陆俯冲-碰撞而导致的强烈剪切变形所引起和形成的熔体的上侵。  相似文献   

Fluid inclusion studies on the Koraput Alkaline Complex,Eastern Ghats Province,India: Implications for mid-Neoproterozoic granulite facies metamorphism and exhumation     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

Following ultrahigh temperature granulite metamorphism at ∼1 Ga, the Eastern Ghats Province of India was intruded by the Koraput Alkaline Complex, and was subsequently re-metamorphosed in the granulite facies in the mid-Neoproterozoic time. Fluid inclusion studies were conducted on silica undersaturated alkali gabbro and syenites in the complex, and a pre-metamorphic pegmatitic granite dyke that intrudes it. High density (1.02–1.05 g/cc), pseudo-secondary pure CO₂ inclusions are restricted to metamorphic garnets within the gabbro and quartz within the granite, whereas moderate (∼0.92–0.95 g/cc) and low density (∼0.75 g/cc) secondary inclusions occur in garnet, magmatic clinopyroxene, plagioclase, hornblende and quartz. The isochores calculated for high density pseudo-secondary inclusions pass very close to the peak metamorphic window (∼8 kbar, 750 °C), and are interpreted to represent the fluid present during peak metamorphism that was entrapped by the growing garnet. Microscopic round inclusions of undigested, relict calcite in garnet suggest that the CO₂ present during metamorphism of the complex was internally derived through carbonate breakdown. Pure to low salinity (0.00–10.1 wt% NaCl equivalent) aqueous intra-/intergranular inclusions showing unimodal normal distribution of final ice-melting temperature (T_m) and temperature of homogenization (T_h) are present only in quartz within the granite. These represent re-equilibrated inclusions within the quartz host that were entrapped at the metamorphic peak. Rare, chemically precipitated graphite along the walls of carbonic inclusions is interpreted as a post-entrapment reaction product formed during decompression. The fluid inclusion evidence is consistent with rapid exhumation of a thickened lower crust following the mid-Neoproterozoic granulite facies metamorphic event. The study suggests that mantle CO₂, transported by alkaline magma into the crust, was locked up within carbonates and released during granulite metamorphism.  相似文献   

云南澜沧银铅锌多金属矿床含矿岩系地球化学     

杨通树  张晓平  王亚萍  刘心开 《云南地质》2010,29(3):311-317

矿床含矿岩系下石炭统依柳组(C1y)火山岩系形成于陆内裂谷构造环境,具有大陆碱性玄武岩特征。岩系中成矿元素铅、锌(特别是铅)背景值较高,为区内银铅锌多金属矿重要矿源层;岩系因子分析表征:Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Sn、Ag、Au等元素与Cu、Bi、Sn、Mo、Se、W等元素均代表不同期次成矿作用和主要成矿元素组合,对指导区带成矿环境与成矿作用具有一定理论意义。  相似文献